• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wetting agents

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A Study on the Development of Fire Extinguishing Agent and Extinguishing System for ESS Fire (ESS 화재전용 소화약제 및 소화시스템 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yeon-Ho;Lee, Joo-Hyung;Kim, Soo-Jin;Chon, Sung-Ho;Choi, Byoung-Chul;Oh, Seung-Ju;Kim, Si-Kuk
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.147-155
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    • 2020
  • This paper presents a study on the development of a fire extinguishing agent and extinguishing system for an energy storage system (ESS) fire. The fire extinguishing agent designed to extinguish an ESS fire is a highly permeable fire extinguisher that reduces the surface tension and viscosity while bringing about cooling action. This is the main extinguishing effect of this type of wetting agent, which displays the characteristics of fire extinguishing agents used for penetrating the battery cells inside the ESS module. For the fire extinguishing system, a local application system was designed to suppress fire on a rack-by-rack basis. A 360° rotating nozzle was inserted into the rear hall of the ESS module, and general nozzles were installed in the rack to maximize the fire extinguishing effect. The fire extinguishing agent was strongly discharged by virtue of the gas release pressure. Experiments on fire suppression performance with ESS module 1 unit and module 3 units showed that all visible flames were extinguished in 8 s and 9 s, respectively, by the fire extinguishing agent. In addition, based on confirming reignition for 600 s after the fire extinguishing agent was exhausted, it was confirmed that the ESS fire was completely extinguished without reignition in all fire suppression performance experiments.

Experimental Study on Moisture Content According to Addition of Surfactants (계면활성제 첨가에 따른 함수율에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Kyun;Rie, Dong-Ho
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.79-83
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    • 2015
  • The fire accident is a representative type of disaster that can largely impact on business. Therefore, precautionary measures and rapid initial response is very important when a disaster occurs. The storage of porous combustibles is inevitable in coal yard, plywood processing industry, and others that are currently operating. Initial fire fighting of fire and identifying the ignition point in such a porous combustible storage space are so difficult that if the initial response is failed, being led to deep-seated fire, surface fire is likely to result in secondary damage. In addition, deep-seated fire can cause personal injuries and property damage due to a large amount of toxic gases and reignition. Therefore damage reduction measures is required around the storage space to handle a porous flammable. Improving the penetration performance of the concentration of the surfactant is carried out as underlying study, which is about an deep-seated fire extinguishing efficiency augmentation when using wetting agents. The porous materials used in the experiments is radiata pine wood flour, which occupies more than 75% of the domestic wood market. Fire fighting water is selected as Butyl Di Glycol (BDG), which is being used for infiltration extinguishing agent, and the experiment was carried out by producing a standard solution. The experiment was carried out on the basis of the Deep-Seated Fire Test of NFPA 18. The amount of watering, porous material to the internal amount of penetration, and runoff measurement out of the porous material was conducted. According to experimental results, as the surface tension is reduced, the surfactant concentration macroscopic penetration rate decreases, but infiltration to a porous material is shown to have growth characteristics.

Effect of Surfactant and Anti-foaming Agent on the Properties of Silicone Rubber Impression Material (계면활성제와 소포제가 실리콘 고무인상재의 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Nam;Cho, Lee-Ra;Oh, Young-Il;Kang, Seung-Kyung;Chung, Kyung-Ho
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.102-110
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    • 2001
  • The three types of surfactants such as nonylphenoxy poly(ethylene) ethanol homologues, caster oil poly(ethylene) ethanol homologues, and sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylates are used to improve the wettability of rubber impression material. Among the surfactants, the usage of sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylates containing fluoro group resulted in the lowest surface energy of impression material and the result gave the positive effect on the wettability of rubber impression material to teeth. Also, the anti-foaming agents were used to reduce or remove the hydrogen gas generating on the impression material by reaction. In the case of rubber impression material containing sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylate as a surfactant, it was found that the tear strength of rubber impression material increased over 3 N/mm with the addition of anti-forming agent. Therefore, the anti-foaming agent could contribute to the mechanical property of rubber impression material without the change of surface property.

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Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper-silver Core-shell Particles for Conductive Paste Application (초음파를 이용한 구리-은 코어-쉘의 합성 및 전도성 페이스트 적용)

  • Sim, Sang-Bo;Han, Jong-Dae
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.782-788
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    • 2018
  • Submicron copper-silver core-shell (Cu@Ag) particles were synthesized using the sonochemical combined transmetallation reaction and the application to printed electronics as a low cost conductive paste was evaluated. $Cu_2O$ of the $Cu_2O/Cu$ composite used as a core in the reaction for the synthesis of core-shell was sonochemically reduced to Cu, and Cu atoms functioned as a reducer for silver ions in transmetallation to achieve the copper-silver core-shell structure. The characterization of submicron particles by TEM-EDS and TG-DSC confirmed the core-shell structure. Conductive pastes in which 70 wt% Cu@Ag was dispersed in solvents were prepared using a binder and wetting agents, and coated on the polyamide film using a screen-printing method. Printed paste films containing synthesized Cu@Ag particles with 8 at% and 16 at% Ag exhibited low resistivity of 96.2 and $38.4{\mu}{\Omega}cm$ after sintering at $180^{\circ}C$ in air, respectively.

