• Title/Summary/Keyword: What-If

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A Consideration on the Solitude in Nietzsche's Philosophy (고독에 관한 니체의 성찰)

  • Kim, Jae-chul;Gu, Bo-sang
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.142
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    • pp.51-74
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    • 2017
  • As the phrase 'solitude death' implies, solitude generally has a negative characteristic as an object to avoid. But on the contrary, Nietzsche attempts to accept solitude and even affirms it in his overall philosophy. This study is about the authentic meaning of Nietzsche's solitude concept, aiming to clarify what true meaning solitude has to Nietzsche. This study will examine the 'external situation that humans face today' first. To do this, the study will consider the situation that humans who lost the earth and homeland faced in the period when God is dead. This study will then look at 'memory' and 'oblivion', as human's internal situations. And following that, this study will examine what meaning 'creativity' has to Nietzsche, which has a close relationship with those internal situations. Lastly, the meaning that 'body' and 'dance' imply to Nietzsche and what relationship these have with true solitude will be presented. Human is the being who can not avoid solitude whether they want it or not. Even though we make whatever effort we can to run away, solitude is unavoidable. The smart phone that makes me feel emptiness when I don't hold it on my hands, the hobbies which attract and force us to do, and new products which make us feel lonely if we don't buy them, don't they prove these efforts? What meaning does solitude have to humans that we have no other way but to run away from it like this? By understanding the authentic meaning of Nietzsche's solitude concept, we can change our view point on solitude so we can eventually accept 'solitude' as something that we must truly embrace and affirm, instead of something we must run away from.

A Moral Approach of Yulgok Philosophy on Environmental Issue (환경문제에 대한 율곡철학의 도덕론적 접근)

  • Jeong, Won-Gyo
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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    • no.43
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    • pp.33-53
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    • 2014
  • It's the situation that modern technological civilization shakes the life environment fundamentally without a serious reflection on the dangers. The sense of crisis' brought the rise of modern Ecology in awareness of survivability of the humanity. Because the serious reflection is not just a campaign for environmental protection, but is to establish the values which is possible to coexist and to make harmony between the nature and man, man and man, and to form a healthy relationship through philosophical thought and practice has intrinsic value for human and nature. Under these circumstances, if Yulgok lives now and he is questioned by the ecological theorists of the 21st century that "What do you think about the serious environmental problem of present times?", what really would be his explanation? In the presentation methods of the explanation, will question first what contents western ecologists who study Theory of the environment in technology, Deep Ecology, and Social Ecology propose, then will compare and introduce what similarities and differences from theirs. As a result, we'll be found that Yulgok's thought, moral consciousness, about the nature and humanity as a confucian scholar.

The Three Theses in Yang-Ming Studies (양명심학의 3대 강령)

  • Sun, Byeongsam
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.62
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    • pp.177-207
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    • 2016
  • This essay is dealing with Yang-Ming Studies' fundamental ideas, which are the goal of learning, the cultivation theory, and the ultimate goal in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue. The first, what is the goal of learning in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue: It is generally accepted idea that the goal of learning in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue is to be a sage. But there are different suggestions about the ideas above. The reason is like this: Zhu-Zi-Studies was eager to be a sage through its cultivation theory. Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue criticized the cultivation theory in Zhu-Zi-Studies. Therefore, some people don't agree with the idea that the goal of learning in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue is to be a sage. In this essay, I try to demonstrate that the goal of learning in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue is to be a sage. The second, What is the major cultivation theory in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue: The core cultivation theory is the Zhi-Ling-Zhi(Fulfillment Innate Knowledge of Goodness). For this, there is no question, but it is difficult how to learn and practice Zhi-Ling-Zhi in the daily life. I try to explain the right meaning and practice over Zhi-Ling-Zhi. The third, what is the ultimate goal in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue: It is general method in examine Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue that is comparing with Zhu-Zi-Studies. So there is a natural tendency focusing on the differences and similarity between Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue and Zhu-Zi-Studies. But If I say, what is the ultimate goal in Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue? That is the realization of Ren, Which is the harmony with all things in heaven and earth.

