• 대한조선학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1972

Inertia friction welding, a relatively recent innovation in the art of joining materials, is a forge-welding process that releases kinetic energy stored in the flywheel as frictional heat when two parts are rubbed together under the right conditions. In a comparatively short time, the process has become a reliable method for joining ferrous, and dissimilar metals. The process is based on thrusting one part, attached to a flywheel and rotating at a relatively high speed, against a stationary part. The contacting surfaces, heated to plastic temperatures, are forged together to produce a reliable, high-strength weld. Welds are made with little or no workpiece preparation and without filler metal or fluxes. However, In order to obtain a good weld, the determination of the optimum weld parameters is an important problem. Especially, because the amount of the flywheel mass will be determined according to the initial rotating velocity values at the constant thrust load, the initial rotating velocity is an important factor to affect a weld character of the inertia-welded IN713C-SAE8630, which is used for the wheel-shafts of turbine rotors or turbochargers, exhausting valves, etc. In this paper, the effects of initial rotational velocity on a weld character of inertia-welded IN713C-SAE8630 was studied through considerations of weld parameters determination, micro-structural observations and tensile tests. The results are as the following: 1) As initial rotating velocity was reduced to 267 FPM, cracks and carbide stringers were completely eliminated in the micro-structure of welded zone. 2) As initial rotating velocity was reduced and flywheel mass was increased correspondingly, the maximum welding temperatures were decreased and the plastic working in the weld zone was increased. 3) As initial rotating velocity was progressively decreased and carbides were decreased, the tensile strengths were increased. 4) And also the fracture location moved out of the weld zone and the tensile tests produced, the failures only in the cast superalloy IN713C which do not extend into the weld area. 5) The proper initial rotating velocity could be determined as about 250 thru 350 FPM for the better weld character.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3184-3190
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• 2013

근래에 조선 해양 구조물 분야의 대부분 설계와 공정 계획은 각 회사가 보유한 전용 CAD/CAM 시스템을 통해 수행되고 있다. 이는 설계 형상 및 생산 관련 정보들이 추출되어 시간과 인력이 소비되는 많은 분야에서 해당 정보를 유용하게 사용할 수 있는 프레임워크가 구축되는 초석이 마련되었음을 뜻하며, 가장 전형적인 예로 선박 및 해양 구조물의 생산에 있어서 용접 관련 정보 산출 문제가 있는데 초기 일정 계획에 있어서 사용될 용접물량의 정확한 예측은 구조물 중량 그리고 도장면적 산출과 더불어 생산 과정의 자연스런 흐름을 가능케 하며 예상 소요 인력과 비용을 확보할 수 있는 극히 중요한 과정으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ERP 시스템에서 추출된 구조물의 형상 및 생산정보로부터 정확한 용접장 및 용접물량을 추정할 수 있는 프레임워크를 구축하고 프로그램을 개발하였다. 산출된 용접 정보는 용접 자세, 조립단계, 블록, 베벨 그리고 용접타입에 따라 분류되며, 적절한 Factor를 통해 용접작업에 필요한 시수와 비용을 예측하는데 사용된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Recently, the production of shipbuilding and offshore plant industries, with a trend toward large structures, has led to an increased use of high strength ultra-thick plates. The use of ultra-thick plates increases the welding tasks, and the welding process generates distortion and residual stress in the weldment because of the rapid heating and cooling. Welding distortion and residual stress in the welded structure resulte in many troubles such as deformation and life deterioration. In particular, the welding residual stress has an important effect on welding deformation, fatigue, buckling strength, brittleness, etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual stress at a multi-pass weldment using an experimental method for EH36 high-tension steel. In this experimental method, AIS3000 was used to measure the residual stress of a welded part, HAZ, and base metal; EPMA and XRD were used to study the material properties.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2010

Laser assisted machining (LAM) has been researched in order to machine the silicon nitride ceramics economically and effectively. LAM is an effective machining method by local heating of the cutting part to the softening temperature of the silicon nitride using laser beam. When silicon nitride ceramics is heated using a laser beam, the surface of silicon nitride ceramic is softened, oxidized and decomposed. And then surface hardness is decreased. Through machining in low viscosity and hardness conditions, silicon nitride was machined effectively and the life span of tool was increased. The plastic deformation was occurred due to softening of amorphous YSiAlON above $ 1,000^{\circ}C$. Transgranular fracture of ${\beta}-Si_3N_4$ was occurred when YSiAlON was not softened, but mostly intergranular fracture was occurred by the plastic deformation of softened YSiAlON.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.643-646
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• 2000

