• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2012

본 연구는 프랜차이즈 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 관계에 주안점을 두고, 가맹본부와 가맹점사업자의 특성이 신뢰와 몰입과 같은 양자간의 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 이러한 신뢰와 몰입이 재계약의도가 포함된 가맹점의 만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 현재와 같이 시장의 불확실성이 높은 상황에서 시장 불확실성 요인이 가맹본부 및 가맹점 사업자의 특성과 신뢰 및 몰입과의 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인지에 대해서도 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과 가맹본부의 특성 가운데 가맹본부의 표준화관리는 가맹본부에 대한 가맹점의 신뢰와 몰입을 저해시키는 것으로 나타났고, 가맹본부의 지원은 가맹점의 신뢰와 몰입을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 가맹본부의 가맹점에 대한 통제와 인센티브 정책은 가맹본부에 대한 가맹점의 신뢰 및 몰입에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 가맹점사업자의 특성 가운데는 가맹점의 건전한 재무상태와 기업가 정신이 가맹본부에 대한 신뢰와 몰입을 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 가맹점사업자의 우수한 사업능력은 오히려 가맹본부에 대한 몰입을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 가맹본부에 대한 신뢰와 몰입은 가맹본부에 대한 만족을 높여주어 재계약의도를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 시장 불확실성에 따라 가맹점사업자의 특성이 본부에 대한 신뢰와 몰입에 미치는 효과가 차이가 있을 것으로 생각하였으나, 불확실성의 인식정도에 따라 가맹점 사업자의 특성이 미치는 효과는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 가맹본부가 지속적으로 성장 발전하기 위해서 가맹점에게 시설투자나 마케팅 비용부담을 전가하여 가맹점으로부터 수익을 강제적으로 얻으려 하기 보다는 가맹점의 영업활동이 잘 될 수 있도록 가맹본부가 가맹점을 적극적으로 지원을 해줌으로써 가맹점의 수익이 가맹본부의 수익으로 연결될 수 있게 하는 것이 양자의 발전을 위해 더욱 바람직한 방향임을 보여주는 결과라 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2010

본고에서는 일본 중견기업의 위상, 특징, 관련 정책을 검토함으로써 우리나라에서의 중견기업 정책의 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 일본의 경쟁우위업종인 기계, 전자부품업의 출하와 고용비중은 여타 업종보다 높아, 그 저변에 두터운 중견기업이 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 일본의 중견기업 육성정책은 연구개발과 환경대책을 위한 기업간 제휴 유도라는 측면에서 간접적으로 지원하고 있다. 우리나라도 특정 정책사업에 있어서 기업간 협력 유도를 통하여 중견기업을 육성할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-38
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• 1972

우리나라 답토양(畓土壤)에 대(對)한 토지(土地)의 합리적(合理的) 이용(利用), 토지기반조성(土地基盤造成) 및 생산성 향상(向上) 그리고 토양(土壤)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究)의 방향(方向)을 뒷받침하기 위(爲)하여 김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)에 분포(分布)하고 있는 답토양(畓土壤)에 대(對)한 형태(形態) 및 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性) 그리고 그와 수도수량(水稻收量)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하고 이를 기초(基礎)로 하여 답토양(沓土壤)의 분류법(分類法)과 적성등급구분(適性等級區分)을 시안(試案)하였는 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 답토양(畓土壤)의 형태(形態), 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性) 및 그와 수도수량(水稻收量)과의 관계(關係) 김제(金堤) 만경평야(萬頃平野)에 분포(分布)하고 있는 15개(個) 답토양통(畓土壤統)에 대(對)하여 이들 토양(土壤)의 형태(形態), 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)을 보면 다음과 같다. 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 발달정도(發達程度)를 보면 공덕(孔德), 김제(金堤), 만경(萬頃), 백구(白鷗), 봉남(鳳南), 부용(芙蓉), 수암(水岩), 전북(全北), 지산(芝山) 및 호남통(湖南統)는 B(Cambic B)층(層)이 있고 극락(極樂)과 화동통(華東統)은 Bt(Argillic B)층(層)이 있으나 광활(廣活), 신답(新踏) 및 화계통(華溪統)에는 B층(層) 혹(或)은 Bt층(層)이 없다. 특(特)히 공덕(孔德) 및 봉남통(鳳南統)은 흑니층(黑尼層)이 심토(心土) 하부(下部)에 개재(介在)되여 있다. 