• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the progress of weight and waist circumference(WC) through oriental obesity treatment and clarify the correlation between weight loss and WC change. Methods The subjects were treated from January 2007 to September 2009 in J Oriental Medical Center. Herbal medicine, electroacupuncture, oriental obesity physiotherapy were performed for a month. We checked the change of weight and WC at every treatment. We classified the WC into upper, middle, lower parts specifically and measured them individually. Measurements were analyzed by using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and we also investigated correlation between weight loss and WC change. Results (1) During the first and second treatment sessions, the weight loss was the highest, $0.96{\pm}0.86\;kg$($1.46{\pm}1.32\;%$) and during the 5th and 6th treatment sessions, the lowest $0.37{\pm}0.616\;kg$. The final weight loss was $3.71{\pm}1.476\;kg$($5.51{\pm}2.12\;%$). (2) After 8 treatment sessions, the reductions of upper, middle and lower WC were $3.59{\pm}2.26\;%$, $5.93{\pm}2.75\;%$, $5.51{\pm}3.22\;%$, respectively. As the patients received more treatment, there was a progressive decline in the variation of weight and middle WC. However, the decline rate of upper and middle WC fluctuated during the treatments, forming a W-shaped curve. (3) Analysis of the correlation between the weight loss and WC change shows that the reduction of middle WC was most closely associated with the weight loss. Conclusions This study indicated that the rate of weight loss and WC reduction showed stagnation during the 5th and 6th treatment sessions, and the reduction of middle WC was most closely associated with the weight loss. Since the progress of weight and WC change is an important field of research on obesity, further systemic studies would be needed for the foundation of a clinical guideline.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.836-844
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• 2006

Background: Mahuang (Ephedra sinica STAPF) is well known as an herbal medicine and has been widely used to reduce body weight and increase athletic ability. However, as a result of reporting many cases of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, use of dietary supplements containing ephedra was prohibited by the FDA. Objectives : The object of this study was to find the effectiveness of ephedra on weight loss without severe adverse effect. Methods : 16 healthy volunteers consisting of an ephedra group (N=8) and a placebo group (N=8) were investigated. Study form was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The ephedra group took 12g of ephedra while the placebo group took 12g of glutinous rice powder. Both groups were measured with BCA (body composition analysis) on weight loss and with HRV (heart rate variability) on its adverse effect before and after medication. Results : The following results were obtained after taking 12g of ephedra for 14 days. In the ephedra group, body weight reduced significantly. In the placebo group, there were no significant differences of body weight between before and after placebo treatment. There was a slight increase of heart beat rate and deactivation of cardiac activity. Parasympathetic nerves were deactivated, but balances of autonomic nervous system were well maintained. Conclusions : The results suggest that ephedra in healthy adults tends to reduce body weight and deactivation of autonomic nervous system and cardiac activity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purification of chitin and chitosan for textile finishing agent from crab shell. Weight loss rate(removing Ca and protein), degree of deacetylation, solubility and MIC(Minimum growth inhibitory concentration) value of chitosan and molecular weight of the treated crab shell were measured. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Weight loss rate(removing Ca) of crab shell treated with HCI increased with the concentration of HCI and treatment time, but it became constant over 60 min. of treatment time. 2) Weight loss rate(removing protein) of crab shell treated with NaOH(0.5N∼2N) increased with the concentration of NaOH and treatment temperature and time, but it became constant above loot of temperature and over 200 min. of treatment time. 3) Degree of deacetylation of chitin treated with NaOH increased with the concentration of NaOH(40∼60％), but molecular weight decreased and thus MIC value increased. 4) Concentration of acetic acid should be above 0.3％ to dissolve chitosan easily. Solubility for chitosan was the highest with formic acid, and the next was acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid and sulfuric acid in order.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2003

This study is mainly concerned with phenomenon of cavitation-erosion on the several materials and corrosive liquids which were applied with vibrator(suggested by ASTM G 32, 20KHz, 50$mu extrm{m}$). The maximum erosion rate by cavitation erosion in both of distilled water and sea water appeared to be proportioned to their hardness and tensile strength. Cavitation weight loss and rate of cast iron in sea water condition were greater(approximately 3 times) than that in distilled water condition, however in case of stainless steel and brass the cavitation weight loss of composite materials were not so different in both of their conditions. Cavitation weight loss of composite materials were shown as below on this test, Duratough DL : Weight loss in sea-water condition were greater (approximately 2.3 times) than it's distilled water condition. The main tendency of cavitation erosion for metals appeared that small damaged holes causing by cavitation erosion was observed with radial pattern. On the other hand, the tendency for composites appeared that small damaged holes were observed randomly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.227-233
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• 1999

This study is mainly concerned with phenomenon of cavitation-erosion on the several materials and corrosive liquids which were applied with vibrator (suggested by ASTM G-32, 20KHZ, 24{$mu}m$).The main results obtained are summarized as follows ; (1) The maximum erosion rate by cavitation erosion in both of fresh-water and sea-water appeared to be proportioned to their hardness and tensile strength. (2) Cavitation weight loss and rate of cast iron in sea-water condition were greater (approximately 3 times) than that in distilled-water condition, however in case of stainless and brass the cavitation weight loss and their rates were not so different in both of their conditions. (3) Cavitation weight loss of composite materials were shown as below on this test, DuraTough DL : Weight loss in sea-water condition were greater (approximately 2.3 times) than it's fresh-water condition. (4) As the result of observation with digital camea of specimens, the main tendency of cavitation erosion for metals, was that small damaged holes causing by cavitation e개sion was appeared with radial pattern, and composites materials was that small damaged holes were appeared randomly.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2018