Ideology, Politics, and Social Science Scholarship on the Responsibility of Intellectuals

  • Koerner, E.F.K.
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.51-84
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    • 2002
  • The 1990s have seen the publication of many books devoted to Language and Ideology (cf. Joseph & Taylor 1990. for one of the early ones) even though the term 'ideology' itself has remained ill-defined (Woolard 1998). The focus of attention has usually been placed on the particular use of language and often for some kind of 'political' ends, not on linguistic or other scholarship which might have been driven by some sort of ideology, i.e., a bundle of assumptions which themselves were taken as given. At least since Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism, it has been clear to everyone that scholars construct their conceptualization of things in line with their understanding of the cultural, social, and political world in which they live, and that this often unreflected 'pre-understanding' effects their view of cultures that are different from theirs and more often than not geographically and temporally distant from theirs. This recognition has had a sobering effect no doubt, and Said's book has long since become 'mainstream.' Much more disturbing to the scholarly profession has been the publication of Martin Bernal's Black Athena in 1987, since it went much further, going beyond accusations of colonialism and cultural bias, in suggesting that the Western representation of Classical Greece over the past two hundred years was false and that what had been accepted until now about occidental antiquity must now be seen derived from African-Asiatic cultures of the Near East, notably that of the Ancient Egyptians, and that no other than Socrates should be seen as black man. While we may understand the intellectual climate in the United States that led academics to present 'myth as history' (Lefkowitz 1996), it is obvious that lines of regular scholarly principles of investigation have been crossed (cf Lefkowitz & Rogers 1996). The present paper investigates what may be seen as the ideological underpinnings of such work. After reviewing some recent scholarship in the area of linguistic historiography that have shown that academic work has never been 'value-neutral' (as may have been assumed or has been claimed by some practitioners), it is argued that in effect one must be aware of what Clemens Knobloch has recently termed Resonanzbedarf, i.e., the desire, whether conscious or not, of scholars-and probably scientists, too-to have their work recognized by the educated public and that, in so doing, their discourses tend to pick up on contemporary popular notions. These efforts may be harmless if everyone was to recognize these allusions and adoption of certain lexical. items(buzz words) as props or what Germans call Versatzstiicke, but history tells us that this has not always been the case. Still, as Hutton (1999) has shown, not all scholarship during the Third Reich for example can simply be dismissed as worthless because it was conducted in under a prevailing political ideology. Indeed, in seemingly innocent times, linguists can be shown to frame their argument in a way that makes them appear so utterly superior to their predecessors (cf. Lawson 2001). Upon closer inspection, those discourses turn out to be much like those of scholars in nationalistic environments that have tended to select their 'facts' to prove a particular hypothesis (cf., e.g., Koerner 2001). The article argues for scholars to take a more active role in exploding myths, scientifically unfounded claims, and ideologically driven distortions, especially those that are socially and politically harmful.

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Update on the APJCP and the APOCP in 2013 - What is Going to be Achieved in the Future

  • Moore, Malcolm A.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.2151-2153
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    • 2013
  • The history of the APOCP/APJCP goes back to 1999 when a number of interested scientists joined together to form the organization and to launch a new journal to support cancer prevention research in the Asian-Pacific area. Since the initial Founding Conference, some six General Assemblies (GAs) and ten Regional Conferences (RCs) and Special Study Sessions have been organized. Already the decisions have been made for two further GAs and at least three RCs. As of the April issue of 2013, a total of nearly 3,700 papers have already been published in regular issues of the APJCP or special supplements. With support of the Korean National Cancer Center, housing the Chief Editorial Office, the journal is now including approximately 100 papers a month. Although it experienced a set-back by reduction in the Impact Factor (IF) from 1.29 in 2010 to 0.67 in 2011, there are good grounds to expect an improvement in 2012. However, the future of the APOCP/APJCP will continue to depend on its membership, making continuous efforts to attend our conferences and submit good quality manuscripts. It is particularly important to cite papers in the APJCP wherever possible, if the wish is for an IF commensurate with our long term aims. In that sense it is up to all authors, since the journal will continue to have a very positive ploicy towards accepting papers from all countries within the Asian-Pacific, with continue to varied levels of resources. The editorial team looks forward to your considered support. The APOCP also hopes to see you in person at future meeetings, so that you have a more active voice in deciding the best way forward in our cooperative enterprise.

