• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Due to the fact that there are low birth rate and longer life longevity, schools have been shutting down and converted into welfare facilities. However, most of researches about utilizing closed down school are focused on case researches or architectural planning and design. Moreover, majority of existing welfare centers for the aged are not designed with the flow of human traffic in mind, which means there is no consideration of physical or psychological characteristics of elderly people. That fact leads to increasing number of shutting down welfare facilities. Therefore, this thesis will present the necessity of effective space allocation, extension and reconstruction for residents in aged care by analyzing space using index of space syntax with depth-map software.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

Purpose - Social welfare is a social insurance system that provides funds and services for all citizens to maximize their life quality. Its ultimate goal is to alleviate social contradictions. Therefore, this paper explores the determinants of social welfare in terms of macroeconomics. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the vector error correction model, the annual time series from 1990 to 2017 will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The real GDP, the real income, the inflation and the degree of openness will be treated as independent variables. The input of social welfare will be treated as a dependent variable. These variables will be used to perform the cointegration test and the vector error correction model to explore how the macroeconomic variables affect social welfare both in long run and short run. Result - Via the empirical analysis, it can be summarized that the real GDP, the real income and the degree of openness are the driving determinants to enlarge the social welfare. Conversely, the inflation is the obstructive determinant to reduce the social welfare. Conclusion - The positive and negative determinants of social welfare exist simultaneously, China's government should take macroeconomic regulation and control to balance them to enlarge social welfare.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2022

School closures in rural areas is especially relevant because low fertility rate and population aging are common not only in rural but also in urban areas. This paper examined a variety of users' perceptions on welfare facilities using closed rural schools. For this study, the descriptive survey research design was conducted at the EZER located in Kyungsnangbuk-do. The sample size of 200 was selected through convenience sampling and data collection was completed by a self-completion written questionnaires. Main findings are as follows: 1) the level of users' relative satisfaction with welfare facilities using closed rural schools was generally positive, main factor associated with relative satisfaction was facilities and surrounding environment at closed rural schools, 2) socioeconomic usefulness of closed rural schools was also was generally positive, main factors for revitalization were adequate facilities and places, accessible and convenient places, 3) future necessity and willingness for welfare facilities using closed rural schools were overwhelmingly positive, children or youth were revealed as a priority service target. Finally, theses analyses show that a high proportion in the rural welfare sector, especially seemed to have a positive impact on bridging negative gabs between urban and rural in the socioeconomic development and social welfare.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.887-894
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare the effects of layout of furniture (a perch, nest, and sandbox) in cages on behavior and welfare of hens. Two hundred and sixteen Hyline Brown laying hens were divided into five groups (treatments) with four replicates per group: small furnished cages (SFC), medium furnished cages type I (MFC-I), medium furnished cages type II (MFC-II), and medium furnished cages type III (MFC-III) and conventional cages (CC). The experiment started at 18 week of age and finished at 52 week of age. Hens' behaviors were filmed during the following periods: 8:00 to 10:00; 13:00 to 14:00; 16:00 to 17:00 on three separate days and two hens from each cage were measured for welfare parameters at 50 wk of age. The results showed that feeding and laying of all hens showed no effect by cage type (p>0.05), and the hens in the furnished cages had significantly lower standing and higher walking than CC hens (p<0.05). The birds in MFC-III had significant higher preening, scratching and feather-pecking behavior than in the other cages (p<0.05). No difference in nesting behavior was found in the hens between the furnished cages (p>0.05). The hens in MFC-I, -II, and -III showed a significant higher socializing behavior than SFC and CC (p<0.05). The lowest perching was for the hens in SFC and the highest perching found for the hens in MFC-III. Overall, the hens in CC showed poorer welfare conditions than the furnished cages, in which the feather condition score, gait score and tonic immobility duration of the hens in CC was significantly higher than SFC, MFC-I, MFC-II, and MFC-III (p<0.05). In conclusion, the furnished cage design affected both behavior and welfare states of hens. Overall, MFC-III cage design was better than SFC, MFC-I, and MFC-II cage designs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.66-80
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• 2009

