• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the needling depth of five-phase acupoints by acupuncture and moxibustion literatures. Methods : 7 volumes of acupuncture and moxibustion literatures was used to determine the depth of five-phase acupoints. The depth of needling at 60 five-phase acupoints was compared between well, spring, stream, river, sea acupoints and also yin, yang, hand and foot meridians. Results : The proximal part of the extremities had deeper needling depth than the distal part of the extremities. The order of well, spring, stream, river, sea can be related to the needling depth. Foot meridians had deeper needling depth than hand meridians. Yin meridians had deeper needling depth at Well, spring, stream acupoints and yan meridians had deeper needling depth at river, sea acupoints. Conclusions : The distinct patterns of needling depth of five-phase acupoints is related to which part of the extremities are five-phase acupoints located.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

Background: In 2006, three farmers died at the bottom of an agricultural shallow well where the atmosphere contained only 6% oxygen. This study aimed to document the variability of levels of oxygen and selected hazardous gases in the atmosphere of wells, and to identify ambient conditions associated with the low-oxygen situation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, conducted in June 2007 and July 2007, measured the levels of oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and explosive gas (percentage of lower explosive limit) at different depths of the atmosphere inside 253 wells in Kamphaengphet and Phitsanulok provinces. Ambient conditions and well use by farmers were recorded. Carbon dioxide was measured in a subset of wells. Variables independently associated with low-oxygen condition (<19.5%) were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: One in five agricultural shallow wells had a low-oxygen status, with oxygen concentration decreasing with increasing depth within the well. The deepest-depth oxygen reading ranged from 0.0% to 20.9%. Low levels of other hazardous gases were detected in a small number of wells. The low-oxygen status was independently associated with the depth of the atmosphere column to the water surface [odds ratio (OR) = 13.5 for 8-11 m vs. <6 m], depth of water (OR = 0.17 for 3-<8 m vs. 0-1 m), well cover (OR = 3.95), time elapsed since the last rainfall (OR = 7.44 for >2 days vs. <1 day), and location of well in sandy soil (OR = 3.72). Among 11 wells tested, carbon dioxide was detected in high concentration (>25,000 ppm) in seven wells with a low oxygen level. Conclusion: Oxygen concentrations in the wells vary widely even within a small area and decrease with increasing depth.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Digging well foundation has been widely used in railway bridges due to its good economy and reliability. In other instances, bridges with digging well foundation still have damage risks during earthquakes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge of lateral behavior of digging well foundation considering the soil-foundation interaction. In this study, scaled models of bridge pier-digging well foundation system are constructed for quasi-static test to investigate their lateral behaviors. The failure mechanism and responses of the soil-foundation-pier interaction system are analyzed. The testing results indicate that the digging foundations tend to rotate as a rigid body under cyclic lateral load. Moreover, the depth-width ratio of digging well foundation has a significant influence on the failure mode of the interaction system, especially on the distribution of foundation displacement and the failure of pier. The energy dissipation capacity of the interaction system is discussed by using index of the equivalent viscous damping ratio. The damping varies with the depth-width ratio changing. The equivalent stiffness of soil-digging well foundation-pier interaction system decreases with the increase of loading displacement in a nonlinear manner. The absolute values of the interaction system stiffness are significantly influenced by the depth-width ratio of the foundation.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Perceiving the depth of space in the spatial organization of architecture is perceiving spaces as well three dimensions as the fourth dimensions -perceive the time-. Physical depth in architectural space differs from perceptional depth in aspects of not only dimension but also perceptional effects. In this study, the perceptional depth is defined as visual depth and physical depth is depth of space. These purposes of this study are classifying the perceptional effects of visual depth -visual access, sense of variety, dynamic and cubic effect... - and the methods of spatial composition which causes visual depth in architectural space.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

Baroque period was fundamentally different from the previous ages in terms of various aspects. Not only the social, economical, and cultural changes, but also ways of experiencing architectural space were essentially changed. Space in Baroque architecture was no more confined in the strict medieval order and proportions, but it became more flexible and dynamic by applying many interesting spatial concepts as well as design methods. That is why Baroque architecture somehow has been re-considered in the present time. Various contemporary architects and theorists attempt to apply ideas in the Baroque architecture to enhance and rich spatial experience. This thesis aims to study the methods of constructing spatial depth in some of Baroque architecture. First of all, theoretical research on the Baroque art in terms of depth expressions compared to the previous ages based on Heinrich $W{\ddot{o}}lfflin$ was mentioned. After explaining the general concepts and methods of spatial depth in Baroque architecture, two case buildings were selected to be further analyzed. They are San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Cappella di Santissima Sindone. They have unique ways of expressing the spatial depth in which people experience particular spatial feelings. Based on the case analysis, this study was concluded that the ideas as well as design methods for spatial depth can be applied in contemporary architectural designs in various ways.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the needling depth of five-phase acupoints and discuss the association with the depth of meridian qi. Methods : DongUiBoGam was used to determine the depth of five-phase acupoints. The depth of needling at 60 five-phase acupoints was compared between well, spring, stream, river, and sea acupoints. Results : The proximal part of the extremities had deeper needling depth than the distal part of the extremities. The targeted deqi sensation can be related to the needling depth. Conclusions : The depth of the meridian qi is related to the distinct patterns of needling depth of five-phase acupoints.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.584-595
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• 2011