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 토색(土色)을 보면 공덕(孔德), 광활(廣活), 백구(白鷗) 및 신답통(新踏統)은 대체(大體)로 청회색(靑灰色), 암회색(暗灰色)을 띄우고 김제(金堤), 만경(萬頃), 봉남(鳳南), 부용(芙蓉), 수암(水岩), 전북(全北), 지산(芝山) 및 호남통(湖南統)은 회색(灰色), 회갈색(灰褐色)을 띠우며 극락(極樂), 화계(華溪) 및 화동통(華東統)은 표토(表土) 및 표토하부(表土下部)의 회색(灰色)을 제외(除外)하고 황갈색(黃褐色), 갈색(褐色)을 띠운다. 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 토성(土性)을 보면 공덕(孔德), 극락(極樂), 김제(金堤), 봉남부용(鳳南芙蓉), 호남(湖南) 및 화동통(華東統)은 식질(埴質)이고 백구(白鷗), 전북(全北) 및 지산통(芝山統)은 식양질(埴壤質) 혹은 미사식양질(微砂埴壤質)이며 광활(廣活), 만경(萬頃) 및 수암통(水岩統)은 미사사양질(微砂砂壤質) 그리고 신답(新踏) 및 화계통(華溪統)은 사질(砂質) 혹은 석력사질(石礫砂質)이다. 표토(表土)의 탄소함량(炭素含量)은 0.29%~2.18% 범위(範圍)에 있으나 1.0~2.0%인 것이 많으며 표토(表土)의 전질소함량(全窒素含量)은 0.03%~0.24% 범위(範圍)에 있다. 이들은 심토(心土) 혹은 기층(基層)으로 갈수록 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이나 불규칙적(不規則的)이다. 표토(表土)의 탄질비(炭窒比)는 4.6~15.5 범위(範圍)인데 8~10인 것이 많으며 심토(心土) 및 기층(基層)에서는 표토(表土)에 비(比)하여 그 범위(範圍)가 커서 3.0~20.25이다. 토양반응(土壤反應)은 pH4.5~8.0 범위(範圍)에 있으나 광활(廣活) 및 만경통(萬頃統)을 제외(除外)하고는 모두 산성(酸性)이다. 염기치환용량(鹽基置換容量)은 표토(表土)에서는 5~13 me/100g 범위(範圍)이며 심토(心土) 및 기층(基層)에서는 사질토양(砂質土壤)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 10~20 me/100g 범위(範圍)에 있다. 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)는 공덕(孔德) 및 백구통(白鷗統)을 제외(除外)하고는 모두 60% 이상(以上)이다. 표토(表土)의 활성철함량(活性鐵含量)은 0.45~1.81% 범위(範圍)이고 역환원성(易還元性)망간은 15~148ppm 범위(範圍)이며 유효규산은 36~366ppm 범위(範圍)에 있다. 이들 3성분(成分)의 용탈(溶脫) 및 집적(集積)은 토양배수(土壤排水), 토성조건(土性條件)에 따라 다르지만 대체(大體)로 10~70cm 범위(範圍)에 집적(集積)하고 있으나 규산(珪酸)은 경우(境遇)에 따라 철(鐵), 망간 보다 깊은 층위(層位)에 집적(集積)되여 있다. 각(各) 토양통(土壤統)의 주요특성(主要特性)은 해안(海岸)에서 부터 거리에 따라 점변(漸變)하고 있으며 점토(粘土), 유기탄소(有機炭素) 및 pH는 해안(海岸)으로 부터 내륙(內陸)으로 옮겨가는 거리와 다음과 같은 상관(相關)이 있다. y(표상(表上)의 점토함량(粘土含量)) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y (심토(心土) 및 표토하부(表土下部)의 점토함량(粘土含量)) = $$-0.31646x^+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(표토(表土)의 유기탄소함량(有機炭素含量)) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ 로서 내륙(內陸)으로 갈수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)이며 y(심토(心土) 및 표토하부(表土下部)의 pH) = $$0.0178x^2-0.4534x-8.353$$ 로서 내륙(內陸)으로 갈수록 낮다. 토양(土壤)의 형태(形態) 및 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)에 있어 특기(特記)되는 것은 토양(土壤)의 발달도(發達度), 토색(土色), 모재(母材)의 다원적(多元的) 퇴적(堆積), 유기물층(有機物層)의 개입(介入), 토성(土性) 및 토양반응(土壤反應) 등(等)이였으며 이들은 답토양(畓土壤)의 분류(分類)에서 고려(考濾)되여야 할 사항(事項)이였다. 토양(土壤)의 몇가지 특성(特性)과 수도수량(水稻收量)과의 관계(關係)에서 토양배수(土壤排水)가 약간양호(若干良好) 내지(乃至) 불량(不良)한 식질토(埴質土), 양질토(壤質土) 그리고 유효심도가 낮은(50cm) 식질토(埴質土)들은 수량(收量)이 대부분(大部分) 10a당(當) 375kg 이상(以上)이며 사질토(砂質土), 배수(排水)가 양호(良好)한 식질토(埴質土), 유효심도가 낮은 양질토(壤質土) 및 함염토(含鹽土)들은 수량(收量)이 대부분(大部分) 10a당(當) 375kg미만(未滿)이다. 수도수량(水稻收量)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 토양(土壤)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)은 토양배수(土壤排水), 토성(土性), 유효심도, 표토(表土) 및 표토하부(表土下部)의 회색화(灰色化) 그리고 염농도(鹽濃度) 등(等)이며 이들은 답토양(畓土壤)의 적성등급구분(適性等級區分)에서 고려(考慮)되여야 할 사항(事項)이였다. 2. 답토양(畓土壤)의 분류(分類) 및 적성등급구분(適性等級區分) 답토양(畓土壤)의 분류기준(分類基準)은 토양(土壤) 자체(自體)가 가지고 있는 성질(性質)에 근거(根據)를 두었다. 토양분류단위(土壤分類單位)는 토양대군(土壤大群), 토양군(土壤群), 토양아군(土壤亞群), 토양계(土壤系) 그리고 토양통(土壤統)의 5단계(段階)를 두고 분류(分類)의 기본(基本) 단위(單位)는 토양통(土壤統)으로 하였다. 