• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

Characteristics of Sn-1.7%Bi-0.7%Cu-0.6%In (hereafter, SBIC) lead-free solder was investigated in this study. The results from SBIC were compared to other lead-free solders such as Sn-3.5%Ag-0.7%Cu (hereafter, SAC), Sn-0.7%Cu (hereafter, SC), and lead-bearing Sn-37%Pb (hereafter, SP) alloy. Tensile properties of bulk solder, wettability, spreading index, bridge and dross were evaluated. As experimental results, tensile strength and elongation of SBIC was 62.5MPa and 21.5%, respectively. The tensile strength was comparable to that of SP solder. The wetting time of SBIC was 1.2 sec at $250^{\circ}C$, and its wetting properties including wetting force were as good as the SAC alloy. However, wettability of the SC was not so good as the SBIC and SAC. The spreading index of SBIC at $250^{\circ}C$ was 71 %, and it was similar level to those of SAC and SC solders. Bridging was not found for all solders of SBIC, SAC and SC in the range from 240 to $260^{\circ}C$. In dross test at $250^{\circ}C$ for an hour, the amount of dross produced from SBIC was about 57% compared to that from SAC.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 자동 흙-함수특성곡선 시험장치를 이용하여 새만금지역에서 채취한 준설토의 모관흡수력과 체적함수비를 측정하였다. 측정결과를 토대로 Van Genuchten(1980)의 방법을 이용하여 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)을 산정하였다. 동일한 유효포화도에서 건조과정의 모관흡수력은 습윤과정의 모관흡수력보다 크게 나타났다. Lu and Likos(2006)의 방법을 이용하여 모관흡수력에 따른 흡입응력을 산정하고, 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)의 불포화 관련계수를 토대로 흡입응력특성곡선(SSCC)을 예측하였다. 건조과정의 흡입응력은 유효포화도가 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 감소하지만 습윤과정의 흡입응력은 유효포화도가 증가함에 따라 지속적으로 감소한다. 또한 동일한 유효포화도에서 건조과정의 흡입응력은 습윤과정의 흡입응력보다 크게 나타났다. 한편 van Genuchten(1980)의 방법을 이용하여 투수계수함수(HCF)를 예측하였다. 체적함수비가 증가함에 따라 불포화 투수계수는 증가하며, 동일한 모관흡수력에서 건조과정의 투수계수가 습윤과정의 투수계수보다 크게 나타났다. 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)과 흡입응력특성곡선(SSCC)의 산정결과에 의하면 건조 및 습윤과정에서 흡입응력 혹은 모관흡수력에 대한 이력현상이 발생되었다. 이러한 이력현상은 흙입자 사이의 간극수로 인한 잉크병 효과에 의한 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2007

The effects of nonionic surfactants on detergency and water wetting/retention properties of soiled cotton cloths were reported. Two different soiled cloths were used. soiled cotton cloth 1 was made in the lab. with carbon black, tripalmitin, n-dodecane & palmitic acid on Korea Apparel Testing & Research Institute(KATRI) cotton testcloth and soiled cotton cloth 2(EMPA 101) was purchased from Testfabrics, Inc., USA. The following nonionic surfactants; l.e., Span 20, Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, & 85, were used in the study. The water retention ratio(W/H) values of soiled cotton cloths were decreased, whereas the water contact angle values of soiled cloth were not changed markedly compared with those of unsoiled testcloths. The wetting and water retention of soiled cotton cloth 1 was improved with addition of nonoinic surfactants. The surfactants which have more hydrophilic characterictics or unsaturated hydrophobe tails were effective in improving wetting and water retention properties of soiled cotton cloth 1. The water contact angle values of soiled cotton cloths were extremely low with Span 20, presumably due to the high adsorption density or the surfactant. The detergency of soiled cloths were low in Span 20 and high in Tween 20, 40, 60 & 80 0.1g/dl surfactant solutions. Nonionic surfactants having higher ethylene oxide contents resulted in better detergency. In the range studied, the wetting and water retention of soiled cotton cloths did not show any particular relation to the detergency, whereas the surfactant characteristics, especially HLB values, influenced the detergency of soiled cotton cloths.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2012

Accurate modeling rainfall induced landslide and slope stability requires a detailed knowledge of the distribution of material strength characteristics and suction distribution. However, material properties obtained from the drying cycle are still used for infiltration analysis in many cases, even though material properties of wetting cycle are quite different from those of drying cycle due to hydraulic hysteresis and air occlusion. Therefore, the selection of proper material properties such as soil-water retention curve (SWRC) and the hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) reflecting characteristics of wetting cycle and air occlusion is an essential prerequisite in order to simulate the infiltration phenomena and to predict the suction and water content distribution in unsaturated soils. It is concluded that the simulation of infiltration with material properties from the drying cycle did not reasonably match with experimental outputs. Further discussion is made on how to describe the material properties considering air occlusion during wetting cycle over the entire suction range in order to simulate infiltration phenomena.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1997년도 추계총회 및 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.344-348
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• 1997

