• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.117-144
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• 2008

Lots of virtual communities and online businesses presently derive their primary sources of revenues through advertising, but nevertheless are plagued with marginal profitability though they might possess a significant user base. In the light of the need for an efficacious business model, there have been recent insights of an online community in particular reaping profits through an innovative and lucrative revenue generation method that earns by selling digital items. There have been some obvious evidences (e.g., Cyworld, SecondLife, Habo Hotel, etc.) that online communities can be profitable through their unique business model of selling digital items. However, there is lack of understanding about the motivation of purchasing digital items. This study tries to identify the main motivators of digital item purchases based on social/individual identity theory and self-presentation theory. "Digital items", otherwise known as "virtual assets", may include online avatars, accessories for the avatars, decorative ornaments like furniture, digital wallpapers, skins, background music and virtual weapons used for Internet games. These digital items are employed by users for representation and articulation in the online space, especially to create and enhance their online profiles in web pages and games. Prices for digital items typically range from a few cents to a few dollars each. Based on the theoretical framework like social identity theory and self-presentation theory, we developed the research model and proposed seven hypotheses. An analysis of 225 members of Cyworld found that digital item purchase intention in virtual world is affected by both members' need for self-presentation and need for affiliation. We also found that the need for self-presentation is significantly increased by innovativeness of members, community group norm, and community involvement. We concluded that the need for self-presentation could be a key variable for profitable business model in online community service industry. However, neither individual self-efficacy nor the need for affiliation significantly influenced the need for self-presentation which triggers purchase intention of digital items. In term of the theoretical and practical contribution, this study can be a pioneering empirical research that investigates the purchase intention of digital items based on social identity theory and self-presentation theory in the online context. Also, the findings of our study are valuable and practical for practitioners in the market who wish to adopt or improve the business model of selling digital items in an online community. From the findings, it can be seen that innovativeness of users, community group norm, and community involvement are three significant factors that influence need for self-presentation of users which ultimately leads to their intentions to buy digital items. These findings put forth that virtual community providers and online businesses selling digital items should prioritize their efforts and focus on these three factors if they want to increase the sales of these digital items and generate greater revenues. This study provides important implications for academic researchers and practitioners to understand why the community members pay money for their digital items in virtual world and how the practitioners can increase the sales of digital items in an online community. A couple of limitations of the study and future research directions are also discussed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.951-963
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• 2009

The community structure and ecological characteristics of fish community in Lake Paldang were investigated from May to September 2008. During the survey period, 53 species belonging to 13 families were collected. Dominant species was Squalidus japonicus coreanus representing 81.8% of total number and 25.7% of total biomass of collected fish and subdominant species was Lepomis macrochirus representing 3.3% of total number and 18.9% of total biomass of collected fish. There were 20 Korean endemic species (38% of collected species number) including Cottus koreanus and 4 exotic species (7.5%) including Micropterus salmoides. The similarity analysis of fish communities among water areas of Lake Paldang using UPGMA showed that fish community of North-Han River was similar to that of South-Han River area and was different from that of Gyeongan River area. Long-term variation of fish community from 1972 to present study in Lake Paldang showed decrease of the species numbers after dam construction until 1994, and gradual increase from 1996 to present study indicating the disturbance of lentic system by dam construction in the 1980s. The increase of species number in the late 2000s may results in part from the increase of survey sites of successive studies. L. macrochirus which was designated as a domestic ecosystem-disturbing alien species with wide food niche have shown more than 20% of relative abundance since 1996 indicating the adverse effect on not only fish community but also aquatic ecosystem food web of Lake Paldang.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.495-499
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 대량 생산 가능한 센서 전극의 생화학 센서 전극 개발을 위하여 탄소나노튜브(carbon nanotube, CNT)를 복합재료화 공정에 의하여 필름과 나노웹 형태의 벌크 재료로 제작한 후, 이들 전극의 넓은 표면적과 뛰어난 화학적 흡착성을 이용하여 화학적 검출 대상에 노출이 되었을 때 이들로 인한 센싱 특성을 연구하였다. CNT 기반 벌크 전극으로 제작하기 위하여 Nafion을 기저재료로 하는 필름과 PAN 기반의 나노 파이버를 전기방사법에 의하여 제작을 한 후 이들 전극의 화학적 영향에 의한 전기적인 특성 변화 실험을 위하여 버퍼 용액의 정전용량에 대한 전기적 임피던스 요소 값인 저항과 정전용량의 변화를 LCR 계측기로 측정하였다. 생화학센서용 전극으로서 CNT벌크전극의 임피던스 변화 형태가 복합소재 전극의 기저재료에 따라 달리 나타났으며 일정량의 버퍼용액 투여 후에는 변화가 없는 포화 상태의 응답을 보였으며 특히, 정전용량이 저항에 비하여 상대적으로 급격하게 큰 변화를 보여 높은 감도 특성을 지니고 있음이 조사되었다. 이들의 전기적인 특성변화는 버퍼 용액의 화학적 성분들이 전극에 흡수 된 후에 CNT에 흡착이 되어 이들의 전기적인 특성을 변화 시키는 것으로 추론된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on "Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey", for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents' education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (${\geq}once/d$), 12.5% for vegetable (${\geq}3times/d$), 7.3% for milk (${\geq}2times/d$), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2012