토양분류(土壤分類)에 있어 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)의 차이(差異)를 결정(決定)하기 위(爲)하여 2종류(種類)의 특징토층(特徵土層) 즉(卽) 숙성토층(熟成土層) 및 반숙토층(半熟土層)을 설정(設定)하여 이들의 유무(有無) 및 종류(種類)를 토양대군(土壤大群)의 분류기준(分類基準)으로 하였다. 토양군(土壤群) 및 토양아군(土壤亞群)의 분류(分類)에 있어 고려(考慮)되여야 할 특징적(特徵的) 토양특성(土壤特性)은 우선(于先), 토색(土色), 염농도(鹽濃度), 표토(表土) 및 표토(表土) 하부(下部)의 회색화(灰色化), 토사(土砂)의 다원적(多元的) 퇴적(堆積) 그리고 유기물층(有機物層)의 개입(介入)으로 하였으며 토양계(土壤系)의 분류(分類)에서 고려(考慮)한 토양특성(土壤特性)은 토양반응(土壤反應), 토성(土性) 및 석력함량(石礫含量)에 근거(根據)를 두어 분류(分類)하는 한편 이들에 대(對)한 정의(定義)를 내렸다. 그리고 필자(筆者)의 시안(試案)과 기존(旣存)의 분류안(分類案)을 상호비교(相互比較)하여 검토(檢討)하였다. 답토양(畓土壤)의 적성등급구분(適性等級區分)은 인위적(人爲的) 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 가변성(可變性)이 적은 토양특성(土壤特性)을 토대(土臺)로 하였으며 등급구분단위(等級區分單位)는 등급(等級) 및 아급(亞級)의 2단계(段階)를 두었다. 등급(等級)은 토양(土壤)의 잠재생산력(潛在生産力)이 어느 주어진 단위(範圍)에서 같고 토지이용(土地利用) 및 관리(管理)의 난이(難易)를 고려(考慮)한 토양조건(土壤條件)에 따라 1급(級)에서 4 급지(級地)까지의 4 등급(等級)으로 구분(區分)하였고 아급(亞級)은 동일등급내(同一等級內)에서 중요(重要)한 제한인자(制限因子)로 하였으며 그 인자(因子)는 경사(傾斜), 저염(低濕), 사질(砂質) 석력(石礫), 염해(鹽害), 미력(美熟)이다. 이들 등급(等級) 및 아급(亞級)을 각각(各各) 정의(定義)를 하였으며 아울러 분류시안(分類試案)과의 연관성(連關性)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 김제(金堤) 만경평야(萬頃平野)의 15개(個) 답토양통(畓土壤統)의 분류(分類) 및 적성등급(適性等級) 구분시안(區分試案)을 종합(綜合)하여 보면 다음과 같다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.111-137
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• 2010

본 연구는 서비스 시장에서의 지각된 품질과 개인가치간의 인과적 관계 및 고객의 인지욕구에 따른 온 오프라인상의 조절효과에 대해 실증분석하였으며 이를 통해 개인가치에 대한 서비스 전략과 마케팅 관리의 중요성을 제시하고 있다. 서비스 시장에서 서비스 제공자와 구매자간의 장기적 거래관계의 중요성이 크게 부각됨에 따라 관계구축 및 강화에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 개인가치에 관한 연구는 학계뿐만 아니라 실무적으로도 고객관계관리의 관점에서 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 실증분석을 위해 대형마트(할인점)와 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 이용하는 고객을 대상으로 설문을 통해 데이터를 수집하였으며 온 오프라인의 비교분석을 통한 차이검증을 위한 인과적 구성모델에 대해 구조방정식 모델분석을 통해 가설검증하였다. 구성모델에 대한 분석결과 물리적 환경, 상호작용 품질, 그리고 결과품질로 구성된 지각된 품질은 안정적 삶, 사회적 인식, 사회적 통합으로 구성된 서비스 개인가치에 통계적으로 매우 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 집단간 차이효과분석을 통해서도 온 오프라인에 따른 조정효과는 온라인에서보다는 오프라인에서 더 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 온라인상에서의 서비스에 대한 인지욕구가 높을 때보다는 오프라인상에서의 서비스에 대한 인지욕구가 높을 때 개인가치에 더 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 구성모델에 대한 적합도 역시 수용할만한 수준인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.117-129
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• 1981

토양(土壤)의 몇가지 물리적(物理的), 화학적성질(化學的成質)이 연초식물(煙草植物)의 생육(生育) 및 Ionic Balance에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는가를 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 폿트실험을 하였다. 공시(供試)된 토양(土壤)은 pH를 3.5와 5.8인 두가지로 조정하였고 이에 2종류의 음(陰)이온을 ($NH_4Cl$의 Cl, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 $SO_4$) 처리하였고, 4수준(水準)의 pF치(値)(1.5-2.0-2.5-3.5)를 두었다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같디. 1. 산도(酸度)가 높은 토양(土壤)(pH3.5)에 $NH_4Cl$이 가(加)해진 경우 연초(煙草) Cl의 함량(含量)이 높았으며, $NH_4$와 Cl의 해작용(害作用)뿐아니라, Mn의 독작물(毒作用)까지 받았으므로 거의 생장(生長)하지 못하고 대단히 비정상적(非正常的)인 생육(生育)을 하였다. 