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2003

Nanotribological characteristics between a Si$_3$N$_4$ AFM tip and hydrophobic thin films were experimentally studied. Tests were performed to measure the nano adhesion and friction in both AFM (atomic force microscope) and LFM (lateral force microscope) modes in various .ranges of normal load. Plasma-modified thin polymeric films were deposited on Si-wafer (100). Results showed that wetting angle of plasma-modified thin polymeric film increased with the treating time, which resulted in the hydrophobic surface and the decrease of adhesion and friction. Nanotribological characteristics of these surfaces were compared with those of other hydrophobic surfaces, such as DLC, OTS and IBAD-Ag coated surfaces. Those of OTS coated surface were superior to those of others, though wetting angle of plasma-modified thin polymeric film is higher.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

강우에 의한 지질 매질 내에서의 침투수 거동 및 함수비 특성은 매질이 가지는 고유 유전율 반응 특성으로부터 파악 할 수 있다. 침투수에 의한 침윤선은 매질의 유효공극을 통해 중력방향으로 불투수층 상단부까지 침투가 진행되면서 최종적으로 사면 변위를 발생시킨다. 본 연구는 침윤선 거동 특성을 파악하기 위해 물의 비중과 동일하게 제작된 에탄올 혼합 추적자를 이용하여 연직침투시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 유전율 혼합모델과 추적자모델을 제안하였으며, 이들 모델을 적용하여 침윤선의 거동을 지배하는 매질의 유효공극률을 산정하였다. 유효공극률은 매질의 공극을 통해 추적자의 침투 특성을 나타내는 침윤선 및 체적함수비의 변화를 실시간 유전율 변화 양상으로부터 파악하였다. 유전율 측정법을 적용해 강우에 의해 발생되는 침투수 거동에 의한 침윤선 및 체적함수비 변화로부터 사면의 안정성 평가를 위한 실시간 모니터링 기법으로의 활용에 있어 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 다공성 실리카를 사용하여 시멘트계 고화재의 유해성을 개선한 경화토의 기후변화에 대한 강도특성을 규명하기 위하여 습윤건조 반복시험을 수행하여 경화토가 기후영향을 받기 전과 후의 강도특성을 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용된 경화토는 주위에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 화강풍화토 및 우드칩을 사용하였으며, 일축압축시험을 위한 공시체는 지름 50 mm, 높이 100 mm의 크기로 혼합토 중량대비 실리카의 혼합비율을 5 %, 10 %, 15 %로 변화시키고 각 단계별로 우드칩을 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % 혼합하여 제작하고 7, 14, 28일 동안 상온으로 양생시킨 후 습윤건조 반복과정을 0, 3, 6, 12 cycle을 반복하여 역학적인 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 습윤건조 전후의 상대동탄성계수 변화를 평가하기 위하여 각 사이클이 종료되면 동탄성시험을 수행하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2023

This study presents a molecular simulation of adhesion control between carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ag thin film deposited on silicon substrate. Rough and flat Ag thin film models were prepared to investigate the effect of surface roughness on adhesion force. Heat treatment was applied to the models to modify the adhesion characteristics of the Ag/CNT interface based on thermal wetting. Simulation results showed that the heat treatment altered the Ag thin film morphology by thermal wetting, causing an increase in contact area of Ag/CNT interface and the adhesion force for both the flat and rough models changed. Despite the increase in contact area, the adhesion force of flat Ag/CNT interface decreased after the heat treatment because of plastic deformation of the Ag thin film. The result suggests that internal stress of the CNT induced by the substrate deformation contributes in reduction of adhesion. Contrarily, heat treatment to the rough model increases adhesion force because of the expanded contact area. The contact area is speculated to be more influential to the adhesion force rather than the internal stress of the CNT on the rough Ag thin film, because the CNT on the rough model contains internal stress regardless of the heat treatment. Therefore, as demonstrated by simulation results, the heat treatment can prevent delamination or wear of CNT coating on a rough metallic substrate by thermal wetting phenomena.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1998년도 제28회 추계학술대회
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• pp.49-58
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• 1998

An experimental study was performed to discover the effect of adsorbed moisture on the rolling resistance behavior of pure silver coated 52100 bearing steel. Plasma surface modifications were performed on the silver coated specimen to change the wetting characteristics. Experiments using a thrust ball beating-typed roiling test-rig were performed under vacuum, dry air and various tmmidity conditions. Results showed that the changes in the wetting characteristics influenced remarkably on the silver particle agglomeration and resulted in the different behavior of rolling resistance with humidity.