In this study, we constructed a preview-sensing visual sensor system for weld seam tracking in real time in GMA welding. A sensor part consists of a CCD camera, a band-pass filter, a diode laser system with a cylindrical lens, and a vision board for inter frame process. We used a commercialized robot system which includes a GMA welding machine. To extract the weld seam we used a inter frame process in vision board from that we could remove the noise due to the spatters and fume in the image. Since the image was very reasonable by using the inter frame process, we could use the simplest way to extract the weld seam from the image, such as first differential and central difference method. Also we used a moving average method to the successive position data of weld seam for reducing the data fluctuation. In experiment the developed robot system with visual sensor could be able to track a most popular weld seam, such as a fillet-joint, a V-groove, and a lap-joint of which weld seam include planar and height directional variation.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.127-131
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• 2006

There are being a lot of studies for achievement of high speed Dehydration, high-strength and Lightweight of washing machine in the latest washing machine business. It is essential that Press-joining Strength of Spin Drum Seaming division is improved .to attain that target. Generally, we are using Mechanical press-joining by Seaming and T.I.G (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding among part joint method. Mechanical press-joining method that is mainly using for Stainless Steel (STS430) Drum have lots of merit that consumption of energy is low more than welding and production costs cut down and generation of the corrosion is solved by removing weld zone defect and materials having different properties are enable to join without special equipment. But, it is difficult to realize joint strength required at high speed operation because joint strength of mechanical press-joining method is low remarkably in comparison with welding. Also, there are a lot of analysis difficulties and very limited research is under way due to the dynamic factor such as multistage plastic working, elastic recovery, residual stress etc. The results of this study show optimal joining condition for mechanical press-joining by performing lots of tensile joining strength test with various specimen under multi-change of important design factor such as seaming width, bead area and bead depth etc.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.46-57
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• 1990

TMCP steel manufactured by controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling process is known to have extra-ordinary mechanical properties such as tensile strength and toughness. However, there is much uncertainty about the fatigue fracture characteristics, especially, in the welded state of this steel. In case of this steel, the softening zone by welding is generated in heat affected zone in contrast with the case of conventional normalized high strength steel. This softening zone is considered to play significant roles in low cycle fatigue fracture of the welded part of this steel. In this paper, the low cycle fatigue behaviors of TMCP steel were inspected in as-received and welded state using the smooth specimen. The fatigue life-time was seperately investigated on the basis of failure of the specimen and crack initiation which is detected by differential strain method. Moreover, the low cycle fatigue characteristics of TMCP steel were quantitatively compared with those of the conventional normalized steel of same strength level.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

In soft grounds with deep bearing stratum, the PHC piles are generally joined by welding or prefabricated method. However, the existing joining methods have some problems in a side view of workability, quality and cost etc. In this study, a new joining method of PHC piles, which removes the problems of the existing methods, is developed. Static and dynamic load tests in fields as well as laboratory tests such as tensile and bending tests are conducted to investigate the workability and structural safety of PHC piles joined by the new method. The test results show that tensile and bending resistances of the joint part are higher than those of PHC pile itself. PHC piles with 400mm diameter are joined by the new method within 4 minutes while 25 minutes for welding method. Bearing capacities of the PHC piles joined by the new method are nearly the same as those of jointed PHC piles by welding method.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.316-321
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• 2003

The spatter and porosity could be occurred during $CO_2$ CW laser welding of Primer-coated Steel for Shipbuilding. This study has suggested an alternative idea by examining of weld-defect formation mechanism. The primer-coated plate has caused the spatter, humping bead and porosity and these are main part of the welding defect, attributed to the powerful vaporizing pressure of primer attached on the base metal. The zinc of primer has a boiling point that is the lower temperature than melting point of steel. Zinc va}X)f will build up at the interface between the two sheets and this tends to deteriorate the quality of the weld by ejecting weld material from lap position or leaving porosity. Therefore introducing a small gap clearance in the lap position, the zinc vapor could escape through it and sound weld beads can be acquired. In conclusion, we suggested the occurred and prevented mechanism of weld defects with searching the factor.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2003

For the purpose of clarifying the influence of welding residual stress to the fatigue crack propagations behaviour, an analytical investigation based on finite element method is performed to examine the opening behaviour of tip-closed crack in the compressive residual stress. A finite element model comprised of contact elements for the crack plane and plane stress elements for the base material is used to evaluate crack opening stress of the crack existing in the residual stress field. Also an analytical method based on the superposition principle to estimate the length of opened part of tip closed crack and the stress distribution adjacent to the crack during uploading is applied to the finite element model. The software for the analysis is ABAQUS, which is a general purpose finite element package. The results show that stresses distributed on the crack surfaces are reduced and approached to zero as the applied stresses are increased up to crack tip opening stress and no mechanical discontinuity is found at the boundary of contact elements and plane stress elements. It is verified that the opening behavior of the fatigue crack in the residual stress can be predicted by finite element method with the proposed analytical method.