한편 ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$를 많이 흡수하므로 Mg와 Ca의 결핍증(缺乏症)을 보였다. 그러나 산도(酸度)가 낮은 토양(pH5.8)에 가(加)해진 $NH_4-N$은 질산화작용(窒酸化作用)에 의하여 모두 $NO_3-N$로 변하였으며, $NH_4-N$와 함께 가(加)해진 Cl이나 $SO_4$에 관계없이 연초(煙草)는 건전한 생육(生育)을 하였으며 Cl 보다는 $SO_4$가 가(加)해진 토양(土壤)에서 자란 식물(植物)이 건물중(乾物重)도 더 높고 성숙도(成熟度)도 더 빨랐다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 수분함량(水分含量)은 식물(植物)이 인산(燐酸)을 흡수하는데 제한인자(制限因子)가 되는 것으로 생각되며, 지상부(地上部)와 뿌리의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 pF 1.5>2.0>2.5>3.5>의 순서이었고 pF3.5은 연초(煙草)의 일시계절점으로 생각되었다. 3. 연초식물(煙草植物)의 화학분석치(化學分析値)와 건물수량(乾物收量)은 이 식물(植物)이 정상적(正常的)인 (C-A) 개념(槪念)에 잘 적용된다는 것을 보여주었으며, 정상적(正常的)인 생육(生育)을 하고 있는 연초식물(煙草植物)에 있어서는 지상부(地上部)의 Carboxylate의 함량(含量)은 (C-A) 값과 거의 비슷함을 보여 주었다. 만약 식물체중(植物體中)에 $NH_4$함량(含量)이 상당히 많은 양(量)으로 존재(存在)한다면 $NH_4$를 분석(分析)하여 그 값을 (C-A)의 값을 계산하는데 사용해야 할것이다. Al은 가동성(可動性)이 매우 낮은 물질이므로 식물(植物)의 지상부(地上部)의 해(害)를 줄정도의 양(量)으로는 존재(存在)하지 않고 많은 양(量)이 뿌리의 내부나 그 주위에 존재(存在)한다. 식물체(植物體)가 Al을 많이 함유(含有)하고 있을 경우에도 (C-A) 값의 산출에 Al의 함량(含量)을을 고려해야 한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1997

인슐린 저항성이란 인슐린의 생물학적 효과가 감소하는 상태를 말하며 당뇨병의 중요한 병리기전이다. 인슐린 저항성은 매우 다양한 특성을 가지고 있으며 유전적인 요인이나 후천적인 요인에 의하여 발생한다. 이제까지 가장 잘 알려진 인슐린 저항성의 유발인자로는 고혈당과 고인슐린증이 있다. 장기간의 고혈당이나 고인슐린증은 가장 중요한 인슐린의 작용조직인 골격근에서 인슐린 수용체의 결합능을 감소시키고 당섭취에 필요한 제 4형 당수송체의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이들 인자는 모두 골격근에서 당섭취를 증가시키는 것으로서 인슐린 저항성은 말초조직이 세포내로의 과도한 영양소 섭취를 방지하기 위하여 작동시키는 조절기전일 가능성을 생각할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단기간의 당섭취 증가가 더 이상의 당섭취를 억제할 수 있는지를 평가하고 그 기전을 규명하고자 흰쥐에서 2시간 동안 다양한 조건으로 당섭취를 유도하고 1 시간의 휴식기간을 가진 후 인슐린 예민도를 측정하고 골격근을 분리하여 인슐린 수용체와 제 4 형 당수송체를 분석하여 당섭취량과 인슐린 감수성과의 상관관계를 규명하고 인슐린 수용체 결합능과 제 4형 당수송체량을 비교하였다. 실험군은 hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp 전에 시행한 당섭취의 조건으로써 5개 군으로 구분하였다. 제 I 군은 대조군으로 생리식염수만 주입하여 기초상태의 인슐린 농도와 혈당을 유지하였으며, 제 II 군은 somatostatin과 포도당을 주입하여 정상 인슐린농도와 고혈당을 유지하였으며, 제 III 군은 포도당을 주입하여 고인슐린증과 고혈당을 유지하였고, 제 IV 군은 인슐린(100 mU/kg/min)과 포도당을 주입하여 초고인슐린증(${\sim}4000{\mu}U/ml$)과 정상혈당(~100 mg/dl)으로 유지하였으며, 그리고 제 V 군은 인슐린과 포도당을 주입하여 초고인슐린증과 고혈당(~200 mg/dl)을 유지하였다. 체중, 공복시 혈당 및 인슐린 농도는 각 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp 전에 주입한 포도당의 총량(gm/kg)은 제 II 군이 $1.88{\pm}0.151$, 제 III 군이 $2.69{\pm}0.239$, 제 IV 군이 $3.54{\pm}0.198$, 그리고 제 V 군이 $4.32{\pm}0.621$이었다. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp의 평형상태 당제거율(mg/kg min)은 제 I 군이 $16.9{\pm}1.74$, 제 II 군이 $13.5{\pm}0.53$, 제 III 군이 $11.2{\pm}0.52$, 제 IV 군이 $13.2{\pm}0.92$, 그리고 제 V 군이 $10.4{\pm}0.41$로 전체 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.001) 각 군간의 비교에서 제 II, III, IV, V 군의 값이 제 I 군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 전체 실험동물에서 포도당 주입량과 당제거율 사이에 역상관관계 (r=-0.701, p<0.001)를 보였다. 인슐린 수용체 결합과 Western blot으로 분석한 제 4형 당수송체량은 각 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 단기간의 당섭취 증가가 더이상의 당섭취를 억제할 수 있으나 인슐린 수용체 결합과 제 4형 당수송체의 숫적 감소없이 발생하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 1976

