• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1998

The What-If-Not strategy as proposed by Brown & Walter (1969) is one of the most effective strategies for problem posing. However, it has focused only on the aspect of algorithms for generating problems. The aim of this strategy and how it is used to accomplish the aim of the challenging phase are not clear. We need to clarify the aim of the What-If-Not strategy and to establish the process of the strategy for accomplishing the aim. The purpose of this article is to offer a new What-If-Not strategy by clarifying the aim of the challenging phase.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.285-299
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• 2013

영재들에게는 교과서에서 요구하는 문제 만들기 수준을 넘어 생활 주변에서 경험하는 다양한 수학적 소재들을 창의적으로 재구성해보는 경험이, 영재 지도 교사에게는 그 학생들의 사고를 이해하고 후속적인 지도를 위한 교훈과 반성이 필요하다. 본 연구는 영재학급 학생들에게 문제 만들기 전략 활용 수업의 가능성을 확인하고, What-If-Not 전략을 배우고 난 영재학생들이 루미큐브라는 보드게임을 자신이 알고 있는 수학적인 요소에 맞게 변형해 본 다양한 사례들을 분석한다. 그 결과물을 교육과정의 내용(주제)별로 제시하고 변형 루미큐브 만들기 수업의 교육적 가치와 영재들을 위한 교육적 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2011

본 연구는 폴리오미노에 What if (not)?이라는 기법을 적용하여 영재학급용 수학수업 소재를 발굴하고 이를 수업에 활용한 사례 분석을 통해 수학영재교육의 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 위해 학생들이 흔히 접할 수 있는 블로커스라는 게임을 사용하여 폴리오미노의 특징을 이해하도록 구성하였고, 한중일 동양 3국의 전통적인 두뇌스포츠인 오목이라는 게임을 접목한 탐구 활동을 개발하였다. 블로커스 오목이라는 새로운 소재에 Pick의 정리를 적용하면서, 블로커스 오목 활동을 하는 동안 창의적인 학습이 되도록 구성하였다. 본 연구는 수학 수업 소재를 발굴 및 활용하여 학생들에게서 나타나는 각 소재별 특징과 결과를 바탕으로 최종적인 수업 소재를 제안하였다. 이를 통해 초등학교 수학영재 학생과 교사들을 위한 5가지 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.383-407
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• 2013

학교수학에서 학생들이 수동적으로 교수를 전달받는 상황에서 능동적이고 주체적인 입장이 될 수 있는 대안의 하나로 문제설정이 주목받게 되면서, 이에 관한 많은 연구가 활발하게 이루어져 왔다. 특히 Brown & Walter는 문제설정의 한 방법으로 What If Not 전략을 제시하였다. 이 전략에서는 문제를 설정하는 과정에서 속성의 변형은 불가피하게 이루어지며, 문제설정 후 그 문제의 풀이를 함으로써 문제설정 과정을 마무리 짓는다. 그런데 속성 간의 관련성에 대한 고려 없이 속성의 변형을 하게 되면 문제를 잘못 설정할 수 있다. 이러한 사실은 올바른 문제설정을 위해서는 속성들 간의 유기적 결합을 이끄는 관련성 인식이 매우 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 그러나 문제설정에 관한 다수의 연구는 이에 대하여 주목하지 못한 것으로 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 의미 분석이라는 활동을 추가하여 문제 속에 내재된 지식을 인식하여 올바른 문제를 설정할 수 있도록 도울 수 있는 문제설정 모형을 설계하고자 하였다. 그리고 의미 분석을 강조한 문제설정 모형을 하나의 예를 통해 구체화하여 보여주었으며, 이를 통해 모형의 의의를 살펴볼 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 학생들이 문제설정의 진정한 의미를 이해할 수 있는 기회를 갖게 되고, 능동적 학습자로 거듭날 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-33
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• 2007

Selecting and implementing competitive strategies based on e-business is extremely important since it determines if an enterprise can continue to grow or not. Accordingly, systematic and empirical study on the implementation of e-business based on competitive strategy is required, and in-depth studies considering various e-business development stages of enterprises are also needed. The purpose of this study is to present guideline for the staff in charge and managers of enterprises to achieve competitive advantage and to increase organizational performance in e-business environments. What we have found are as follows. (1) Factors greatly influencing on competitive strategy selection through e-business were environmental uncertainty, centralization, innovative culture, technological competence, and formalization. (2) Results of the relationship between competitive strategies and e-business performance showed that each strategy had different effects on financial performance, process performance, and customer performance. and (3) Data analysis between internal and external environmental factors and competitive strategy by each e-business development stage proved that the relationships between competitive strategy and e-business performance were different based on e-business development stage. Implications of the study and guidelines for the managers are provided in the paper.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.198-241
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• 2016

Aircraft carriers: are they national platforms to maximize national interest or just simply paper tigers to be little useful for states' development? To some states such as U.S., U.K, and France, aircraft carriers functioned as national assets which is indispensable to their interest. By contrast, Thailand's aircraft carrier was a dead platform which is useless to its national interest and India's ones were little used on the mission field. What is the mechanism leading to this difference? The key is whether states make aircraft carriers connected to overall national evolution when it comes to establishing military strategy and planning a long-term force structure. Put it another way, conditions to acquire them need to be analyzed regarding two variables-national status(prestige and economic power) and threat(mission)-for the future as well as in the present. The former acquired carriers under the condition of making them becoming national platforms which is balanced with their overall development. However, the latter simply bought them without carefully taking account of economic obstacles, e.g., the poverty rate, when it comes to force planning. At the same time, we should not neglect to identify that states of the former cases might have a hard time in maximizing their key interests if they did not have carriers. Accordingly, conditions on carriers' acquisition need to be carefully examined and a typological theory suggested here could shed light on this process. This theory shows that South Korea's status is eligible to have a necessary and sufficient condition to acquire carriers.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.181-193
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• 2004

