• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.740-748
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of enzyme complex (metalloprotease and xylanase) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat storability of broiler chickens. The experiment utilized a 2 (basal and low spec diets) ${\times}$ 3 (0, 0.5 or 1 g/kg of enzyme supplementation) factorial arrangement. A total of 360 male Ross broilers were randomly assigned into the following six groups: BD-T0 (basal diet + enzyme complex 0 g/kg), BD-T1 (basal diet + enzyme complex 0.5 g/kg), BD-T2 (basal diet + enzyme complex 1 g/kg), LD-T0 (low spec diet + enzyme complex 0 g/kg), LD-T1 (low spec diet + enzyme complex 0.5 g/kg), LD-T2 (low spec diet + enzyme complex 1 g/kg). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 42 days, during which time feed intake and body weight were measured at one-week intervals. After the feeding trial, chickens were slaughtered by exsanguination and samples were collected. Feed intake was lower in the enzyme supplemented groups than the non-supplemented groups (p<0.05), as were body weight and gain (p<0.05). Thus, the feed conversion ratio improved in the enzyme supplemented groups relative to the non-supplemented groups (p<0.05). The carcass rate and production index were also significantly improved by supplementation with enzyme complex (p<0.05). Finally, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were lower in the enzyme supplementation groups after 6 storage days (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with enzyme complex including metalloprotease and xylanase improved growth performance, carcass characteristics, and storability of broiler chicken meat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.593-606
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• 2005

Present study was conducted to investigate the optimal feeding levels for producing the high quality meat on the basis of the information deriving from the comparison of the growth performance and carcass characteristics among breeds(Holstein vs F1, Holstein♀×Hanwoo♂), sex(steer vs heifer) and interaction between breed and sex. Thirty two animals on 4 treatments(i.e. eight head each) were used for 540 days from seven to 24 months of age. The results obtained are summarized as follows; the range of average daily gains was 0.733 to 1.018, 0.994 to 1.255, 0.947 to 1.259 and 0.736 to 0.824kg for the growing, the early-fattening, the mid- fattening and the finishing periods, respectively. The range of average daily gains for the entire period was 0.882 to 1.061kg. The gains were higher for Holstein(7.3%) and the steers(10.5%) than F1 and the heifers, respectively. Concentrates and total digestible nutrients intakes per kg gain were higher for Holstein and the heifers than F1 and the steers, respectively. These findings may indicate that feed utilization is higher for Holstein than F1, and higher for the steers than the heifers. In carcass characteristics, back fat thickness was thicker for Holstein than F1, and rib-eye area was smaller for Holstein than F1. The rib-eye area per kg carcass weight was larger for F1 and the heifers than Holstein and the steers, respectively. Meat color was better for Holstein than F1, but the sex distinction did not show any differences. In physicochemical properties of longissimus dorsi, shear force, cooking loss, water holding capacity and the panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor for F1 and the heifers were better than those for Holstein and the steers, respectively. According to the above results, we may conclude that F1 and heifers rather than Holstein and steers are recommended for high quality meat production. In steers and heifers of Holstein and F1, the optimal feeding levels may be 1.9% of apparent body weight for concentrates and 25% of concentrates intake for rice straw.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2006

The wastes (the needle leaves and branches) produced from thinning the forest were fermented under an anaerobic condition (pine silage) to utilize as a forage source of ruminants. An in situ trial was conducted with two ruminally fistulated Korean native cows by 4 replicates (2 bags per cow), and in vivo digestibility of pine silage was estimated with five Korean native steers by 5 replicates in incomplete double turn-over design. In order to investigate feed efficiency and carcass traits, forty eight Korean native bulls were assigned to four treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% of pine silage) with a completely randomized design in 12 pens accommodating 4 animals per pen. The amounts of concentrate and roughage allowed to experimental animals were in the range of 2.5% and 0.6% of body weight, respectively. Animals had freely accessed to mineral block and water in stanchion barn.An in situ crude protein digestibility of the roughage sources when suspended for 48 hrs in the rumen was higher for feeding the pine silage than the rice straw, whereas NDF digestibility was vice versa. No differences between the treatments were observed in in vivo digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and NDF. Daily body weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher for the pine silage substitutions compared with the rice straw feeding except for the 25% silage feeding. The pine silage feeding did not affect feed efficiency.In carcass traits, marbling score tended to be higher for the 50% pine silage treatment than the other treatments while back fat thickness tended to be the thinnest for the rice straw feeding. From these results, it may be recommended to substitute pine silage, as a forage source, for rice straw by 50 percent.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on meat quality, growth performance and fecal malodor gas emission in finishing pigs. Thirty-six pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, $83.53{\pm}1.01\;kg$ average initial body weight) were used in a 35 d growth assay. Dietary treatments were 1) CON (basal diet), 2) B1 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.1%) and 3) B2 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.2%). The pigs were distributed into four pigs per pen with three replicate pens per treatments by completely randomized design. For the entire period, the final weight, ADO, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. There were no significant differences in meat quality (sensory evalution, meat color, TBARS, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and M. longissimus dorsi area) among the treatments. $H_2S$ was significantly decreased in B2 treatment compared to CON and B1 treatments (p<0.05). However, ammonia, mercaptans and acetic acid were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, B. subtilis 0.2% treatments decreased fecal $H_2S$ gas emission in finishing pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2014