The categories of national health problems may be mainly divided into health promotion, problems of diseases, and population-economic problems which are indirectly related to health. Of them, the problems of diseases will be exclusively dealt with this speech. Rurality and Disease Problems There are many differences between rural and urban areas. In general, indicators of rurality are small size of towns, dispersion of the population, remoteness from urban centers, inadequacy of public transportation, poor communication, inadequate sanitation, poor housing, poverty, little education lack of health personnels and facilities, and in-accessibility to health services. The influence of such conditions creates, directly or indirectly, many problems of diseases in the rural areas. Those art the occurrence of preventable diseases, deterioration and prolongation of illness due to loss of chance to get early treatment, decreased or prolonged labour force loss, unnecessary death, doubling of medical cost, and economic loss. Some Considerations of Innovative Approach The followings art some considerations of innovative approaches to the problems of diseases in the rural Korea. 1. It would be essential goal of the innovative approaches that the damage and economic loss due to diseases will be maintained to minimum level by minimizing the absolute amount of the diseases, and by moderating the fee for medical cares. The goal of the minimization of the disease amount may be achieved by preventive services and early treatment, and the goal of moderating the medical fee may be achieved by lowering the prime cost and by adjusting the medical fees to reasonable level. 2. Community health service or community medicine will be adopted as a innovative means to disease problems. In this case, a community is defined as an unit area where supply and utilization of primary service activities can be accomplished within a day. The essential nature o the community health service should be such activities as health promotion, preventive measures, medical care, and rehabilitation performing efficiently through the organized efforts of the residents in a community. Each service activity should cover all members of the residents in a community in its plan and performance. The cooperation of the community peoples in one of the essential elements for success of the service program, The motivations of their cooperative mood may be activated through several ways: when the participation of the residents in service program of especially the direct participation of organized cooperation of the area leaders art achieved through a means of health education: when the residents get actual experience of having received the benefit of good quality services; and when the health personnels being armed with an idealism that they art working in the areas to help health problems of the