• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2021

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic arbovirus, has been detected in mosquitos, birds, wildlife, horses, and humans in Malaysia, but limited information is available on WNV infection in Malaysian pigs. We tested 80 archived swine serum samples for the presence of WNV antibody and West Nile (WN) viral RNA using ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and WNV-specific primers in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. A WNV seroprevalence of 62.5% (50/80) at 95% confidence interval (51.6%-72.3%) was recorded, with a significantly higher seroprevalence among young pigs (weaner and grower) and pigs from south Malaysia. One sample was positive for Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies; WN viral RNA was not detected in any of the serum samples.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.42-44
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• 2013

• 한국가축위생학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가축위생학회 2000년도 추계학술 심포지엄
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• pp.401-413
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• 2000

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2005년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.229-230
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• 2005

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제52호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2017

2015년 대한민국은 중동호흡기증후군(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MERS; 메르스) 유행으로 큰 사회적 문제를 겪었다. 한국 정부는 그 대처 과정에서 한국정부의 재난대응체제의 문제점을 드러내며 많은 비판을 받은 바 있다. 국가위기관리와 감염병 대응체계와 관련하여 이와 비근한 외국의 사례로 1999년부터 시작된 미국의 웨스트 나일 바이러스(West Nile Virus; WNV) 사태가 있다. 이때 미 오리건(Oregon) 주(州)는 주정부와 지방 정부 및 관련 기관들 간의 긴밀한 협업을 통해 효과적으로 WNV 사태에 대처하여 위기관리의 모범적인 사례로 간주되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 한국의 메르스 사태와 미국 오리건 주의 웨스트 나일 바이러스 사태의 사례들을 정리 비교하여 정부간 조직간 협업과 정보공유를 중심으로 국가위기 관리 및 감염병 대응체계에 대한 함의점을 찾고자 하였다. 사례비교의 결과 컨트롤 타워의 역할, 정보공유 및 공개의 중요성, 기존 시스템과 사회 네트워크의 활용, 지속가능한 정부간 협업이라는 네 가지 함의점을 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.118-120
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• 2002

Genetic materials including DNA plasmid are effective delivery vehicle to express interesting gene efficiently and safely not to generate replication competent virus. Moreover, it has advantages to design a better vector and to simplify manufacturing and storage condition. To understand a possible pathogenic mechanism by a flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), WNV genome sequence was aligned to other pathogenic viral genome. Interestingly, WNV capsid (Cp) amino acid sequence has some homology to HIV-l Vpr protein. These proteins induce apoptosis in human cell lines as well as in vivo and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, DNA plasmid carrying apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arresting viral proteins including a HIV-1 Vpr and a WNV Cp protein can be useful for anti-cancer therapeutic applications. This WNV Cp protein is an early expressed protein which can be a reasonable target antigen (Ag) for vaccine design. Immunization of a DNA construct encoding WNV Cp protein induces a strong Ag-specific humoral and Th1-type immune responses in animal. Therefore, DNA plasmid encoding apoptotic viral proteins can be useful tool for therapeutic and prophylactic applications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2012

Acute viral encephalitis caused by neurotrophic viruses, such as mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is an emerging and re-emerging disease that represents an immense global health problem. Considerable progression has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, but the immune-pathological processes occurring during the progression of encephalitis and the roles played by various molecules and cellular components of the innate and adaptive systems still remain undefined. Recent findings reveal the significant contribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and regulatory $CD4^+$ T cells in the outcomes of infectious diseases caused by neurotrophic viruses. In this review, we discuss the ample evidence focused on the roles of TLRs and $CD4^+$ helper T cell subsets on the progression of acute viral encephalitis. Finally, we draw attention to the importance of these molecules and cellular components in defining the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, thereby providing new therapeutic avenues for this disease.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2013

Many insects such as mosquitoes cause life-threatening diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and West Nile virus. Malaria alone infects 500 million people annually and causes 1-3 million death per year. Volatile insect repellents, which are detected through the sense of smell, have long been used to protect humans against insect pests. Antifeed-ants are non-volatile aversive compounds that are detected through the sense of taste and prevent insects from feeding on plants. The molecular targets and signaling path-ways required for sensing insect repellents and antifeedants are poorly understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ca2+-permeable cation channels exist in organisms ranging from C. elegans to D. melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Drosophila has 13 family members, which mainly function in sensory physiology such as vision, thermotaxis and chemotaxis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate olfactory signaling cascades in mammals and in nematodes C.elegans. However, the mechanisms of G protein signaling cascades in insect chemosensation are controversial. In this review, I will discuss the putative roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as targets for insect repellents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) is involved in various cellular mechanisms including development in Drosophila and mouse, cell cycle control and signal transduction pathways. Recent studies also determined that Jab1 functions as a nuclear exporter and inducer of cytoplasmic degradation for several proteins including p53, p27, capsid of West Nile virus, and Smad4/7 proteins. In particular, p53 is shown to bind to and to be exported into the cytoplasm by Jab1, which helps to maintain low levels of p53 under normal conditions. This review was undertaken in an effort to understand the biological significance of the homeostasis of p53 as maintained in the presence of Jab1. Based on our observations, we have provided potential mechanistic hypotheses for the nuclear export of p53 in coordination with Jab1 and the role of other factors in these processes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.