• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of standards harmonization between technologically asymmetric countries, and to determine optimal harmonization strategies for a country with mid-level technological advancement. Design/methodology - Following Salop's circular city model (Salop, 1979), this study constructs a simple, horizontally-differentiated oligopoly model in which three firms and three countries exist. Each country adopts different compatibility standards and each firm incurs conversion costs for foreign market access due to differences in standards. The conversion costs are related to technology; standards harmonization removes these costs between participating countries. The paper considers three cases: i) no harmonization; ii) harmonization with the more technologically-advanced country and iii) harmonization with the less technologically-advanced country. Findings - The paper first considers a scenario in which all three firms occupy some share of the market in each country. It shows that standards harmonization with both the technologically moreor less-advanced country always increases consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, the producer surplus will increase if the harmonization partner has a higher technology level, whereas it may decrease if the partner has a lower technology level. It also shows that if most domestic export goods are in sectors with conversion costs above a certain level, harmonizing standards with a technologically more-advanced country should be prioritized. Such strategies, moreover, should be emphasized when there exists a large technology gap among countries. Lastly, the paper considers another scenario, in which harmonization leads to the foreclosure of the non-member firm from the member countries' markets. It shows that harmonization improves the social welfare of a mid-level technology country regardless of its partner's technology. It also shows that the country should prioritize harmonization with the technologically less-advanced country. Originality/value - Though some of the existing studies consider the welfare effects of harmonization, their main assumption is that firms have the same conversion technology. Since complying with standards often requires substantial technological advancement and technical expertise, harmonization of compatibility standards between countries with gaps in technological ability carries different implications. This paper investigates the welfare effects of this harmonization and determines an optimal harmonization strategy while considering technological asymmetry among countries in standards compliance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.185-212
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• 2010

This study simulates the effects of basic income on income redistribution in Korea, and compares the redistribution effects of basic income models with the effect of the current welfare system. Using the Korea Welfare Panel Study(2008), absolute/relative poverty rate, poverty gap ratio, gini coefficients are measured. As a result of simulation, the basic income models reduced poverty more effectively than the current system. And among the three basic income models, the basic income model combined with flat-rate tax reduced poverty more effectively. And the basic income model combined with progressive tax reduced inequality more effectively. The results of the study reported in this paper confirm the paradox of redistribution which suggest that the effect of universal welfare program on redistribution is the most noticeable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.327-330
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 정보화기기 활용 능력이 사회자본 형성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이러한 관계에서 노인의 디지털기기 이용 효능감이 갖는 매개효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 2022년 실시한 디지털정보격차 실태조사 자료를 활용하여 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램으로 개인의 인구사회학적특성, 정보화기기 중 PC, 모바일 기기 활용능력, 디지털기기 이용 효능감을 독립변수로 하고 노인의 사회자본을 종속변수로 하여 영향 관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 디지털기기 이용 효능감을 매개변수로 설정하여 노인의 정보화기기 활용 능력이 사회자본 형성에 미치는 영향에 매개효과가 있는지 검증하였다. 그 결과, 노인의 사회자본 형성에 미치는 영향 요인은 남성보다 여성의 사회자본 수준이 높았고, 나이가 많은 사람, 월평균 소득이 높은 사람, 다른 가족과 함께 거주하는 노인의 사회자본 수준이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 독립변수인 PC활용능력은 통계적으로 유의미한 영향이 없었고, 모바일기기 활용 능력과 디지털기기 이용 효능감이 높을수록 사회자본이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이후 노인의 정보화기기 활용 능력이 사회자본에 미치는 영향을 디지털기기 이용 효능감이 매개하는지 분석하기 위해 Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 3단계 모형으로 분석한 결과, pc활용능력 → 디지털기기 이용 효능감 → 사회자본에 이르는 경로와 모바일기기 활용능력 → 디지털기기 이용 효능감 → 사회자본에 이르는 매개효과 경로는 통계적으로 유의미한 결과로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인의 정보화기기의 접근성 향상을 위한 교육기관의 노력과 단순한 컨텐츠 위주의 교육에서 보다 실용적이고 즉시적인 교육 콘텐츠 전환 등 실천적 노력에 대해 제언하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.655-661
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• 2020

This study examined community-centered informatization education support measures for empowerment of women with disabilities based on gender perspective.First, the 'Digital Information Gap Survey' conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT used the 2018 'Digital Information Gap Survey' to find out the current status of the digital information gap between male and female handicapped people. The law on information education support for women with disabilities is presented.Lastly, based on the current status of informatization education support available to women with disabilities, centered on local communities, such as establishing a comprehensive women's disability support center, visiting education considering disability types, developing and supporting customized informatization education considering learning ability, and discovering community resources related to informatization. In this paper, we propose a plan to support informatization education for women with disabilities based on capacity building.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.907-923
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• 2008

