• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2023

The importance of weight discrimination for people with obesity has been highlighted by research which has found that more than 40% of those living with obesity have experienced weight discrimination. Evidence suggests that weight bias among obese individuals puts their health at risk more than health issues caused by obesity itself. Although bias, stigma, and discrimination towards individuals living with obesity are factors that make it difficult for them to lose weight, weight bias and stigma among healthcare professionals are common, causing individuals living with obesity to avoid treatment and potentially exacerbating obesity-related health issues. The concept that one's own efforts matter contributes to stigma, discrimination, and bias. This issue will be more frequent among primary care providers treating individuals living with obesity; thus, it is important to acknowledge the issues of bias, stigma, and discrimination towards individuals living with obesity and to seek out solutions. In this review, I will discuss the concept of weight bias, stigma, and discrimination, the problems they cause, and seek solutions to weight prejudice, stigma, and discrimination.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Obesity occur from the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that is suggested to cause other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic effects of Maydis stigma water extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice. Maydis stigma water extract at dose of 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ slowly inhibited cell viability as compared to that of control in mature adipocytes. Also, the additions of 50 and 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Maydis stigma water extract significantly inhibited the lipid accumulations and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein(C/EBP) ${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) ${\gamma}$ expressions with dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Maydis stigma water extract at 250, 500, and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ only showed the increasing pattern on lipolysis activity. The oral treatment of Maydis stigma water extract (100 or 400 mg/kg body weight) in db/db mice only showed tendency to decrease body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER), HbA1c, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and the adipocyte size of in db/db mice. However, Maydis stigma water extract increased the insulin level in a dose dependent manner. Thus these results indicate that Maydis stigma water extracxt inhibits adipogenesis through regulation of C/EBP${\alpha}$ and PPAR${\gamma}$ expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and shows anti-hyperglycemic effect through increase of insulin secretion in db/db mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the body weight-regulatory effects of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Control group rats were fed with high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8weeks. Experimental groups rats were fed with high fat diet and administered extract of 2 kind of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma each other for 8 weeks. And observed that, body weight of rats and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol in serum of rats, and glucose, insulin of rats. The results were as follows; There were significant decrease of serum free ratty acid level in 4CH/sub 5/ group. There were significant decrease of serum glucose level in 4CH/sub 10/ group. According to above mentioned results, Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma was expected to be applied to the prevention or treatment of obesity and its complications.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.693-699
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• 2003

This present study was carried out to investigate the body weight-regulatory effects of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Control group rats were fed with high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8weeks. Experimental groups rats were fed with high fat diet and administered extract of 2 kind of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma each other for 8 weeks. And observed that, body weight of rats and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol in serum of rats, and glucose, insulin of rats. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant decrease of serum total cholesterol level in 7CH10 group. 2. There were significant decrease of serum total lipid level in 7CH5 group. 3. There were significant decrease of serum total lipid level in 7CH5 group. According to above mentioned results. Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma was expected to be applied to the prevention or treatment of obesity and its complications.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2019

The effects of stigma removal from floral organ and treatment of auxin on those regions were evaluated on the fruit growth and quality in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). The removal of stigma reduced the fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit width, while fruit growth declined as the number of removed stigma increased. The removal of stigma also resulted in reduced fruit firmness, sugar content, and total anthocyanin content, and decreased value of Hunter a for red color and increased value of Hunter b for yellow. The number of seeds deceased as the regions of removed stigma increased. The treatment of auxin on the region of removed stigma improved fruit size, while it reduced fruit firmness, sugar content, and anthocyanin content. The delay in fruit ripening was observed from both stigma removal and auxin treatment. The incidence of malformed fruits increased as the regions with removed stigma increased. The treatment of auxin also promoted fruit malformation.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2015