Biosurfactant as a microbial pesticide

  • Lee, Baek-Seok;Choi, Sung-Won;Choi, Ki-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Eun-Ki
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2003
  • Soil-borne infectious disease including Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani causes severe damage to plants, such as cucumber. This soil-borne infectious disease was not controlled effectively by chemical pesticide. Since these diseases spread through the soil, chemical agents are usually ineffective. Instead, biological control, including antagonistic microbe can be used as a preferred control method. An efficient method was developed to select an antagonistic strain to be used as a biological control agent strain. In this new method, surface tension reduction potential of an isolate was included in the ‘decision factor’ in addition to the other factors, such as growth rate, and pathogen inhibition rate. Considering these 3 decision factors by a statistical method, an isolate from soil was selected and was identified as Bacillus sp. GB16. In the pot test, this strain showed the best performance among the isolated strains. The lowest disease incidence rate and fastest seed growth was observed when Bacillus sp. GB16 was used. Therefore this strain was considered as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The action of surface tension reducing component was deduced as the enhancement of wetting, spreading, and residing of antagonistic strain in the rhizosphere. This result showed that new selection method was significantly effective in selecting the best antagonistic strain for biological control of soil-borne infectious plant pathogen. The antifungal substances against P. aphanidermatum and R. solani were partially purified from the culture filtrates of Bacillus sp. GB16. In this study, lipopeptide possessing antifungal activity was isolated from Bacillus sp. GB16 cultures by various purification procedures and was identified as a surfactin-like lipopeptide based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS), and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) ESI-MS/MS data. The lipopeptide, named GB16-BS, completely inhibited the growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., and Botrytis cineria at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L, respectively. A novel method to prevent the foaming and to provide oxygen was developed. During the production of surface active agent, such as lipopeptide (surfactin), large amount of foam was produced by aeration. This resulted in the carryover of cells to the outside of the fermentor, which leads to the significant loss of cells. Instead of using cell-toxic antifoaming agents, low amount of hydrogen peroxide was added. Catalase produced by cells converted hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Also addition of corn oil as an oxygen vector as well as antifoaming agent was attempted. In addition, Ca-stearate, a metal soap, was added to enhance the antifoam activity of com oil. These methods could prevent the foaming significantly and maintained high dissolved oxygen in spite of lower aeration and agitation. Using these methods, high cell density, could be achieved with increased lipopeptide productivity. In conclusion to produce an effective biological control agent for soil-borne infectious disease, following strategies were attempted i) effective screening of antagonist by including surface tension as an important decision factor ii) identification of antifungal compound produced from the isolated strain iii) novel oxygenation by $H_2O_2-catalase$ with vegetable oil for antifungal lipopeptide production.

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Soybean Oil-degrading Bacterial Cultures as a Potential for Control of Green Peach Aphids (Myzus persicae)

  • Kim, Seul-Ki;Kim, Seo-Ri;Choi, Min-Seok;Park, Chang-Eon;Kim, Young-Cheol;Kim, Kil-Yong;Whang, Kyung-Sook;Oh, Kyung-Taek;Kim, In-Seon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.1700-1703
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    • 2007
  • Microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil were isolated and grown in soybean oil as a sole carbon source. The microbial cultures were used to control green peach aphids in vitro. Approximately 60% mortality of aphids was observed when the cultures were applied alone onto aphids. To examine the cultures as a pesticide formulation mixture, the cultures were combined with a low dose of the insecticide imidacloprid (one-fourth dose of recommended field-application rate) and applied onto aphids. The cultures enhanced significantly the insecticidal effectiveness of imidacloprid, which was higher than imidacloprid alone applied at the low dose. The isolated microorganisms exhibited high emulsifying index values and decreased surface tension values after being grown in soybean oil media. GC/MS analyses showed that microorganisms degraded soybean oil to fatty acids. The cultures were suggested to play the roles of wetting, spreading, and sticking agents to improve the effectiveness of imidacloprid. This is the first report on the control of aphids by using oil-degrading microbial cultures.

Influence of Wetting Agents on Physical Properties of Soft Contact Lens (친수성 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 물리적 특성에 미치는 습윤성 재료의 영향)

  • Lee, Min-Jae;Sung, A-Young;Kim, Tae-Hun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The physical and optical characteristics of hydrophilic contact lens polymerized with addition of glycerin and PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) in the basic hydrogel contact lens material were evaluated. Methods: This study used glycerin and PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) with the cross-linker EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) for copolymerization. Results: Measurements of the physical characteristics of the copolymerized material including PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) showed the refractive index of 1.4382~1.4288, tensile strength of 0.3446~2542 kgf and water content and contact angle of sample showed the increase of 13.49% and decrease of 21.44% independently. And also, the physical characteristics of the copolymerized material including glycerin showed the refractive index of 1.4330~1.4328, tensile strength of 0.2974~0.2854 kgf, water content 35.58~36.53% and contact angle of sample showed the decrease of 37.64%. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the produced copolymers is suitable for conventional lens with high wettability. Also, glycerin minimized the changes of water content and refractive index at the same time, increased the wettability of the hydrogel lens materials.