최근 RGB 영상과 깊이맵이 동시에 제작되어 공급되고 있다. 깊이맵은 사용자의 용도에 따라 다양한 형태로 변환되어 입체영상 제작에 사용된다. 깊이맵을 활용하는 기법이 새로이 소개되고 있는데, 한 예로 의료 분야에서 2D 영상의 컬러를 변환하여 지각 깊이감을 개선하는 영상처리 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 컬러 변환을 통한 2D 영상의 지각 깊이감 개선을 입체영상에 적용하여, 3D 지각 깊이감을 동시에 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 대조 변환 및 배경 다크닝 방법을 제안하고, 실험을 통해 제안 방법이 상기 목적을 얻을 수 있는 것을 검증하였다. 주관적 실험에서는 입체감 향상 및 피로도 측정을 통해 제안 방법의 성능 및 단점을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2003

Focusing on native plants that have a high possibility of being introduced as extensive rooftop material, this study was conducted to realize extensive and easy-to-manage rooftop gardens and to raise the utilization of native plants by verifying their growing response to soil media and depth. Its result is as follows: 1) In the case of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, the top growth was better in sandy loam than in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$, but the mortality rate was high, making it unsuitable soil. Regarding soil depth the mortality rate was lower in 10cm than in 5cm, and it grew well in 10cm. When using it for rooftop gardens, it would be desirable to keep the minimum viable soil depth over loom. 2) In the case of Sedium middendorffianum the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil media and depth making it very suitable material for rooftop garden. Although the flowering rate was somewhat lower in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$ than in sandy loam, the mortality rate was low and the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. 3) In the case of Allium senescens, the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil or soil depth, making it a very suitable plant for extensive rooftop gardens. Although top growth was poorer in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$than in sandy loam the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. In conclusion the study revealed that suitable species for extensive rooftop gardens are Sedium middendorffianum and Allium senescens. However, Chrysanthemum zawadskii can be utilized greatly when fertilizing is managed regularly in artificial mixed soil over l0cm.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 인도네시아 북부 칼리만탄 섬 임의의 광구에서 취득한 석탄시료의 메탄가스 흡착량 측정 실험 결과를 활용하여 석탄층 메탄가스 저류층의 적정 생산정 간격 설계 연구를 수행하였다. 가스 생산성 분석결과, 랭뮤어 부피가 증가할수록 누적 가스생산량도 증가하며 이는 최대 가스 흡착량이 가스생산량에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 탄리투과도가 증가할수록 최대 가스생산량이 증가하고 배출수 기간(dewatering period)이 단축되는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 생산 영향영역이 넓어짐에 따라 누적 가스생산량은 증가하지만 단위 가스정 당 생산성 비교 시, 심도 2,000 ft, 영향영역 80-160 acres 사이에서 최대 누적 가스생산량이 산출되었다. 탄층 심도와 생산 영향영역을 동시에 고려하여 적정 생산정 심도 및 간격 산출 결과, 600-2,000 ft 사이에서 가스 생산성이 가장 높게 나타나며, 이때 생산정 간격은 80-160 acres 범위 내로 설계 하는 것이 적정하다. 따라서 탐사 시추 시 회수된 코어 시료 이외의 시추 자료가 없는 미개발 CBM 저류층에서 석탄시료의 가스흡착 실험 결과를 활용함으로써 탄층심도를 고려한 생산정 간격 설계를 수행할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to minimize salt water intrusion into freshwater aquifers and limit the development of freshwater aquifers, by selecting an appropriate excavation depth of in the western coastal area of Jeju Island. The study site was mostly basaltic lava, which was mainly composed of trachy basalt. A vertical logging test was conducted to investigate the vertical distribution of the groundwater and saline groundwater interface in the study well. It was found that freshwater groundwater, saline groundwater, and freshwater groundwater are distributed from the surface to approximately 16 m, 16~50 m, and 50~60 m, below the ground, respectively. In order obtain saline groundwater and minimize the inflow of freshwater into this well, the drilling depth should be limited in the range of 16~50 m from the surface. Thus, saline groundwater well development should be carried out with reference to the measurement results, which depend on the drilling depth and EC (electrical conductivity) obtained with drilling apparatus for geology and ground handling.