We investigated the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts of two roasted coffee beans (Vietnam robusta and Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2) and fermented coffee beans with Monascus rubber mycelium (MR) by solid-state culture. C57B/L6 mice were divided into seven groups: normal diet (ND) group, high fat diet (HFD) group, and HFD groups with hot water extracts from Vietnam robusta coffee beans (HFD-VR), MR-fermented Vietnam robusta coffee beans (HFD-VR-MR), MR-fermented Vietnam robusta coffee beans with 10% brown rice (HFD-VR-MR-BR10), Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 coffee beans (HFD-ES), and MR-fermented Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 coffee beans (HFD-ES-MR). After 6 weeks, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were higher in the HFD group, but significantly reduced in the coffee extracts-fed groups. The HFD-ES-MR group showed greater body weight reduction than the HFD-ES group. The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor all tended to decrease in groups fed Vietnam robusta coffee extracts compared to the HFD group. These results suggest that Vietnam robusta and Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 may be used to make functional coffee beverages with anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle(Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base $4.0{\%}$) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of $1.0{\%}, 2.0{\%}, 3.0{\%}$ added to Dasi-EX) drinks on lipid metabolism of stressed mice. ICR male mice ($20 {\pm} 2 g$) were fed experimental diets and given free through water bottle filled with these beverages instead of water for 18 days including sociopsychological stress of 4 days. Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups resulted in slight decreases $3{\$}$ in body weight gain and $6{\~}12{\%}$ in feed and gross efficiencies compared with control groups. Serum protein contents were slightly increased $1{\~}5{\%}$ by administrations of these beverages compared with control group, reflecting inhibitory effect of sociopsychological stress by increase of protein levels. Significant differences in serum cholesterol contents of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in marked decreases ($13{\~}17{\%}$) in serum cholesterol contents compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol contents resulted in marked decreases ($about 20 and 25{\%}$, respectively) in Fuco-II and III groups, whereas HDL-cholesterol content was significantly increases ($about 16{\%}$) in Fuco-III group compared with control group. Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases ($15{\%}, 20{\%} and 40{\%}$, respectively) in atherogenic index (AI) compared with control group. Significant differences in serum lipid peroxide (LPO) contents of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in a significant decrease about $10{\%}$ in serum LPO contents compared with control group. These results suggested that fucoidan drinks added sea tangle could significantly inhibited chronic degenerative diseases by improvement of effective lipid metabolism or fucoidan component.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2014