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinant factors affecting the budget for welfare of the aged. This study employs the statistical data of fourteen different cities and counties of local government in Jeollabukdo. According to the analysis, in the county, the rate of the aged and populations of social-economic factors and the number of public officials of political-administrative factors turned out to be important influencing of budget for the aged welfare. However, incrementalism has no validity of statistics. Also, In the fiscal factors, estimated expenditures in per capita influenced a negative effect on the budget of the aged welfare. As the results of this research, the policy implications are suggested as follows. First, in order to reduce the gap of the aged welfare service between regions, the greater subsidy is provided by government and the budget of the aged welfare is enlarged positively. Second, as the considering regional characteristic, the higher ratio of the aged, the greater budget of the aged welfare is enlarged, especially in the county. Third, the budget of the aged welfare has to be regarded by the number of public officials.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.167-194
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• 2004

This paper examine the gender-poverty gap and the feminization of poverty in Korea with using data from the National Survey Household Income & Expenditure(1996, 2000) and the Urban Survey Household Income & Expenditure(1996-2002) by Korea National Statistical Office. The poverty rate in 2000 was 16.9 percent for female-head families and 7.9 percent for male-head families, which means that female-head families were 2.6 times more likely to be poor than male-head families. With examining impact of economic crisis in 1998 on gender-poverty gap, it show that both the poverty rate of female-head and male-head increase radically in peak of economic crisis, while, in the stage of recovering economy, the poverty rate of male-head families recovered mostly the level before economic crisis, but that of female-head families recover only the 2/3 level before and the 1/3 remain still under poverty. Thus gender-poverty gap appeared bigger during passing through economic crisis. With analyzing on influence factors of poverty, it appear that poverty is influenced by gender itself as well as education level, working condition which is reflected substantially characteristics of gender. Such an analysis results mean that the considering gender dimension is necessary to resolve poverty fundamentally because gender is a point intersection among family, labour market, and social security. Therefore it appears certain that to develop and adopt of women-friendly social policy is effective approach, which could resolve poverty and social problems related to social rights.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.223-246
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• 2021

Based on the Everyday Information Seeking Behavior Theory, this study investigates information activities and library experience of 66 elderly or people with disabilities in Autonomous District A. In addition, this study analyzes contextual circumstances of daily information activities through in-depth interviews with a subset of 11 people. Although community welfare centers provide basic welfare, the elderly and people with disabilities seek to learn and socialize in cultural welfare centers, particularly in libraries. This study shows that libraries can fulfill their top three of Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Self-Actualization, Esteem, and Love and Belonging. Specifically, digital literacy education has been identified to be highly demanded. They seek to distinguish correct online information and to socialize using digital technologies in this contactless society. This study proposes a detailed plan for public libraries to offer cultural and information welfare in order to reduce the information gap within the local communities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.37-59
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• 2001

This paper investigates the long-term social changes and the emerging issues in social insurance that such changes will entail, It does not attempt to resolve the conflict between neo-liberal reforms and neo-corporalist reforms. Nor does it confine itself to proposing the options to secure the financial stability of social insurance schemes. The aim of this paper lies in anticipating various problems that result from social development, analyzing the impacts of these problems on social insurance schemes, and delineating the solutions to these problems. This paper is comprised of three parts. First, it describes the expected long-term changes in society and the ensuing problems. Second, it asks whether these problems can be solved with increased public expenditures. For this purpose, an analysis of the trend in the expenditures by welfare states is attempted. Third, it summarizes the issues in social insurance and presents the possible solutions to the problems. In the chapter that deals with social changes and social problems, various aspects are reviewed, including the globalization process, the development of It industries, the uncertainty in the classification of incomes, the widening gap in earnings due to the bio-economy, and the relation between social insurance schemes and the tax system. It is concluded that there are limits to the role that increased public expenditures can play to solve the social problems. This paper argues for a structural change in the social insurance system. In every social insurance scheme, the state should foe-us its effect on the provision of basic protection against social risks for the whole population. At the same time, the state should improve the financial stability of the scheme and avoid large-scale deficits.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1578-1587
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• 2019

Software education enhances creative thinking and critical thinking for students living in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and helps them choose jobs in software-related industries. This study is an example of software education applied to the vulnerable students of the child welfare center to narrow the software gap and achieve the equity in education. This education was conducted in Unplugged activity, Entry coding, and Physical computing classes for 170 students from 20 institutions in South Chungcheong Province, North Chungcheong Province, and Daejeon city in Korea. The curriculum utilized a total of four types of student and teacher level materials, with a total of 10 hours of classes per child welfare center. In addition, the surveys of the students and institutions confirmed that this education influenced their interest in software education and their desire for continuous software education.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.111-117
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• 2021

The object of this study is through an empirical analysis, how cultural capital at the individual level and social welfare expenditure at the national level affect the life satisfaction of the elderly. In this study method, a Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM) analysis was performed on 3,297 elderly people aged 65 and older and 9 OECD countries. As a result of analysis, first, it was confirmed that life satisfaction and social class had a significant effect. Therefore, in to increase the satisfaction of the life of the elderly, policy and practical intervention measures that can narrow the gap between social classes should be prepared. Second, the old-age pension and survivor's pension had no significant effect on life satisfaction. However, as a result of the interaction, social class has a positive effect on life satisfaction, and it was confirmed that the lower the income inequality, the more positive the life satisfaction was. In conclusion, this implies that both individuals and countries should make efforts to variously increase the life satisfaction of the elderly.