This paper is concerned with the study of 'Knowledge Management', a paradigm of thought based on the idea that the future will be a knowledge-centered society. This paper also provides an overview of both 'what to manage' and 'how to manage' if an organization wants to develop in this environment. The process of 'Knowledge Management' begins with a decision. Presented with a myriad of information, of which we can't afford to obtain it all, what information is of value to the organization? Further, by systematically organizing not only the primary information but also that which was accumulated in the process, Knowledge Management is capable of suggesting a value-added plan of action. This research presents the necessary principles needed in order to successfully use Knowledge Management, specifically a harmony between the human and technological aspects. There cannot be a static solution to the problem, as the environment of the enterprise's problem is dynamic in nature. Throughout the process, the enterprise will constantly change its strategy and structure in order to adapt to variable knowledge, technology, strategy, regulations, consumer interest, etc... The essential constant of these problems is the importance of spending on education. Investments in educations help develope a infrastructure for Information Technology, the development of knowledge distribution strategies, and the creation of efficient Knowledge Management policy.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2020

Purpose - Against the backdrop of the recent intense political conflict in Korea's political circles, it is to reveal from an economic point of view the hidden aspects behind the hostile conflict between the two political forces. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is not a normative study to find a solution to political conflict, but a positive study to reveal the mechanism of reciprocity that exists between the two parties of conflict in real politics. Therefore, the analysis is based on game theory methodology. Findings - It is shown that the ruling party should choose a level of preemptive response that is neither insufficient nor excessive if it aims to avoid radical anti-government struggles by opposition parties. We also find that even if the chances of success of the opposition's radical offensive struggle are low, the use of that strategy is not necessarily reduced. In addition, we have obtained comparative static results that do not deviate much from our intuition. What's interesting is that unlike our intuition that the choice of the method will be indifferent if the marginal effects of radical and normal methods of struggle are the same, the opposition party rather chooses the normal method of struggle more often. Research implications or Originality - In forming the analytical model, it reflected the support of the general public following the opposition's struggle against the ruling party in order to capture real politics well in the conflict between the two opposing parties.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.232-260
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to open a debate about what kind of deterrent strategy the ROK military should pursue in the era of NK's weapons of mass destruction and missile threats. I argue that the ROK military needs a comprehensive deterrent strategy that reflects the international security situations and trends and that builds on clear understanding of the basic concepts and how deterrence operates. The paper starts with surveying the basic knowledge of deterrence from the perspectives of both theory and practice. Then, it provides explanations on why deterrence against NK can be particularly difficult given the security environment in and around the Korean peninsula. For example, South Korea and North Korea hardly share 'common knowledge' that serves as a basic element for the operation of deterrence. Deterrence against North Korea involves complex situations in that both deterrence and compellence strategies may be relevant particularly to North Korea's WMD and missile threats. It also involves both immediate and general deterrence. Based on the discussion, I suggest several ideas that may serve as guidelines for establishing a deterrent strategy against NK. First, our threats for deterrence should be the ones that can be realized, particularly in terms of the international norms. In other words, they must be considered appropriate among other nations in the international community. Second, there should be separate plans for the different kinds of threats: one is conventional, local provocations and the other is WMD/missile related provocations. Third, we should pursue much closer cooperative relations with the U.S. military to enhance the effectiveness of immediate deterrence in the Korean peninsula. Fourth, the ROK military should aim to accomplish 'smart deterrence' maximizing the benefits of technological superiority. Fifth, the ROK military readiness and structure should be able to deny emerging North Korean military threats such as the submarine-launched ballistic missiles and intercontinental ballistic missiles. Lastly, in executing threats, we should consider that the current action influences credibility and reputation of the ROK, which in turn affect the decisions for future provocations. North Korea's WMD/missile threats may soon become critical strategic-level threats to South Korea. In retrospect, the first debate on building a missile defense system in South Korea dates back to the 1980s. Mostly the debate has centered on whether or not South Korea's system should be integrated into the U.S. missile defense system. In the meantime, North Korea has become a small nuclear power that can threaten the United States with the ballistic missiles capability. If North Korea completes the SLBM program and loads the missiles on a submarine with improved underwater operation capability, then, South Korea may have to face the reality of power politics demonstrated by Thucydides through the Athenians: "The strong do what they have the power to do, the weak accept what they have to accept."

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2006

Sexual dysfunction is a relatively common adverse effect in the use of antidepressants. The sexual side effects may result in a lack of compliance with the prescribed antidepressants. The author reviewed the prevalence and updated treatment for the antidepressant-induced adverse effects focusing on sexual dysfunction. The incidence of sexual dysfunction is reported to exceed more than 50% especially with SSRIs. In order to obtain a quantified baseline and as an ongoing evaluation tool, clinicians may use some of the established questionnaires and validated instruments such as the Arizona Sexual Experience scale and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Clinicians should be aware that delayed ejaculation and orgasm, symptoms most frequently associated with antidepressants, are not usually associated with depression itself. Although many antidotes have been proposed, few have been subjected to double-blind trials. Some evidences have suggested that bupropion and buspiron may be the effective antidotes for SSRI induced sexual dysfunction. Additional trials will be requied to define what role, if any, bupropion and buspiron might have in the treatment of SSRI-induced sexual side effects. The available evidence is rather limited, with only small number of trials assessing each strategy. While further randomized data is awaited, for men with antidepressant induced erectile dysfunction, the addition of sidenafil or tadalafil may appear to be an effective strategy.