• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2012

Purpose: Somatic growth is an important indicator of health in children. Adequate organ growth is essential in growth and directly related to body growth. We consider renal length as a surrogate of organ growth in growing children. Measurement of weight, height, and many anthropometric indices, such as body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), and Rohrer and Kaup indices, are used to evaluate growth status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between renal length and somatic parameters and analyze the affecting factors for renal size during growth. Methods: The data for renal length in 66 children (age, $12.9{\pm}15.6$ months; male/female, 34/32) were obtained. Each kidney was measured with ultrasonography and dimercaptosuccinic acid scan. The data on age, sex, height, and weight were obtained from the medical records. BSA, BMI, and Rohrer and Kaup indices were calculated from measured height and weight. BSA was calculated by 2 methods, and is expressed as BSA I and BSA II. Results: There were significant correlations between renal size and age, weight, height, BSA I, BSA II, and Rohrer index. In the regression analysis, the most significant contributing factor to renal growth was height ($R^2$=0.636, $P$ <0.001). Conclusion: Height seems to be the most important factor associated with organ growth in growing children. Further studies to evaluate adequate organ growth should be carried out.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.76-83
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• 1999

This study was carried to investigate optimum conditions of charcoal added paper in making cigarette filter for the removal of smoke contents of cigarettes. We investigated the physical properties of charcoal added paper according to the ratio of pulps, the amounts of characoal , the weight of sheets and crimping conditions in dry method, and then analyzed the smoke contents of cigarettes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Sw-BKP was higher than Hw-BKP in methylene blue absorption by UV test. 2. Charcoal had an effect on stiffness for decreasing factor greatly , while the addition amounts of Sw-BKP and high weigth of sheets increased it, and the interaction of weight of sheets and charcoal was higher than other factors. 3. Tear index decreased by charcoal addition greatly, on the other hand high weight of sheets and Sw-BKP/Hw-BKP ratio increased ter, and the interaction of pulps and chacoal acted on major factors. 4. We estimated crimp index with sensory evaluation , and charcoal hand an effect on decreasing factor in crimping greatly, while the interaction of weight of sheets and pulp ratio was higher than others. 5. In the case of charcoal added paper filter, tar removal efficiency of smoke contents was higher but about 6% than cigarette filter. Especially vapour phase(aldehyde) in smoke contents was removed greatly.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2005

개발형 건설프로젝트의 성공은 사업초기단계에서 얼마나 정확히 프로젝트의 타당성을 분석하고 예측하는가에 달려 있다. 그러나 건설프로젝트는 매우 다양하고 각 프로젝트별로 고려되는 요소들도 각기 다르게 적용된다. 또한, 다양한 주변의 환경요인으로 인해 프로젝트의 타당성을 사업초기단계에서 예측하는 것이 어려운 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 개발형 프로젝트중 공동주택 개발사업의 사업타당성 분석에 필요한 분석 대상항목 및 평가기준 설정을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 분석 대상항목 및 평가기준설정을 위해 관련 전문가를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 실시하여 각 분석 대상항목별 중요도에 의한 가중치를 산정하여 타당성 분석 평가기준을 마련하는데 이용토록 한다. 제시된 사업 타당성 분석 대상항목과 평가항목의 평가범위 기준설정은 사업타당성 분석업무 수행에 있어 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2017

In order to evaluate the grouting effects of water-rich fault in tunnels systematically, a feasible and scientific method is introduced based on the extension theory. First, eight main influencing factors are chosen as evaluation indexes by analyzing the changes of permeability, mechanical properties and deformation of surrounding rocks. The model of evaluating grouting effects based on the extension theory is established following this. According to four quality grades of grouting effects, normalization of evaluation indexes is carried out, aiming to meet the requirement of extension theory on data format. The index weight is allocated by adopting the entropy method. Finally, the model is applied to the grouting effects evaluation in water-rich fault F4-4 of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel, China. The evaluation results are in good agreement with the test results on the site, which shows that the evaluation model is feasible in this field, providing a powerful tool for systematically evaluating the grouting effects of water-rich fault in tunnels.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

This paper objected which prevented the accident occurrence of the related farm work, and developed the evaluation indicators for safety supervision on life environment of farmer and farm work to evaluate the health of farm worker and a musculoskeletal disorders. We selected the evaluation item to 82 items for executing the secondary Delphi investigation and the literature research which composed the farm work relationship specialist conference. We applied the index production of the evaluation indicators to decide the detailed element weight from the element which is farm work, the farm machine and the organization, farm workshop, dangerous substance, and life environment through the AHP techniques. Through the result, we can apply other ergonomic evaluation instrument of farm work field, but also the evaluation indicators for safety supervision on farm work.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