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the present circumstances of internal marketing in domestic apparel-import company and study if the internal marketing activities in import apparel company have a significant effect on salespersons' job satisfaction. As a preliminary investigation, the interviews with 6 expert salespersons of imported apparel company were taken to develop a practical measuring tool. As a result, 21 categories which effect on internal marketing and 6 factors which influence on job satisfaction were extracted. Next, a survey with the salespersons who work in apparel-import company was taken, and 186 collected data were used in this study. To analyze the data, factor analysis, frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis are executed by a statistics package, SPSS v12.0. The results are as follows. First, five factors which effect on internal marketing activities in have been identified as welfare, incentives, employment & training, communication, empowerment. Among them, four factors of welfare, incentives, employment & training, and communication have been come out as statistically significant factors which influenced on salesperson's job satisfaction. Second, the internal marketing activities of import apparel company according to salesperson's demographic factors - payment, working periods, and marriage have been demonstrated significant difference on salespersons' job satisfaction. When the marriage is examined, the job satisfaction of the single mostly depends on incentives while that of the married does on welfare. On the consideration of working periods, the less does the group have working experience, the more does it have a dependence on incentives. On the other hand, the group which has much payment and experience mostly relies on welfare. The middle class show to be dependent on communication and employment&training as well as welfare and incentives.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

Although the national government prepares and implements planning for securing various services and facilities based on the needs of welfare centers for leisure of the aged according to the increase of life expectancy. These efforts are still beyond the satisfaction for the needs of the aged. These efforts are only polling on in terms of the increase in quantity, and so therefore there is total lack of high level of welfare facilities for the aged with regard to the consumers' characteristics and behavior attitudes. Under these considerations, this study aims at investigating through indoor space check list, the reality of whether the present welfare centers for the aged are designed with the application of the characteristics and behavior attitudes of the aged to the indoor space. The results of this study are going to be utilized as basic materials for future designs that may consider the behavioral attitudes of the aged and be able to increase their quality of leisure and welfare when building welfare centers for the aged in the future.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.131-140
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• 2004

This study will first take a look at the work situations depending on functions or duties taken in fashion organizations in Busan, dividing the work condition into aspects such as special traits of the work, satisfaction level on the company and satisfaction level on welfare. This study has set the following study questions to reach the goal of this research: 1. look at special traits found depending on vital statistics. 2. The satisfaction level on special traits of the work and work itself showed that the diversity of work, importance of work and work flexibility were the key elements that influenced the satisfaction level. 3. The satisfaction level on company and work itself had pride and loyalty, the only factors that influenced work satisfaction level voluntarily, and the other factors had no effect on the satisfaction level. 4. The satisfaction level on welfare and work itself showed that the welfare benefits and welfare policies had no voluntary influence on the satisfaction level on the work itself.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The population of the elderly is rapidly increased because maturation of the social welfare system and development of medical technology. However, welfare environments for the elderly are poor either in its quality or its quantity. The aims of this study is to confirm the space improvement possibility to change the Gyung Ro Dang to the senior life support center as a community welfare service network. This study is done by the comparative analysis between existing Gyung Ro Dang in korea and former cases in Japan based on the elderly's facility preference. The facility's space reprogramming alternative from that analysis is applied to change the Gyung Ro Dang to a network facility for the regional senior life support. Afterward, it is proposed that first, facilities should be expanded scale by the new education and health improvement facilities functional room that the modern elderly need. second, Facility space will be reconstitution because the Gyung Ro Dang have to be extended it's role as a community welfare network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide design guidelines necessary for creating disability-friendly campuses. To this end, a literature survey and a survey on the current educational welfare facilities for disabled college students were conducted. The fact-finding survey was conducted in writing and visiting evaluations on 19 campuses located in Gangwon-do(province). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The college enrollment rate of the disabled has doubled since 2000, but it was found to be half of the enrollment rate based on school enrollment, and the number of students who gave up in the middle is increasing. This is due to an obstacle in the learning environment, so it is necessary to improve welfare facilities. 2) As a result of evaluating the status of educational welfare support for students with disabilities, it was found that the overall evaluation result was improved, but the absolute evaluation result was less than 70%, and it was not improved. 3) As a result of evaluating the actual conditions of the intermediate facilities, indoor facilities, sanitary facilities, guidance and other facilities, and unit spaces, it is necessary to expand and improve them due to the lack of disabled parking marks, continuity of access roads, pedestrian safety passages, lifts, and rest areas for the disabled.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

It is true that the social welfare center influences on the community service. The recent change of social environment has influence on the configuration of space for the community social welfare center. The social welfare center fills the role of family welfare, domiciliary care, community welfare, education culture etc. Education culture magnified, and it is acting role as the community education culture center by various program including cultural desire according to the modern request to the whole local resident. In such sense, this study explore the conditions of spatial configuration for the education culture unit of social welfare center in small city. For this study, it was investigated the space role and service funtion, the service program, the usage characteristics, the service importance. In sum, the useful data were collected, analyzed, and colligated by case study. Case study and analysis contents about education culture unit of social welfare center present the basic design data for the space plan of suitable social welfare center in small city.