• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2002

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of weight control behaviors and their association with food and nutrient intake among Korean adults. Study subjects were 7,340 Koreans aged 20 years and older in the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrient Survey. Cross-sectional data were collected on weight control behavior and diet using structured questionnaire by interview. Analysis of variance following after Duncan's multiple range test was used to test the differences in food and nutrient intake among three different weight control behavior groups(weight reducing attempt, weight gaining attempt, none). Current weight control behaviors were reported by 32% of the study subjects. There were significant differences in weight control behaviors between male and female subjects; weight reducing practices were 7 times greater than weight gaining practices among female subjects while it was only 1.5 times among male subjects. Weight control behaviors were not consistently associated with food and nutrient intake among male and female subjects. Moreover, greater food and nutrient intake were observed among those who trying to reducing weight than those who did not try. Therefore, it Is necessary to educate the Korean adults that balanced food and nutrient intake with sustaind weight control effort is the ideal way to achieve healthy weight.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

This study was to investigate of body perception, attitude on weight-control and self-esteem according to the weight group of high school students. Using the questionnaires taken by 777 first grade students in six high schools in Daegu, this study was conducted from August 20th to September 10th in 2007. Statistical data analysis were completed using the SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows : First, girls are more interested in weight-control than boys, especially about obesity. As a result, they try to control their weight to lose weight in high school days with the right perception of weight. They also have good knowledge about weight-control and cut down the food intake. We need to study more about the reason why the self-esteem of girls' obesity group is high. Second, most of the boys controled weight for their health and they did exercise to lose weight and they are more satisfied with the result of weight-control and self-esteem than girls. About the body type, boys got affected by friends, and girls by TV. In boys' case, as the BMI is low and the difference between their present weight and ideal weight is small, they are more satisfied with the result of weight-control and prefer physical activities. In girls' case, as the BMI is low and their satisfaction with the weight-control result is high, they have good eating habit and high self-esteem. Third, compared with the weight group and their self-esteem, in boys' case, low-weight boys are high when they do physical activities more than 20 minutes, whereas when the normal-weights and over-weights are satisfied with their weight-control result, and the obese have good eating habit, it is high. In girls' case, the self-esteem is high when the normal-weights are satisfied with their weight-control result and over-weights prefer physical activities and the obese are interested in weight-control. Especially, the obese girls group show high self-esteem when they have interest in weight-control.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

This study was performed to document the weight loss diet practice and dietary habit related to weight control in child-bearing Korean women. The subjects were 1,434 women aged 17-39 years. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on BMI: low weight(LW) BMI < 18.5; normal weight(NW), 18.5 BMI 22.9; and overweight(OW), 23.0 BMI. Anthropometric, general characteristics, weight control practice, and the quality of diet were assessed by a questionnaire. LW group had higher rate of smoking and drinking. They also complained more subjective symptom of anemia and used less nutritional supplementation. Weight loss diet had been practiced by about 40% of subjects and the percent was increased with increasing BMI. The reason of weight loss diet were significantly different by BMI groups(p<0.05); LW to keep body in shape, OW for health. Low BMI group had experienced more side effects after weight loss diet(p<0.05). LW group usually used inappropriate method to control weight such as skipping meals and some of OW group reported using drug to lose weight. All subjects have been skipped their meals of 3.9 times per week, especially 4.3 times in LW group. By mini dietary assessment, most of the subjects did not have regular meals. LW group tended to eat what they like and OW group preferred fried food. This study showed that child-bearing aged women make a ceaseless effort apart from their weight, and LW group have a matter of grave concern because of their dietary habit and weight control practice. Additional research should be necessary to assess the relation of health and weight loss diet in young women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.825-831
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the effect on weight control and changes in serum glucose, total protein , GPT, GOT , cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus contents of seventeen overweight female college students during experimental periods [before grape diet(0 day-, after grape diet (3 day), after control diet(3 day), after normal diet(30 day)]. The mean weight, height , BMI, and Rohrer index of the subjects at the onset of the study was 58.91$\pm$5.22kg, 159.94$\pm$6.01cm, 22.96$\pm$1.17, and 20.06$\pm$1.48 respectively. During the study subjects, conducted grape diets, control diets, and normal diets to control their weight. They analyzed their changes in anthrophometric variables. The mean weight was significantly decreased from 58.29$\pm$7.85kg to 57.2$\pm$8.23kg after normal diet(p<0.05). Therefore BMI (body mass index) and Rohrer index was also significantly decreased after experimental periods. The analysis of dietary intake showed that the grape diet induced unbalanced low nutrient intake, but the intake of total calories and other nutrients were almost recovered their onset of the study during control and normal diets. The concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride GOT, and GTP were significantly(p<0.05) decreased and significantly(p<0.05) increased again during experimental periods. Calcium concentrations were not affected by grape diet, but phosphorus concentration was significantly reduced after grape and control diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of food habits and anxiety level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children(boys 44.4%, girls 55.6%) participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, average height and weight were 141.7cm and 48.1kg respectively. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index(RI) of children was significantly decreased from 167 to 163(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased from 24.5 to 23.9 (p<0.01) after body weight control program. This study also found obesity index(OI) was significantly decreased from 133% to 128%(p<0.01) of 18 children after program. There was not significant difference in food habits score but frequency of overeating, and eating frequency of meats were significantly decreased(p<0.05) after body weight control program. Also depression score significantly decreased after body weight control program(p<0.001) and there was significant negative correlation(r=-0.552) between food habits and anxiety level. The factors analysis of anxiety items indicated that children had feelings more calm and sate after program(p<0.05). Therefore continuous and practical nutritional education and psychotherapy to change food habits and anxiety level are necessary to decrease child obesity. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective physiological and psychological body health of obese children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.510-519
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muscles and adrenal gland in Young rats. 80-100g Wistar rats were divided into control, exercise, dexamethasone injection(dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min /day(20 minutes every 4 hour) at l0m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 5mg /kg body weight for 10 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min /day (20 minutes every 4 hour) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade. Body weight of both control and exercise group increased significantly until 10 days, that of both dexa and D+E group decreased significantly, resulting in 79.47 and 78.75% decrease respectively compared to the first day of experiment. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly with dexamethasone injection. Relative weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the dexa group decreased significantly compared to that of the control group. Body weight and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius of the exercise group increased significantly, and the muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris tended to increase. The Relative weight of the plantaris was comparable to the control group and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase in the exercise group. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris of the D+E group showed a tendency to increase, and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius increased significantly compared to the dexa group. The Relative weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase, and that of the plantaris of the D+E group increased significantly compared to the dexa group. Body weight, muscle weight and relative weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group did not recover to that of the control group. Adrenal gland weight of the dexa and D+E group tended to increase, and that of the exercise group increased significantly. From these results, it can be suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the decrease of body weight and hindlimb muscle weight induced by the dexamethasone injection.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.718-732
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to discover the essence and the structure of the experiences of weight control by nursing students. Methods: Participants were 12 nursing students who had tried losing weight at C university in Busan, Korea. The data were collected from June 17 to August 6, 2006. For the purpose of this study, focus group discussions and in depth interviews were employed. Results: The collected data were analyzed by using Giorgi's method. As the results of the analysis, the following four components of experience were derived: My appearance looked abnorml; Measures for self-realization; Pursuit of my own way only; Feelings of accomplishment and self confidence. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an effective weight control program with minimized side effects that are harmful to health, based on the components of the nursing students' experiences in weight control that were identified in this study.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1185-1188
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• 1996