Dynamic energy balance can give clinicians important answers for why obesity is so resistant to control. When food intake is reduced for weight control, all components of energy expenditure change, including metabolic rate at rest (resting energy expenditure [REE]), metabolic rate of exercise, and adaptive thermogenesis. This means that a change in energy intake influences energy expenditure in a dynamic way. Mechanisms associated with reduction of total energy expenditure following weight loss are likely to be related to decreased body mass and enhanced metabolic efficiency. Reducing calorie intake results in a decrease in body weight, initially with a marked reduction in fat free mass and a decrease in REE, and this change is maintained for several years in a reduced state. Metabolic adaptation, which is not explained by changes in body composition, lasts for more than several years. These are powerful physiological adaptations that induce weight regain. To avoid a typically observed weight-loss and regain trajectory, realistic weight loss goals should be established and maintained for more than 1 year. Using a mathematical model can help clinicians formulate advice about diet control. It is important to emphasize steady efforts for several years to maintain reduced weight over efforts to lose weight. Because obesity is difficult to reverse, clinicians must prioritize obesity prevention. Obesity prevention strategies should have high feasibility, broad population reach, and relatively low cost, especially for young children who have the smallest energy gaps to change.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

Three spring potato varieties (Atlantic, Chubaek, and Superior) were cultivated for 80, 90, and 100 days and compared in terms of their total and marketable yields and specific gravities. Subsequently, changes in the quality parameters (weight loss, sprouting rate, disease incidence, dry weight, and specific gravity) of potatoes cultivated for 100 days were monitored during two-month storage in improved and semi-underground warehouses at 4℃ and room temterature. The productivities of Atlantic, Superior, and Chubaek were maximized at cultivation periods of 100, 100, and >90 days, respectively. In all cases, cold storage resulted in <5.3% weight loss and no marketability loss. However, two-month room temperature storage resulted in pronounced marketability loss due to weight loss (6.2, 7.3% and 10.9% for Atlantic, Superior, and Chubaek, respectively) and sprouting (in ~13%, >75%, and 99% of Atlantic, Superior, and Chubaek tubers, respectively). The marketability of Atlantic, Superior, and Chubaek during cold storage was maintained for >2, ~2, and <2 months, respectively. All varieties were characterized by rapid sprouting, low dry weight and specific gravity, and rapid marketability loss during storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1994

A microcomputer system consisting of 16-bit microcomputer, PCL-711S interface board, censors, and converters have been set up in order to automatically measure temperature, humidity and weight loss which are major variables of storage of apple. This system was operated by PC-LabDAS software. It has been possible to measure continuously the weight loss of Fuji apple stored in CA with the weight converter made by a miniature load cell and a strain amplifier. The temperature was checked by a k-type thermocouple and Pt 100 $\Omega$ RTD, and humidity by PQ653JAl humidity sensor. It has been possible to set up a linear equation which showers high correlationship between the estimate of temperature, weight humidity and the output of the converter in that r2 is more than 0.99. Transpiration rate, a significant factor of quality deterioration for CA storage of apple, can be estimated with these values.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.313-319
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• 2003

Dry weight loss and nutrient release from leaf litter for six tree species were studied using litter bag methods. The litter bags were incubated for f6 months on the forest floor in temperate deciduous forest in Mt. Cheonma, located at the middle part of Korean Peninsula. The changes in nutrient content and the rate of dry weight loss in leaf litter varied with litter types. The litter of Pinus densiflora showed the lowest rate of mass loss (k=0.33), nitrogen concentration (0.89%) and ash concentration (2.50%), while showed the highest C/N ratio (63.40). On the other hand, the litter of Acer pseudo-sieboldianum showed the fastest rate of mass loss (k=0.82), the highest nitrogen concentration (1.11%), and the lowest C/N ratio (49.40). During the decomposition, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the leaf litters showed relatively slow decreasing pattern compared to other elements (carbon, potassium, magnesium, manganese and sodium), but potassium and sodium decreased at early stage of the decomposition for all leaf litters. Differences in annual decomposition rates of litter among species were consistent with the particular chemical characteristics of their leaf litters. The initial concentration of nitrogen was positively correlated with litter decomposition rate for six species, while litter decomposition rate of six species was negatively correlated with C:N ratio of initial leaf litters.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 2000

The effects of storage temperature and high relative humidity (RH) on the weight loss, color change, and microbial activity of a mushroom ('Sylvan' hybrid white) were investigated. The experiment was performed at three temperature (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$) and four different relative humidity levels (91, 94, 97 and 99%). The weight loss of the tested samples had a highly correlated linear relationship with storage time at each RH level during storage. Both the storage temperature and RH levels in the experiment had signigicant effects (p<0.05) on the weight-loss rate of the tested samples. The loss whiteness of mushrooms was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by RH ranges at the same temperature. No visible damage was caused by either bacteria or fungi in all samples during storage.