• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

To understand the initial changes in the microbial activities of wetland soil after construction, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and denitrification potential (DNP) of soil from 1 natural wetland and 2 newly constructed wetlands were monitored. Soil samples were collected from the Daepyung marsh as a natural wetland, a treatment wetland in the West Nakdong River, and an experimental wetland in the Pukyong National University, Busan. The results showed that the DHA of the natural wetland soil was 6.1 times higher than that of the experimental wetland and similar to that of the treatment wetland 6 months after wetland construction (fall). Few differences were observed in the DNP between the soil samples from the natural wetland and 2 constructed wetlands four months after wetland construction (summer). However, 6 months after the construction (fall), the DNP of the soil samples from the natural wetland was 12.9 times and 1.8 times higher than that of the experimental wetland and the treatment wetland, respectively. These results suggested that the presence of organic matter as a carbon source in the wetland soil affects the DHA of wetland soil. Seasonal variation of wetland environment, acclimation time under anaerobic or anoxic wetland conditions, and the presence of carbon source also affect the DNP of the wetland soil. The results imply that the newly constructed wetland requires some period of time for having the better contaminant removal performance through biogeochemical processes. Therefore, those microbial activities and related indicators could be considered for wetland management such as operation and performance monitoring of wetlands.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.187-187
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• 2018

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.754-759
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• 2007

Methodology of ontology building based on Web resources will not only reduce significantly the ontology construction period, but also enhance the quality of the ontology. Remarkable progress has been achieved in this regard, but they encounter similar difficulties, such as the Web data extraction and knowledge acquisition. This paper researches on the characteristics of ontology construction data, including dynamics, largeness, variation and openness and other features, and the fundamental issue of ontology construction - formalized representation method. Then, the key technologies used in and the difficulties with ontology construction are summarized. A software Model-OntoMaker (Ontology Maker) is designed. The model is innovative in two regards: (1) the improvement of generality: the meta learning machine will dynamically pick appropriate ontology learning methodologies for data of different domains, thus optimizing the results; (2) the merged processing of (semi-) structural and non-structural data. In addition, as known to all wetland researchers, information sharing is vital to wetland exploitation and protection, while wetland ontology construction is the basic task for information sharing. OntoMaker constructs the wetland ontologies, and the model in this work can also be referred to other environmental domains.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.2101-2106
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• 2014

The urban wetland park is an indispensable part of an ecological city. It has aroused widespread attention and even quickly planning and construction around the country. But, in terms of the nature of the urban wetland park, there is a contradiction between the protection of urban wetland resources and the openness of the urban park for public. This article starts with the necessity for construction of urban wetland park, more over expound the existent problems between the protection and openness of the urban wetland park and to propose appropriate measures through the case study on Nanhu National Urban Wetland Park, Tangshan.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2009

Wetland plants are an important component for wetland design and construction because they determine functions of wetlands through interactions with the abiotic environment such as wetland soil and hydrology as well as with other wetland organisms. In this study, germination experiments with soils from a natural wetland that contain seeds of wetland plants were conducted in wetland mesocosms to investigate the applicability of natural wetland soils for introducing and establishing wetland plants into constructed wetlands. Seven species were germinated in the experiment, with two new species that were not found in the field survey of wetland plants in the West Nakdong River area, Korea. The number of plant individuals germinated in submerged conditions (15 individuals) was much greater than that in waterlogged conditions (2 individuals). In experiments in which soils from a natural wetland and a wetland construction site were mixed at different ratios, the largest number of plant individuals was observed in the condition with 100% natural wetland soil. The highest growth was observed at 50% natural wetland soil for Hydrilla verticillata and 100% for Ceratophyllum demersum. These results suggest that 1:1 mixture of soils from natural wetland wetlands and wetland construction sites would provide an appropriate condition for secure establishment of submerged plants in constructed wetlands.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

The wetland is a biologically integrated system consisting of water, soil, bacteria, plants, and animals. The wetland helps sustain the ecosystem, control the micro-climate and flood, maintain the ground water level, and provide fishing grounds. From the environmental standpoint, the wetland plays a vital role in reducing water pollution by filtering out sand and other polluted matters, producing oxygen, absorbing chemicals and nutrients. For these reasons, interest in restoring the wetlands has been steadily increasing. Artificial wetland, which is also referred to as created wetland or constructed wetland, is an alternative to natural wetland. Like natural wetland, artificial wetland is environmentally friendly and can effectively lower pollutant levels. The Korea government is actively reviewing the construction of artificial wetlands in mining and water supply areas to decrease nonpoint pollutant sources. This paper attempts to develop a pollutant removal model for the water quality improvement function of artificial wetlands. Artificial wetland can improve the quality of the water; however, depending on the type of water inflow, vegetation and hydrology, its effect can be different.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