Heat manipulation at early age has been known to help chickens cope with heat stress later in life. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of early heat conditioning at 5 days of age on performance in broilers when re-exposed to heat stress later in life. Day-old, 256 Arbor Acre boiler chicks were housed in two identical rooms where all broilers were exposed to a 23-h light: 1-h dark cycle throughout the study and provided with feed and water ad libitum. At the age of 5 days, one group was exposed to $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and then returned to the temperature at which control birds were maintained (early heat condition group) while the other was maintained without heat modulation (Control). On 21 days, broilers were regrouped into 4 groups (CON+CON: control+control; CON+HS: control+heat stress; HC+CON: heat conditioning+control; HC+HS: heat conditioning+heat stress), and given 7 days for adaptation. On 28 days, birds in one room were exposed to heat stress ($21^{\circ}C{\rightarrow}31^{\circ}C$) for 3 days whereas those in the other were at room temperature. Heat stress resulted in decreased feed intake, water intake, and body weight gain (P<0.05), but increased rectal temperature and mortality (P<0.05). No beneficial effects of heat conditioning were detected when broilers were exposed to heat stress again at later in life. The present results were discussed together with other studies regarding possible differences in methods such as ages of breeders and strains, which may have resulted in the failure of heat conditioning to help broilers resist heat stress.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary Mogchotan(the mixture of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, 80:20, w/w) supplementation on fattening performance, fatty acid composition and the physico-chemical characteristics of meat in pigs. The present study was also stressed to investigate the possibility of industrial utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid as a livestock feed additive. Weight gain and feed conversion in pigs fed the Mogchotan supplemented diet were higher than those of the control group. In fatty acids composition, palmitic acid(C16:0) contents of Mogchotan treatment groups were lower than that of control group. However, Mogchotan supplementation increased C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 contents when compared with control group pigs. Also, Mogchotan supplementation groups decreased saturated fatty acids level than control group. On the other hand, Mogchotan supplementation showed higher unsaturated fatty acids value, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids value compared to control group. The carcass pH of pigs fed the Mogchotan tended to be higher than control, but was not significantly different. The water holding capacity was significantly higher in pigs fed the 3.0% Mogchotan-supplemented diet than those of other treatment groups(p<0.05). Altogether, it has been suggested that dietary $1{\sim}3%$ of Mogchotan supplementation improved the fattening performance and meat quality in pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 1983

This study was carried out to compare the feed utilization between pelleted and all-mash diet of similar composition by growing chickens. Day-old broilers (Hubbard) and egg-type chickens(Hy-line) of commercial strain were employed in this experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The chickens fed pelleted diets were heavier than those of birds fed all-mash diets. The Hubbard broilers and Hy-line chickens fed pelleted diets weighed 2,702g and 812g respectively, at 9 weeks of age. In comparison, the Hubbard broilers and Hy-line chickens fed all-mash diets weighed 2,571g and 777g respectively, at 9 weeks of age. 2. The pellet-fed chickens consumed more feeds than birds fed all-mash diets in both types of strain. Feed efficiencies (gain/feed) of Hubbard and Hy-line chickens were 0.38 and 0.26 in pellet feeding groups, and 0.36 and 0.25 in all-mash feeding groups, respectively. The Hy-line chickens fed pelleted diets drank more water than birds fed all-mash diets. 3. Pellet feeding groups produced more dry matter excreta as compared with all-mash feeding groups, reflecting the pattern of feed consumption by these chickens. Nitrogen retention ratio of the Hubbard and Hy-line chickens were 57-67% and 65-73%, respectively. Chickens fed pelleted diets showed 1-4% higher nitrogen retention than chickens fed all-mash diets. 4. The ME/GE ratio of the Hubbard and the Hy-line at 8 weeks of age were 73.4-74.3% and 82.8-83.8%, respectively. Pellet feeding groups showed 1% higher ME/GE ratio than all-mash feeding groups. 5. The dietary productive energy calculated from respiratory quotient was $94.1-102.6kca/kg^{\frac{3}{4}}$ BW/day in pellet feeding groups. The ratios of PE/GE were 41.3-48.9% in pellet feeding groups and 39.0-45.8% in all-mash feeding groups. 6. It appears that pelleting the all-mash diet increases feed consumption and body weight gain of growing chickens. Feed efficiency and energy utilization were also improved by pelleting process. More research work should be done to establish the relationship clearly between feed pelleting and heat increments.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplement of fermented clay mineral (FCM) on the growth performance and immune stimulation in broiler chickens. A total of 36,800 broilers, (of) Ross strain-208, were randomly allotted into 2 experimental (diet) groups. Control group was fed the basal diet (corn-soybean meal based), and treatment group was fed the natural clay mineral that was fermented with aboriginal microorganisms at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experiment for 5 weeks of experimental feeding period. Daily weight gain of treatment group fed 0.3% fermented clay mineral was significantly increased in comparison with control group. Feed intake of treatment group was significantly increased 21.4% (p<0.05), and feed efficiency was also increased 2.7% compared to control group. Especially, growth rate and production index of treatment group were significantly higher as much as 4.4% and 4.8%, respectively, than those of control group (p<0.05). By the feeding of dietary 0.3 % FCM, the antibody productions against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease antigens were shown to increase 13.8 % and 15.7 %, respectively, more than control group chickens. From these results, it appears that the supply of fermented clay mineral at 0.3 % level in the broiler chicken diet could enhance the growth performance and immune stimulation of broiler chickens.