residents, maintain good human relationships with them. For the success of a community health service program, a personnel who is in charge of leadership and has an able, a sincere and a steady characters seems to be required in a community. The government should lead and support the community health service programs of the nation under the basis of results appeared in the demonstrative programs so as to be carried out the programs efficiently. Moss of the health problems may be treated properly in the community levels through suitable community health service programs but there might be some problems which art beyond their abilities to be dealt with. To solve such problems each community health service program should be under the referral systems which are connected with health centers, hospitals, and so forth. 3. An approach should be intensively groped to have a physician in each community. The shortage of physicians in rural areas is world-wide problem and so is the Korean situation. In the past the government has initiated a system of area-limited physician, coercion, and a small scale of scholarship program with unsatisfactory results. But there might be ways of achieving the goal by intervice, broadened, and continuous approaches. There will be several ways of approach to motivate the physicians to be settled in a rural community. They are, for examples, to expos the students to the community health service programs during training, to be run community health service programs by every health or medical schools and other main medical facilities, communication activities and advertisement, desire of community peoples to invite a physician, scholarship program, payment of satisfactory level, fulfilment of military obligation in case of a future draft, economic growth and development of rural communities, sufficiency of health and medical facilities, provision of proper medical care system, coercion, and so forth. And, hopefully, more useful reference data on the motivations may be available when a survey be conducted to the physicians who are presently engaging in the rural community levels. 4. In communities where the availability of a physician is difficult, a trial to use physician extenders, under certain conditions, may be considered. The reason is that it would be beneficial for the health of the residents to give them the remedies of primary medical care through the extenders rather than to leave their medical problems out of management. The followings are the conditions to be considered when the physician extenders are used: their positions will be prescribed as a temporary one instead of permanent one so as to allow easy replacement of the position with a physician applicant; the extender will be under periodic direction and supervision of a physician, and also referral channel will be provided: legal constraints will be placed upon the extenders primary care practice, and the physician extenders will used only under the public medical care system. 