In this paper we present a genetic approach for trajectory control algorithm of balancing weight for IWR biped walking robot. The biped walking robot, IWR that was made by Automatic Control Lab. of Inha University has a trunk which stabilizes its walking by generating compensation moment. Trunk is composed of a revolute and a prismatic joint which roles balancing weight. The motion of balancing weight is determined by the gait of legs and represented by two linear second order ordinary differential equations. The solution of this equation must satisfy some constraints simultaneously to have a physical meaning. Genetic algorithm search for this feasible motion of balancing weight under some constraints. Simulation results show that feasible motion of balancing weight can be obtained by genetic algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2006

This study was designed to examine weight control, nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and eating behaviors of 370 high school girls and to investigate if there were differences in these variables by weight control status. The weight control attempters (65.1%) had significantly higher body weight and BMI (p<0.001). The difference between desired and current body weight was -9.1 kg in the attempters, showing a significantly higher difference than the counterparts (p<0.001). The attempters also showed more interest toward weight control (p<0.001), but were less satisfied with their body size (p<0.001). Most of subjects (88.1%), especially in the attempters (96.7%) responded that they would try to control their weights in the future. The regular exerciser was 22.9% in the attempters while the percentage of the counterparts was 11.9% (p<0.05). The use of internet or television watching was not significantly different by weight control status. Subjects scored 15.8 out of 20 on a nutritional knowledge scale, which showed a moderate level of knowledge. The nutritional knowledge score was 15.7 for the attempters and 15.8 for the counterparts. None of the nutritional knowledge items reached statistical significance, although the percentages of correct answers regarding weight control or balanced meals were slightly lower in the attempters. The attempters showed more favorable eating attitudes than the counterparts (p<0.001), especially in the attitudes of applying nutritional knowledge to daily life (p<0.01), attitudes for modifying diets (p<0.01) and importance of having adequate meals (p<0.01). The eating behavior was moderate, with mean scores of 31.1 (possible score: 15 - 45). Subjects showed problems in eating a variety of foods, eating meals regularly, eating slowly, eating breakfast and consumption of some food groups (e.g., dairy foods, fruits). The attempters consumed seaweeds more frequently than the counterparts (p<0.05). Although there were not many significant differences by weight control status, this study suggested that nutrition education for adolescent girls should be planned to provide nutrition information regarding desirable weight control as well as modifying diets and eating behaviors.