MAX-MIN Flow Control Supporting Dynamic Bandwidth Request of Sessions (세션의 동적 대역폭 요구를 지원하는 최대-최소 흐름제어)

  • Cho, Hyug-Rae;Chong, Song;Jang, Ju-Wook
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.6 no.8
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    • pp.638-651
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    • 2000
  • When the bandwidth resources in a packet-switched network are shared among sessions by MAX-MIN flow control each session is required to transmit its data into the network subject to the MAX-MIN fair rate which is solely determined by network loadings. This passive behavior of sessions if fact can cause seri-ous QoS(Quality of Service) degradation particularly for real-time multimedia sessions such as video since the rate allocated by the network can mismatch with what is demanded by each session for its QoS. In order to alleviate this problem we extend the concept of MAX-MIN fair bandwidth allocations as follows: Individual bandwidth demands are guaranteed if the network can accommodate them and only the residual network band-width is shared in the MAX-MIN fair sense. On the other hand if sum of the individual bandwidth demands exceeds the network capacity the shortage of the bandwidth is shared by all the sessions by reducing each bandwidth guarantee by the MAX-MIN fair division of the shortage. we present a novel flow control algorithm to achieve this extended MAX-MIN fairness and show that this algorithm can be implemented by the existing ATM ABR service protocol with minor changes. We not only analyze the steady state asymptotic stability and convergence rate of the algorithm by appealing to control theories but also verify its practical performance through simulations in a variety of network scenarios.

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A Study on Conditional Probability (조건부확률에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Cha-Mi
    • Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2010
  • Conditional probability may look simple but it raises various misconceptions. Preceding studies are mostly about such misconceptions. However, instead of focusing on those misconceptions, this paper focused on what the mathematical essence of conditional probability which can be applied to various situations and how good teachers' understanding on that is. In view of this purpose, this paper classified conditional probability which have different ways of defining into two-relative conditional probability which can be get by relative ratio and if-conditional probability which can be get by the inference of the situation change of conditional event. Yet, this is just a superficial classification of resolving ways of conditional probability. The purpose of this paper is in finding the mathematical essence implied in those, and by doing that, tried to find out how well teachers understand about conditional probability which is one integrated concept.

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A Study on Determination and Allocation of Arbitration Costs in ICC Rules of Arbitration(1998) (ICC중재에서 중재비용의 결정과 할당에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Won-Suk
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.33
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    • pp.145-164
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    • 2007
  • The Arbitration costs provided in Article 31 consist of arbitrators' fees, arbitrators' expenses, ICC administrative expenses, expenses of experts appointed by the Arbitral Tribunal, and parties' costs. Among them the first three items are independently determined by the Court in accordance with the Scale, while another two items are determined by the arbitrator and each party. The three items determined by the Court are communicated by Secretariat to the Arbitral Tribunal for inclusion in the award following the approval of the draft submitted to the Court. Also the final award may decide which of the parties shall bear them or in what proportion they shall be borne by the parties. According to Article 31(3), the arbitrators have complete jurisdiction or discretion to allocate the costs. Three common approaches are as follows; First, all of the costs are borne by the losing party. Second, all of the costs are allocated in proportion to the outcome of the case. Third, all of the costs determined by the Courts are shared equally by the parties and both parties bear their own costs. But, both parties may include intentions in accordance with the principle of party autonomy. For example, if the parties wish to ensure that the arbitration costs be shared equally and that the arbitrator make no allocation of costs or fees, the following sentence could be added to the arbitration clause in their contract. "All costs and expenses of the arbitrators [and the arbitral institution] shall be borne by the parties equally; each party shall bear the costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees, of its own counsel, experts, witness and preparation and presentation of its case" And also, if the parties wish expressly to link any allocation of costs, and fees to the result of the award the following could be added to the arbitration clauses. "The arbitrators may award to the prevailing party, if any, as determined by the arbitrators, its costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees"

