• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2023

Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is among the devastating neurological complications with mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates ranging from 14.7% to 44.7% in preterm infants. The medical techniques have improved throughout the years, as the morbidity-free survival rate of very-low-birth-weight infants has increased; however, the neonatal and long-term morbidity rates have not significantly improved. To this date, there is no strong evidence on pharmacological management on GM-IVH, due to the limitation of well-designed randomized controlled studies. However, recombinant human erythropoietin administration in preterm infants seems to be the only effective pharmacological management in limited situations. Hence, further high-quality collaborative research studies are warranted in the future to ensure better outcomes among preterm infants with GM-IVH.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The respiratory burst oxidase of neutrophils is a multicomponent enzyme, domant in resting cells, that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to $O_{2}^{-}$ at the expense of NADPH. In the resting neutrophil, some of the components of the oxidase, including proteins p47 and p67, are in the cytosol, while the rest are in the plasma membrane. Recent evidence has suggested that at least some of the cytosolic oxidase components exist as a complex. The cytosolic complex with a molecular weight of ~240 kDa was found to bind to blue-agarose and 2',5'-ADP-agarose, which recognize nucleotide requiring enzymes. In order to identify the nucleotide binding component of the cytosolic complex we purified recombinant p47 and p67 fusion proteins using the pGEX system. Pure recombinant p47 was retained completely on 2',5'-ADP-agarose, whereas pure recombinant p67 did not bind to these affinity beads. On the basis of these results, we infer that p47 may contain the nucleotide binding site.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.349-370
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• 2016

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic bill of lading for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. First, to build a negotiation system for electronic B/Ls, active participation from related parties in addition to the government support is essential. Second, electronic B/Ls cannot be utilized within a short period of time in current commercial practices. Third, there should be infrastructure which connects all parties of international commerce through an electronic system. Fourth, instead of promoting mutual recognition through international treaty, there should be a plan which legally specifying mutual recognition between certification authorities. Fifth, it is needed to ease the strictness of electronic signature to promote the global negotiation of electronic B/Ls. Lastly, in prima facie weight of evidence, there was a significant difference with the Rotterdam Rules even in comparison with the Commercial Act which was amended with the significantly advanced rules on electronic B/L. He believed there should be a discreet consideration on these matters at the revision of the Commercial Act. For this, the government has to provide support more aggressively with more interest and commitments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1291-1295
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• 2004

Histology and transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out on buffalo muscles that were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles at -10 and $-18^{\circ}C$. In the first freeze thaw cycle ($-10^{\circ}C$) structures of muscle showed slight change and closely resembled to those of normal muscle. There were frequent gaps in the half way across the fibres and some cracks in individual fibre were also noticed in second freeze thaw cycle. In the muscle frozen at $-18^{\circ}C$, more pronounced shrinkage with extensive damage of fibres with tearing was observed. The interfibrillar gaps were wider, shrinkage and tearing of the fibres were more distinct after second freeze-thaw cycle. After the second cycle, the interior portion showed large scale degradation of the ultrastructure. Our studies of buffalo muscle showed that under the proper condition, little structural damage takes place in the meat histology and ultrastructure under repeated freeze-thaw conditions. This study adds continued weight to the evidence that limited freeze-thaw cycles will not deteriorate the quality of meat.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2001

Purpose : To investigate the effects of exercise combined with behavior modification therapy on the degree of obesity. blood lipid level and self-esteem in obese middle aged women. Method : 18 obese middle-aged women volunteers with a BMI over 30% were assigned to exercise combined with behavior modification therapy (n=9) or to a control group(n=9). For the intervention the experiment group used walking outdoors as excercise and behavior modification therapy for 12 weeks. Result Body weight, BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, and % TC/HDL-C were significantly decreased in experimental group. Changes in HDL-C and self-esteem were significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion : This study provides evidence that regular exercise combined with behavior modification is effective in changing the degree of obesity, blood lipid level and self esteem in obese middle-aged women over 12 weeks.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.219-225
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• 2001

The basic structure for assessment of potential health risks from environmental chemicals is widely agreed upon, but many of the details of risk assessment procedures differ among practitioners. Government regulatory agencies typically have guidelines or standard procedures for their risk assessments, established to ensure consistency and comparability, to set standards for adequacy, and to embody underlying tenets. In setting and updating such guidelines, each agency takes into account not only the prevailing thinking about appropriate procedures, but also its own goals and responsibilities and the precedents it has set for itself in past analyses. This results in variations in methods, and consequently in characterization of risks, among regulatory assessments, even when they are based on the same data. As a result, adopting existing assessments from a variety of regulatory bodies needs to be done with caution. This paper examines some of the variants in risk assessment approaches among American federal regulatory agencies and relates them to the variations in regulatory responsibilities of those groups. Comparisons to international practices are also drawn. The impact on development of world-wide risk standards is discussed.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Low back pain is a common clinical condition with heterogeneous causes and challenges to manage. High prevalence and numerous assessments result in an enormous socioeconomic burden. Clinician must conduct efficient and stepwise evaluation process to rule out serious spinal pathology, neurologic involvement, and identify risk factors for chronicity. The process can be achieved through the focused history taking and physical examination. Certain factors related to serious spinal pathology include age (>50 years), trauma, unexplained fever, recent urinary or skin infection, unrelenting night or rest pain, unexplained weight loss, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, steroid use, and widespread neurological symptoms. In non-specific low back pain, diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies are often unnecessary and can disturb an appropriate management. For the management of acute low back pain, patient education and medication such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants are recommended. For chronic low back pain, behavior therapy, back exercise, and spinal manipulation are beneficial. The evidence based approach could improve success rate of management, result in prevention of acute low back pain from being chronic intractable pain.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.251-261
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• 1993

The subacute toxicity of combined antibiotics, SP-102 (Sulbactam.Piperacilline), was examined in S.D.rats. Four groups of rats were administered intraperitoneally with 0, 512, 1280 and 3200 mg/kg/day of SP-102 for 30 days. Hain clinical sign related to the compound was soft stool. The body weight gain was slightly decreased in male rats treated with 1280, 3200 mg/kg and in female rats treated with 1280 mg/kg of SP-102. Water consumption was significantly increased in rats administered with SP-102. There were no dose-related changes of urinalysis, biochemical examination and hematological findings in all the groups treated with SP-102. Gross necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to SP-102. Our data indicate that no-observed effect level of SP-102 is below 512 mg/kg in male and female rats. Maximum tolerated dose of SP-102 was estimated to be above 3200 ma/kg in this study.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

Cordyceps bassiana is a parasitic fungus and used as a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been called as DongChungHaCho(summer-plant, winter-worm) in China. Acute oral toxicity was examined in male and female ICR mice. Butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana(BuCb) was administered orally at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg, 10,000 mg/kg. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. The acute toxicity test on mouse did not show any oversign in net body weight gain, food and water consumptions, organ weights, gross pathological findings by different doses of BuCb. Also, biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. These findings show that BuCb has wide margin of safety on acute toxicity with single exposure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 1976

자연계에서 카드뮴 내성균을 142주 분리하여 그 중 1,500 ppm의 카드뮴 함유배지에서 가장 잘 증식하는 1주를 선발하여 Enterobater cloacae로 동정하였다. 본균은 배지중 카드뮴의 농도가 높아질수록 생장이 억제되었으며 0.5ppm의 카드뮴 함유 배지에서 최고 59%의 카드뮴을 균체내에 축적하였다. 카드뮴의 축적량은 균체의 건물양에 비례하여 균체 건물 1g당 7.8 mg이었으며 균체내 축적된 카드뮴은 60-70%가 세포벽획분에 존재하였다.