• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the phytotoxicity of imazosulfuron+fentrazamide mixture in rice field. It is recommended that safe herbicide application was obtained at 3 cm of transplanting depth and in sandy loam or loam soil type. In the direct water seeding of rice, imazosulfuron+fentrazamide SC should be applied at least 10 days before sowing land ower than 25+100 g ai/ha. In case of imazosulfuron+fentrazamide SC application after sowing, If we use the herbicide 15 days after sowing, no herbicide symptoms will be detected even though the amounts of the herbicide increase. In the rice transplanting, it is recommended that imazosulfuron+fentrazamide GR is applied 5 days after transplanting. In case of sequential herbicide application, the imazosulfuron+fentrazamide SC application at 75+300 g ai/ha 15 or 20 days after transplanting after the application at 25+100 g ai/ha or 50+200 g ai/ha 3 days before sowing increases weed control efficacy and gives no phytotoxicity in the rice growth.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1971

Tolerance test in plastic vat, pot and fold tests were carried out to investigate the selective herbicides for soybean culture in sandy loam. The soybean plants showed great tolerance against herbicides such as Tri-allate (Avadex-BW), Alachlor (Lasso), Butachlor (Machete), Propachlor (Ramrod), Nitrofen (TOK), MO, HE-314, Nitrofen/Dinoseb(TOK/DNBP), and Chlo.oxu.on (Tenoran), and the growth was normal even when each was treated with the herbicides up to 2ft3 times of the recommended concentrations. Soybean plants showed a slight tolerance against Prometryne (Gesagard), Propazine (Gegamil), Diuron (Karmex), Metabromuron (Patoran), Linuron (Lorox) and Swep when each was treated with herbicides up to 1-2 times of the recommended concentrations. Great injury or withering was noticed due to the high sensitivity of soybean to Simazine (CAT) and to Floumetron (Cotoran). In pot and field experiments with herbicides such as Butachlor (Machete), Alachlor (Lasso), Nitrofen (TOK), Kerb, Nitrofen/Dinoseb (TOK/DNBP), Swep, Linuron (Lorox), Simazine (CAT) and PCP, the following results were obtained: Great injuries were noticed with Simazine (CAT). Also, Linuron (Lorox) and Kerb showed a slight injury at early growth stage of soybean, Nitrofen (TOK) , Nitrofen/Dinoseb (TOK/DNEP), Alachlo. (Lasso), Butachlo. (Machete) and Swep had high selectivities for soybean and no injury was noticed. With respect to herbicidal effects there was a greatly significant difference between treated plots and non-treated plots with the exception of Simaaine (CAT) plot in field test. E. crusgalli and C. sanguinalis were tolerant against Simazine(CAT) and Linuron(Lorox). Cyperus and E. annuus were tolerant against Kerb. Great herbicidal effects on grasses were observed in Alachlor (Lasso) and Butachlor (Machete) plots. Among broad-leaf weeds, P. hydropiper and C. album were tolerant against Butachlor (Machete) and Alachlor (Lasso). When soybean was treated with the herbicides such as Alachlor (Lasso) (ai. 150g/10a), Butachlor (Machete) (ai. 300g/10a), Nitrofen (TOK) (ai. 250g/10a), Linuron (Lorox) (ai. 75g/10a) once after seeding, no additional wording was required till harvest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in middle part of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were corn, $sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian ryegrass for winter crops. $Sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid showed higher DM (dry matter) and TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield than that of corn. Dry matter yield of corn decreased to 56% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is higher than that of Italian ryegrass. Rye was more adequate to produce organic forage in middle part of Korea. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in middle part of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of fermented compost using cattle manure and Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete(ALC) waste and duck raising in rice growing paddy fields on growth and quality of rice. By application of fermented compost of cattle manure incoporated ALC waste with amount of 2,000kg/10a, rice yield was reduced 2.9%, and 4.1% in 1,000kg/10a of compost with raising ducks plots as compared with application of standard level of chemical fertilizer. The ratio of head rice was slightly high in plots of compost application and white-belly kemeled rice was reduced by application of $1,500{\sim}2000kg/10a$ compost. The ratio of Mg/K was the highest in application of 1,000kg compost with raising duck. Efficiency of weed control by raising duck with free hexbiades was sufficient and their effects showed no difference between raising duck plots and herbidde plot.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 1994