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The Real Nature of "Chomskyan Revolution" ("촘스키혁명"의 실상)

  • Moon, Kyung-Hwan
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.8
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    • pp.175-198
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    • 2006
  • Quite a few historiographers of language science have measured the applicability of the term 'revolution' toward the line of work initiated by Chomsky, with the conclusion to the positive or negative effect as the case may be. This paper starts out with a brief review of this issue, with an interim conclusion that, while Chomskyan linguistics may be regarded as revolutionary in certain aspects, terms like 'revolution' and 'paradigm' are hardly applicable here in the way they were originally intended by Thomas Kuhn. It can be said, nontechnically, that the model of theory under discussion is at once 'revolutionary' and 'evolutionary' - in the sense that revolutions in linguistics have not resulted in abrupt loss of continuity with past 'paradigms', if there were any such. Chomsky's theory of language plays the same role of consolidation and refinement of structuralism that, say, the neogrmmarians played in their day. It has continued some fundamental traits of its predecessor, recovered others, and unwittingly rediscovered still others. But this is not the main thrust of the present paper. For, even if Chomskyan theory were to be looked upon as straightforwardly 'revolutionary', that revolution has not been a felicitous one. Some critic (Pieter A. M. Seuren, to be specific) goes as far as to say that "largely as a result of Chomsky's actions, linguistics is now sociologically in a very unhealthy state $\cdots$ to the point even of threatening to make that whole school of linguistics intellectually irrelevant." Besides, under the present state of language science that strikes one as typical of what Kuhn has characterized as "pre-paradigmatic" insecurity and disharmony, an unhealthy situation might take place if we were to think of the theoretical disagreements as conflicts between 'incommensurable' viewpoints-between 'rival paradigms' as it were-thereby avoiding or evading rational discussion. Another danger concerns the bandwagon effect, with linguists prematurely boarding each novel theory seemingly destined for popularity, for fear of being left clinging to an outdated 'paradigm.' Here lies another reason why the notion of 'revolution', Kuhnian or not, might as well be put aside, in the historiography of linguistics at the least.

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An Experiential Analysis of Elementary School Teachers Beal ing ChiIdren with Symptoms ADHD (ADHD 아동을 대하는 초등교사의 체험분석)

  • Lee, Suk-Kyeong
    • The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.93-118
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    • 2006
  • The aim of this research is to find out the common emotional factors that elementary school teachers feel when they experience in teaching children with ADHD and to know their responding process through experiential analysis. Seven elementary school teachers took part in this research as co-investigators, and I led the experiential approach. The co-investigators have analyzed their emotional experiences during 4 sessions. They learnt about the method of experience analysis and discussed their emotional experiences of children with ADHD. And they found out some factors concerning their emotional experiences and had the time to discuss in odor to search for the common factors of that process. Finally the co-investigators took part in a session to examine the factors which they have all agreed in, and then I verified this result. 1 interpreted the factors found and constructed a psychological resolution process. Two main objectives and the results of this research are as follows. First, are there any common factors among teachers who experience in treating children with ADHD? This research showed that elementary school teachers get angry and irritated with ADHD children's troubles. Second, what kind of psychological process is there in teachers' experiences children with ADHD? The psychological process of teachers dealing children with ADHD could be conceptualized in 5 steps, the step of recognizing an action of children with ADHD, the step of first cognitive consideration, the step of giving meaning and cognitive appraisal, the step of experiencing emotion, and the step of dealing with emotion. Teachers seemed to experience a little bit different psychological process. According to whether they thought about children's behavior positively or negatively in the second step, they had different emotional experiences. If they had a positive thought, they could take children's nonadaptive behaviors as personal characteristics. However, if they took them negatively, they considered them impolite and disobedient. Even when the teachers experienced negative emotions, their responses were divided into two groups whether they took it positively or negatively. This research showed that if teachers could control their negative emotional experiences, they could calm down with children with ADHD and treat them positively.

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