5. For the balanced health care delivery, a greater investment to the rural areas is needed to compensate weak points of a rurality. The characteristics of a rurality has been already mentioned. The objective of balanced service for rural communities to level up that of urban areas will be hard to achieve without greater efforts and supports. For example, rural communities need mobile powers more than urban areas, communication network is extremely necessary at health delivery facilities in rural areas as well as the need of urban areas, health and medical facilities in rural areas should be provided more substantially than those of urban areas to minimize, in a sense, the amount of patient consultation and request of laboratory specimens through referral system of which procedures are more troublesome in rural areas, and more intensive control measures against communicable diseases are needed in rural areas where greater numbers of cases are occurred under the poor sanitary conditions.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2018

최근 일반교육 교육과정을 통해 장애학생의 성인생활 자립 역량을 갖추어야 한다는 목소리가 높다. 일반교과인 가정교과는 사명지향적인 학문으로써 장애학생들의 개인생활과 가정생활에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 가정교과에서 식생활 교육은 학생들의 자립성과 사회성을 향상시키면서 식생활 교육과 식생활 연구가 부족한 특수교육 상황에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 문제중심학습(problem based learning: PBL)을 적용한 가정과 식생활 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하여 지적장애 학생들에게 수업을 실행한 후 이 수업이 식품 선택과 보관 지식과 문제해결력에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 본 연구는 단일 집단 사전-사후 설계로 연구 대상은 지적장애 특수학교 중학과정에 다니는 학생 6명으로 편의 표집하였다. 이들 학생들에게 PBL을 적용한 가정과 식생활 수업을 6차시 실행한 후 이 수업의 효과를 알아보았다. 1~3차시 주제는 식품 선택과 보관방법이고, 4차시 주제는 샌드위치 재료를 구입하여 보관하는 것이며, 그리고 5~6차시 주제는 샌드위치를 만들어 선물하는 것이다. 지적장애 학생을 위한 PBL 적용 가정과 식생활 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하기 위해서 먼저 학생의 흥미를 유발하며 실생활에서 충분히 발생할 수 있는 '문제'를 개발하였고 이 문제를 해결하는 수업 과정과 학습 자료를 제작한 후 가정교육학 교수 1인과 특수교육 전문가인 교사 3인으로부터 선정된 문제와 개발된 교수·학습 과정안의 타당도 검증을 받았다. 수업 효과를 알아보기 위한 측정도구는 식품 선택과 보관 지식 평가 도구, 문제해결력 관찰 평가와 학생용 자기평가 도구, 학생 수업만족도 평가지, 교사의 수업행동 평가지, 수업 관찰 일지로 구성되며 이 도구들은 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증 받았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, PBL을 적용한 가정과 식생활 수업을 받은 6명 학생 모두가 100점 만점인 식품 선택과 보관 지식 점수에서 사전보다 사후에서 평균 30점 높아졌고 14점 만점인 문제해결력 점수는 사전보다 사후에서 평균 5점 더 높아졌다. 따라서 이 수업은 지적장애 학생들의 식품 선택과 보관 지식과 문제해결력에 효과를 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 지적장애 학생들은 PBL을 적용한 가정과 식생활 수업시간에 열심히 참여하였으며 이 수업에 만족감을 느꼈다. 특수교육 전문가인 교사 3인은 이 수업에 대해서 실습을 위한 수업 준비 시간이 오래 걸린 점이 다소 아쉬웠지만 교수·학습 과정안이 타당하게 철저히 준비되었고 학생 간 상호작용이 적절하였으며 문제중심학습 수업 흐름에 맞는 진행을 하였다고 평가하였다. 이 연구를 통해 PBL을 적용한 가정과 식생활 수업은 지적장애 학생들이 식품 선택과 보관부터 안전하고 건강한 음식을 만드는 종합적인 식생활 기술을 습득하여 일상생활에서 발생할 수 있는 식생활 관련 문제를 스스로 해결하는데 도움이 되었다고 사료된다. 따라서 전국의 특수학교의 장애학생들에게 PBL을 적용한 가정과 식생활 수업뿐만 아니라 의생활, 주생활, 소비생활, 아동·가족생활, 자원관리 전 영역을 다루는 가정교과가 특수학교에서 정식교과로 도입되기를 제언한다.