This experiment was canied out to determine the effects of 3cn1, 6cm, and lOcm of cutting height at harvest on the grass growth, dry matter(DM) yield, and weeds development in reed canarygrass(Phu1uris umndinacea L.) pasttire. The cultivars of reed canarygrass used in this study were Palaton. Veuture and Frontier(contro1). and the grass was harvested four times at soiling stage in 1992. The plant height at first harvest was 84, 96 and 94cm in Palaton, Venture and Frontier, respectively. The average regrowth height was same as 59cm in three cultivars. However, the regrowth height by cutting height was 61 -65cm in 6 and IOcm, and 51 -53cm in 3cm of low cutting height. Annual DM yield was not different in three cultivars of Palaton(l2.58lkg), Venture(l2,752kg), and Frontier (12,243kgIha). The yield at first harvmt wa5 significantly high in 3cm of height, however, the forage yields at second, third and fourth harvest were greatly high in 6cm of stubble height(P<0.05). Total yields by 3, 6 and lOcm of cutting height were 12.306. 14,094 and 11,342kg in Palaton, 12,794, 14,155 and 11,307kg in Venture, and 12,258, 12,940, and 11.535kglhg in Frontier, respectively. The highest yield was achieved in 6cm of stubble heigth(P<0.05). Daily DM production during grass regrowth was not affected by cultivars, and the best regrowth was observed by 6cm of cutting height. Development of weeds was high in 3cm of low stubble height, regradless of cultivars. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose were not affected by cultivar and cutting height. In conclusion, it is suggested that the 6cm of cutting height is the most effective for grass regrowth, forage production, and weed control in reed canarygrass pasture. regradless of cultivm of Palaton, Venture and Frontier.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is screening of microfloras involved in hydrolysis of seaweed tenella, seaweed fusiforme and green laver. This is a part of studies on the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms. First, about two hundred microflora samples were obtained from mountain, rice field, dry field, sea, seaside and fish market in the vicinity of Yeosu. Thirty-three microflora samples were screened from the destruction of tissue in sea tangle and sea mustard. It was sufficient that results of the naked eye observation were obtained at eight microflora samples as a feces of bull, a decayed pine tree, a soil of dry field, the mud of the banks in a rice field, the water of a ditch in a rice field, the weed of the banks in a rice field, the water in a rice field and leaved in the air. Above all, extraction rate and contents of reducing sugar in extracts of seaweeds added a decayed pine tree(sample No. 8) and the water of a ditch in a rice field(sample No. 27) were showed high value. And the value of chemical analysis of the sample is much better in comparison with control. Accordingly the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms in the inside of these microflora samples can be possible.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is screening of microfloras involved in hydrolysis of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) and sea mustard ( Undaria pinnatifida), This is a part of studies on the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms. General process is difficult to extract of the useful constituent parts as intercellular mucilage, storage polysaccharide and mineral from seafood. It was screening to thirty-three microflora samples as destructed of tissue in sea tangle and sea mustard to about two hundred microflora samples from mountain, rice field, dry field, sea, seaside and fish market etc. in the neighborhood of Yeosu. Sufficient results of the naked eye observation were obtained at eight microflora samples as a feces of bull, a decayed pine tree, a soil of dry field, the mud of the banks in a rice Held, the water of a ditch in a rice Held, the weed of the banks in a rice field, the water in a rice field and leaved in the air, And the value of chemical analysis of the sample is much better in comparison with control. Accordingly, the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms in the inside of these microflora samples can possibility.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

The effect of environmental factors on the over-wintering success of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, which is considered as unable to hibernate during winter climate in Korea. This study was examined to determine the location of over-wintering habitats in the agricultural water system related with weed control using the apple snail in rice paddy field in the Yeongnam district from 2003 to 2006. Over-wintering success of the apple snail was observed at Hadong, Hapchen, Sanchung, Kimhae, Milyang, Changwon, Ulsan, Busan, Gyengju, Pohang, Chilgok, Seongju, Gumi, Sangju and Youngju in Yeongnam area. And the over-wintering locations of apple snail going north year by year. Accordingly, the successful over-wintering sites observed were deep wells, water running canals and brooks not dried conditions. A special feature of this sites was that the water of this sites was not frozen during winter season.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2019

Selected leafy vegetables, widely used for Korean Namul dishes, were heat-treated in different ways and their folate retention was investigated. The Lactobacillus casei method was applied for folate estimation and validated to ensure reliability of analytical data. The folate content in Namul highly varied, from 29.7 to $293.4{\mu}g/100g$, depending on the heating methods and the types of vegetables. Most of the Namul variants showed increased folate content on heat treatment. Frying yielded higher folate retention than the other cooking methods (blanching, steaming, baking, and panfrying), and pig weed showed the highest folate retention (3.3 times, $293.4{\mu}g/100g$). L. casei assay for folate estimation showed 95.7% recovery and relative standard deviations less than 2% for both reproducibility and repeatability, indicating good accuracy and precision. Quality of the folate assay was assured by monitoring a quality control chart and a proficiency test (z-score= -0.1) during the entire of study.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 1991

The rice culture techniques of the ancient China which have played a key role directly and indirectly, in development of ancient farming and its techniques of Korea, were established before Christ in terms of dry-farming and the spirit of the farming-first principle. Especially techniques of rice culture were developed by cultivation methods for deep plowing, storage of water and preservation use of soil fertility. Therefore, the techniques of transplanting methods, seeding in rows, use of iron-made farming tools and dam construction for irrigation were advanced. And rice varieties were differentiated to avoid disasters or to supply of rice for various uses in many areas. Also, because north China was the origin of Chinese agriculture in which population density was low and flat land was wide that were the cradle of Chinese agriculture, ‘Hwayungsunubeob’(firing and drawning weed control method) and fallowing were quickened as intensive techniques of rice culture. In connection with the view of agricuture with 'the theory of the cosmic dual forces and the five primary substances' of Han Mooje and Chamwye scholars, the techniques of seeding and selection of crops were gradually developed. From ‘Jeminyosul’ of the 6th century to ‘Wangjongnongseo’ of the 14th century, the techniques of rice culture have been developed continuously and additively, but were not improved thereafter Won dynasty. From this point of time, the time of agriculture in the end of Koryo age and by ‘Nongsajiksul’ were initiated.