Background : The purpose of our study was to analyze scientific papers published by South Korean plastic surgeons in journals included in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), and to evaluate the publication and research activities of Korean plastic surgeon. Methods : We conducted a survey of SCIE papers in the field of plastic surgery published by South Korean authors between 2001 and 2010 using Web of Science software. We further analyzed these results according to the number of publications per year, journals, institution, and type of papers. We also compared the total number of citations to published scientific papers. We analyzed the rank of South Korea among other countries in representative journals. Results : Overall, 667 papers were published by South Korean authors between 2001 and 2010. The number of publications increased dramatically from 2003 (n=31) to 2010 (n=139). Subsequently, the ten most productive Korean medical colleges were identified. All published papers received 2,311 citations and the citation to paper ratio was 3.49. The rank of Korea among other countries in terms of the number of published papers remained in the top 10 during the recent 10 years. Conclusions : Publication output of Korean plastic surgeon over the last 10 years showed a remarkable growth in terms of quantity and quality. Currently, Korea is among the top six countries in representative plastic surgery journals. Korean plastic surgeons have played a central role in this progress, and it is anticipated that they will continue to do so in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2004

본 연구는 돼지의 염색체 7번에 존재하는 주요 경제형질에 관여하는 양적형질 유전자좌위(Quantitative trait loci; QTL)를 밝히기 위해 초성위체 표지인자를 이용하여 유전자지도(연관지도) 작성을 수행하였다. 기준집단의 조성은 이형접합성이 높은 기준집단을 조성하기 위하여 유전적 특성이 현격히 다른 우리나라의 재래돼지와 Landrace를 전형매 교배하여 생산된 $F_2$ 183두를 사용하였으며 기준집단에 대해 도축 24시간 후의 pH, 육색, 육즙손실량, 전단력, 가열감량, 조지방, 조회분, 수분, 조단백질 등 육질형질을 조사 및 분석하였다. 염색체 7번의 연관지도는 총 23개의 표지인자로 작성되었으며 암수평균 연관지도 길이는 154.6 cM 이었으며 수컷과 암컷의 연관지도 길이는 각각 169.2 cM과 141.4 cM로 수컷의 연관지도 길이가 암컷의 것보다 27.8 cM 더 길었다. 표지인자간의 최소간격은 SW175와 S0066 표지인자사이로 1.6 cM이었고, 최대간격은 SW2002와 SWR773표지인자사이로서 15.9 cM이었으며 평균간격은 7.02 cM이었다. 본 연구에서는 9개의 육질관련 형질 중 육색과 연관된 2개의 QTL이 확인되었는데 적색도(CIE-a)와 연관된 QTL은 45 cM 영역에서 1% 수준의 통계적 유의성을 나타내었고(Fig. 2), 이 영역에서 불과 3${\sim}$4 cM 떨어진 위치에서 황색도(CIE-b)와 연관된 QTL이 확인되었다. 향후에 본 연구에서 탐색된 QTL 영역에 대하여 고밀도의 유전자 지도 작성을 통하여 특정 형질과 연관된 부분을 계속해서 추적해 나간다면 육색형질을 조절하는 주유전자의 클로닝 및 특성 구명이 가능할 것으로 사료되며 궁극적으로는 돼지의 개량에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 표지인자(MAS)의 개발 등도 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to unveil the dynamic changes of the trends in wedding dresses during the 20th Century. The studies were carried out in two forms; firstly by observing the actual wedding dresses worn by people at that time, and secondly by conducting formative comparisons between those dresses with the ones appeared in movies corresponding to that period. Movies provide an invaluable insight into the era's wedding dresses fashion trends since they function as intimate bridges in connection with the time's audience, and the visible imageries accurately reflect the characteristics embedded within that time frame. As there are no precedent studies regarding this topic, this thesis can serve as vital research data for the wedding dress industry. Research data regarding the actual wedding dresses were collected from books and museum web sites. The object of movies were films produced before World War II that contained both the background settings of the 20th Century and wedding dresses, of which photographic imageries were captured. Research analysis was then conducted by merging these data with findings from relevant books and internet materials. The results of the thesis are as the following: The 1900s was an extension of the 19th Century's popular fashion trend which can be characterized as the S curve silhouettes of the Edwardian period when long trains and long veils symbolized wealth and social power. In the 1910s, high waist silhouettes with soft wrinkles were prevalent as attire suitable for active mobility with practical functionality were highly regarded. During the 1920s, the flapper style became the dominant trend. Hem lines of the skirts were curled in the form of the scallop and laces were the most widely used raw materials. By the 1930s, wedding dresses that reinterpreted the glamorous sheath lines, practical two piece styles, and retro-styles became predominant. The 1940s saw the advent of ready-made wedding dresses made of synthesized materials; practical military style suits and casuals sometimes substituted the wedding dresses. And although the wedding dresses in the movies were primarily costumes to express the personalities of the characters, they were also reinterpreted as manifestations of the formative characteristics of each relative period that pursued very distinct and diverse features.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