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate anti-obesity effects of mixed-Powder(Raphani Semen, Coicis Semen, Poria, Plantaginis Testa & Theae folium)(HP) & mixed water extract(Citri Pericarpium, Crataegi Fructus, Maydis Stigma, Allium Skin) (HE) in mice fed a high-fat diet. Method : 50 Female ICR mice were divided into six groups; Normal group (Ve), high-fat diet group (Po), Po+HP(0.6g/kg) group(HP), Po+HE(1g/kg) group(HE), Po+(HP+HE) group(HPE), Po+(HP+HE)*2 group(DHPE). For 8 weeks, these groups were fed their respective diets. Body weight, liver weight and weights of adipose tissues, GOT/GPT index changes & Blood Glucose index changes were measured respectively. Lipid profiles in serum were analyzed by kit of blood. Results : Groups HP, HE, HPE, DHPE had significantly reduced body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue weights and GOT/GPT index, blood glucose index compared to the Po group. Also, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, were significantly reduced when compared to the Po group. Group G1 had significantly increased high density lipoprotein levels. Conclusion : Mixed powder (HP) & mixed water extract (HE) show anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.812-825
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• 2015

This study explored various issues related to the quality-of-life for obese Korean men. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty men over BMI 25 whose age ranged from 20's to 50's. Projective techniques along with semi-structured interviews were used. The results of interviews were analyzed based on grounded theory. "Stress" was the main phenomenon resulting from the causal conditions of obesity and stigma. Stress consisted of social, psychological, physical and environmental factors. Contextual conditions mediating the relationship between causal conditions and main phenomenon were obesity level, pressure, and public appearance. Avoidance, change of personal traits, and insensitivity were the action/reactions to the main phenomenon. Various factors due to obesity disappeared and quality-of-life increased when they succeed in weight reduction; however, factors related to obesity and lowered condition of quality-of-life continued if they experienced a weight gain/loss yo-yo.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.695-706
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to explore and describe the disease experience of Korean women with eating disorders within psychological and sociocultural context. Methods: The participants were 12 young adult women suffering with eating disorders or have recovered from the diseases. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and analyzed according to the grounded theory methodology by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of the disease experience was 'becoming the master of life through desperate efforts'. The disease experience was categorized into five different phases including 'falling under the influence of others', 'collapsing the self: life swallowed by loosening weight', 'facing the wrecked self', 'struggling between the self and others', 'truly facing the self'. The intervening conditions were various supporting systems such as 'support from family', 'economic support' and 'support from trustworthy health professionals'. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop nursing interventions to support women with eating disorders and alleviate their suffering from eating disorders. Also specialized educational programs are warranted to prevent the eating disorders, and to reduce social stigma of eating disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.306-319
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• 2013

This study explores various issues of appearance management behavior for plus-size women in Korea with a focus on clothing. In-depth interviews and focused group interviews were conducted with 24 plus-size women. The interviews were recorded and the transcripts were analyzed based on grounded theory. Discomfort was the main phenomenon involving the experience of plus-size women related to appearance management. Psychological as well as physiological/physical discomfort, unmet needs (regarding clothing) and inconvenient shopping experiences were frequently mentioned. Causal conditions for discomfort were obesity, social stigma, and an underdeveloped clothing market for plus-size consumers. Interviewees developed strategies to cope with discomfort (suppressing clothing need, loss of interest in clothing, diversion from clothing needs, sole focus on physical comfort, dress-up and increase in shopping channels, and change in shopping patterns) that depended on contextual conditions (such as duration of obesity and attitudes of people) close to the interviewees. The discomfort of interviewees decreased or continued depending on if they became ambivalent about their obese condition, lost weight, or utilized plus-size specialty stores.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.254-267
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• 2018

The phenotypic traits of 63 Asian plum varieties were investigated for three years to select those with superior qualities for breeding. Eight morphological characteristics of the flowers and fruits (e.g., stigma position, fruit skin, and flesh color) were evaluated. Phenological characteristics (e.g., blooming time and ripening time) were also monitored. Being useful traits for breeding, fruit quality factors (e.g., fruit weight, skin color, flesh color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity) were evaluated as well. The majority of the fruits were cordate (36%) and circular (23%) in shape. Approximately 78% of the varieties showed a red skin color, whereas 67% had yellowish fruit flesh. Fruit ripening occurred from June 28th to September 5th, spanning 69 days. The average fruit weight and soluble solids content were 77.2 g and $12.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Regarding correlations among the characteristics, the most significant correlation coefficients were for the ripening time and fruit size parameters. Such information of Asian plum varieties will be useful for future breeding programs.