For rural landscape management to run in virtuous circle, the present study has paid attention to the roles and activities of local residents and administration, which are the main sectors of managing landscape. In this respect, this study is aimed to arrange the roles of local residents and administration for landscape management and propose the basic data necessary to develope evaluation index for effectiveness of rural landscape policy. Key findings and implications are as follows. First, literature reviews of 18 landscape management studies found 37 administrative roles and 7 roles of local residents. And those roles were classified into 3 factors by similar concept: 'local government support system', 'landscape management planning', and 'promoting the participation of residents'. Second, two Delphi surveys were conducted with landscape experts to verify the validity of those evaluation items by sector. Third, factor analysis was carried out to analyze the hierarchical structure of those evaluation items. 3 sub-factors were extracted from 'local government support system' sector; 2 sub-factors from the 'landscape management planning' sector; and 4 sub-factors from the 'promoting participation of residents' sector. Fourth, the hierarchy of those evaluation factors was divided into high and low classes and sub-indexes were structured to examine the relative importance of each class and assign a relative weight on each index. The most important sub-factors were turned out as follows: 'local residents' will to practice landscape activities (0.112)', 'local government budget for rural landscape management (0.088), and 'restriction on buildings by village regulation (0.068). It indicates the viewpoints of the landscape experts that local residents' voluntary participation in landscape activities and agreement of local residents on landscape management by village, e.g. village regulation, are preconditions for successful landscape management. In addition, it is significant for a local government to secure the budget of landscape management to support local residents support.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2000

건설프로젝트에서 설계품질은 전반적인 프로젝트 목표를 달성하기 위하여 고려하여야 할 중요한 요소이다. 건설프로젝트의 품질확보를 위해서는 설계단계에서부터 관리기준에 따른 지속적인 품질관리활동이 필요하며 이는 장기적 관점에서 볼 때, PDCA 싸이클에 따라 피드백 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 설계품질을 객관적인 기준에 의하여 정량적으로 평가할 수 있고, 품질정보의 효율적인 피드백이 가능한 설계품질 평가모델을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 설계품질과 설계변경의 연관성에 착안하여 설계의 결과물인 설계도면과 시방서 변경사항을 시공단계에서의 하자와 같은 개념으로 파악하고, 객관적인 설계변경정보를 이용하여 품질을 정량적으로 평가할 수 는 설계품질지수 산정방법을 제안하였다. 또한 설계품질관리 항목에 있어서 국제 품질규격인 ISO 시리즈를 적용함으로써 해외 수주 의존도가 높은 국내의 현실을 반영하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a program outcomes assessment system based on Course Embedded Assessment for nursing education. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the procedures of the developmental research method. Results: The major results are as follows. 1) The program outcomes were measured according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process. 2) The Course Embedded Assessment matrix was made according to program outcomes' weight, the curriculum-organizing principle, and achievement levels. 3) The Course Embedded Assessment rubric was developed in logical process, and consisted of a performance criterion, and rating scale. The content validity index of the Course Embedded Assessment rubric was 0.85. 4) An evaluation guideline and 12 documents were developed to facilitate the performance of the assessment system. 5) The average content validity index of the Course Embedded Assessment-based program outcomes assessment system was as high as 0.89. Conclusion: A Course Embedded Assessment-based program outcomes assessment system is more suitable for accreditation of nursing education than previous studies. Because this system evaluates the process of achievement as well as program outcomes, the results can also serve as immediate feedback to improve the educational process. Above all, this system facilitates that students check their achievements and strive to acquire core competencies in nursing.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

Arc welding process has indicated that it suffers from many flaws. It's because requirement of products is diverse and factors which affects the quality is also various. Therefore, in order to stabilize the welding process, it is important to choose a proper welding machine for the each process, and to evaluate the welding process capability of each machine. In this study, rational and simple index to evaluate the welding machine was set the coefficient of resistance variation through the arc stability examination such as spatter generation weight and bead configuration uniformity etc. And the method to evaluate the process capability index was developed by application of 6$\sigma$.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

This study develops three new models that are practically applicable to three stages of Taguchi's robust design, which includes system design, parameter design and tolerance design. In system design, the Multiple Loss Function Analysis(MLFA) and Overall Loss Index(OLI) which reflect upon weight of characteristics and importance of specification are developed. Moreover parameter design presents Process Capability Index(PCI), $C_{PUK}$ and $C_{PLK}$, in order to segregate Signal-To-Noise Ratio(SNR) into accuracy and precision for an evaluation of relative comparison. In addition, tolerance design presents the new model of allowance computation for assembled product which is primarily derived from safety margin(SM) considering functional limit and specification. The guideline of those three new models, which include systematic charts and applicable illustrations, offers convenience for practitioners in the field. Hence, the practical applications could be made with the steps of robust designs such as system design, parameter design and specification allowance design.