최근 구조물의 대형화에 따른 큰 지지력의 말뚝에 대한 수요가 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 따라 기성 PHC말뚝의 경우에도 700~1,200 mm 범위의 대구경 말뚝에 대한 활용이 증가하고 있고 최근 국내 현장에 적용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 대구경 PHC말뚝의 휨성능을 향상시키기 위해 철근과 콘크리트로 보강하여 합성 PHC말뚝을 제작하였다. 휨강도 평가는 4등분점 제하실험을 통해 변위제어 방법으로 수행되었다. 휨실험을 통해 LICPT 실험체 횡방향 철근의 변형률 분포를 분석한 결과 횡방향 철근의 배근은 전단균열의 진전과 균열폭 제어에 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 복부전단균열 발생을 억제할 수 있었다. LICPT 실험체는 LICP 실험체 보다 휨강도가 약 1.08배, 중앙부 변위가 약 1.19배 증가하였고, 횡방향 철근의 배근은 말뚝의 연성적인 휨거동 확보에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝 제작시 사용되는 각각의 재료가 휨강도에 기여하는 수준을 층상화 단면 해석으로 계산된 축강도-휨모멘트 상관도를 통해 평가하였다. 기성 PHC말뚝과 LICP 실험체의 실제 휨강도를 1.13배, 1.16배의 안전율로 예측할 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

고강성 나노섬유 생산이 가능한 전기방사장치 방사노즐의 설계를 위해 자연을 모방하는 공학적 방법론을 도입하여, 무당거미(Nephila clavata L.Koch) 대병상선의 토사관과 그 생체방적 시스템이 지닌 미세구조적 특성을 고해상도의 전자현미경 관찰을 통해 분석하였다. 자연계에서 가장 강도가 높은 드래그라인을 생성, 분비하는 대병상선의 토사관은 bullet type spigot을 통해 전방적돌기 표면에 개구되어 있었으며, 신축성 구조를 지닌 토사관 말단마디의 노즐을 통해 고체상의 실크가 생성되었다. 분비낭과 토사관 사이를 연결한 분비관은 루프를 형성한 후 방적돌기에 수납되었고, 분비관 내강의 직경은 점진적으로 축소되어 노즐을 통해 방사되는 실크의 직경은 펀넬 부위의 1/10 이하인 것으로 관찰되었다. 한편, 실크 중합과정에서 수분을 제거하기 위한 큐티클의 특수구조가 관찰되었는데, 분비낭의 펀넬 부위에서는 해면상 큐티클 구조가 그리고 분비관의 말단부에서는 비후된 subcuticle 구조와 함께 잘 발달된 상피의 미세융모 층이 확인되었다. 또한 분비관의 내강부 큐티클 표면에서 확인된 나선형 강선구조는 실크 전구물질의 신속한 유동을 촉진하는 장치일 것으로 해석되었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

Computational Science and Engineering is a convergence study that understands and solves complex problems such as science, engineering, and social phenomena through modeling using computing resources. Computational science and engineering combines algorithms, computational and informatics, and infrastructure. The importance of computational science is increasing with the improvement of computer performance and the development of large data processing technology. In Korea, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) has been developing national computational science engineering software and utilization technology by combining basic science and computing technology through EDISON project. The EDISON project builds an open EDISON platform and integrates and services information systems in seven areas of computational science and engineering (computational thermal fluids, nanophysics, computational chemistry, structural dynamics, computational design, and computational medicine). Using this, we have established a web-based curriculum to lay the groundwork for fostering scientific talent and commercializing computational science and engineering software. The purpose of this study is to derive the quality characteristic factors of computational science platform and to empirically examine the effect on user satisfaction. This paper examines how the quality characteristics of information systems, the computational science engineering platform, affect the user satisfaction by modifying the research questions according to the propensity of the computational science platform by referring to the success factors of DeLone and McLean's information system. Based on the results of this study, we will suggest strategic implications for platform improvement by searching the priority of quality characteristics of computational science platform.