The channel improvement plan has contributed to the flood damage reduction studies and the plan has mainly performed by the levee construction which creates the cut river. The cut river has mainly used as the agricultural and housing purposes. Recently, however, it is considered as a natural wetland for the purposes of a flood control and preservation of nature. So, this study compares the economical benefits according to the purposes of the cut river utilizations such as an agricultural, levee construction for flood damage reduction, and wetland. The study area is the downstream part of Kok-Neung stream which is a main tributary of Han river. The agricultural and levee construction benefits are estimated based on the 'Agricultural and Forestry Statistical Year' (2000) and the 'Standard for River Design' (2001). The benefit or value for the wetland utilization of the cut river is estimated by the enquete using questionnaire. As a results, for the case of which the cut river is used as an agricultural land, the present net benefit is estimated as 195.81 million won, for the levee construction, as 20853.00 million won and for the wetland, as 24692.89 million won. Therefore, the wetland is the best choice for the cut river utilization.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in wetland constructions in Korea as a flood control measure during the flood season and for consideration of the ecology during the non-flood season. In this study, hydraulic and hydrologic analyses were performed on a wetland construction plan for use as an alternative sustainable flood defense during the flood season, as well as a wetland that can protect the ecosystem during the non-flood season. The study area was the basin of the Topyeong-cheon stream, which is a tributary of the Nakdong River, including the Upo wetland, which is registered in the Ramsar Convention and the largest inland wetland in Korea. Wetlands were to be constructed at upstream and downstream of the Upo wetland by considering and analyzing seven scenarios for their constructions to investigate the effect of flood control during the flood season; it was found the best scenario reduced the flood level by 0.56 m. To evaluate the usefulness of the constructed wetlands during the non flood season, the water balance in the wetlands was analyzed, with the best scenario found to maintain a minimum water level of 1.3 m throughout the year. Therefore, the constructed wetlands could provide an alternative measure for flood prevention as well as an ecosystem for biodiversity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.87-97
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• 2005

The field scale experiment was performed to examine the effect of physical design parameters on the constructed wetland performance and recommend the feasible design of constructed wetland in Korean polder areas. Four sets (each set of 0.85 ha) of wetland (0.8 ha) and pond (0.08 ha) systems were used. Two different wetland systems, a wetland-pond system and a pond-wetland system, were studied to examine the effect of wetland and pond configuration. And two different length-to-width ratios were used, 2: 1 and 0.8: 1, to examine the effect of aspect ratio. A pond-wetland system was more preferable than a wetland-pond system, and also requires a smaller area than a wetland-pond system or a wetland system to reduce T-P. There was no difference in effluent concentration between the 2:1 system and the 0.8:1 system. Although the linear velocity of the 2:1 aspect was higher than the 0.8:1 aspect, resuspension was not a factor in this study due to a very low linear velocity. From this study and other literature review, it was found that design method of paddy rice field could be applied and expanded to the design of constructed wetland in Korea. Further investigation for the detailed design parameters of constructed wetland needs be continued for design method of paddy rice to be applied in full scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.117-131
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• 2010

This study was conducted to utilize as basic information for the construction of conservation and estimation system for Palustrine wetland, which was badly managed and imprudently reclaimed, through the analysis of distribution characteristics and the estimation of conservation value for sample sites (eight wetlands) in rural area. As the result of wetland type classification, these wetlands was classified by 4 types (Permanent freshwater marshes/pools, ponds, Aquaculture ponds, and Seasonally flooded agricultural land) by Ramsar system, 3 types (Emergent Wetland, Aquatic Bed, and Scrub-Shrub Wetland) by NWI (Cowardin) System, 5 types (Farm Pond Depression, Under-flow wetland, Man-made Pond Depression, Abandoned Paddy Fields Wetland, and Reservoir Shore) by National Wetland's Categorical System, and 3 types (Aquatic Bed Wetland, Emergent Wetland, and Forested Wetland) by Lee (2000) System. These results suggest us developing the new type classification system for small Palustrine wetland in Korean rural areas. The score of function assessment (The Modified RAM) for small Palustrine wetlands was high at the wetlands nearby hills and rice paddy fields, and low at those nearby upper fields, which was mainly affected by land-use and vegetation. The functions as 'Flood/Storm Water Storage', 'Runoff Attenuation', 'Water Quality Protection' were resulted by the structural difference of inflow and outlet. Some functions as 'Wetland size', 'Wetland to immediate watershed ratio', 'Presence of boat traffic', 'Maximum water depth', 'Fetch of water's body' of RAM were not appropriate in evaluation of small wetlands in rural area. Which suggest us developing the new function assessment system for small Palustirne wetland in Korean rural areas.