• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2006

Changing patterns of the reemerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during the period 1993 to 2005 are briefly analyzed with emphasis on the control measures used and the effects of meteorological and entomological factors. Data were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Monthly Reports published by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and webpages of World Health Organization and United Nations. Meteorological data of Kangwon-do (Province) were obtained from local weather stations. After its first reemergence in 1993, the prevalence of malaria increased exponentially, peaking in 2000, and then decreased. In total, 21,419 cases were reported between 1993 and 2005 in South Korea. In North Korea, a total of 916,225 cases were reported between 1999 and 2004. The occurrence of malaria in high risk areas of South Korea was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the mosquito population but not with temperature and rainfall, Control programs, including early case detection and treatment, mass chemoprophylaxis of soldiers, and international financial aids to North Korea for malaria control have been instituted. The situation of the reemerging vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea is remarkably improving during the recent years, at least in part, due to the control activities undertaken in South and North Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

A logistic model for describing combined effects of both temperature and wetness period on appressorium formation was developed using laboratory data on percent appressorium formation of Colletotrichum acutatum. In addition, the possible use of the logistic model for forecasting infection risks was also evaluated as compared with a first-order linear model. A simplified equilibrium model for enzymatic reactions was applied to obtain a temperature function for asymptote parameter (A) of logistic model. For the position (B) and the rate (k) parameters, a reciprocal model was used to calculate the respective temperature functions. The nonlinear logistic model described successfully the response of appressorium formation to the combined effects of temperature and wetness period. Especially the temperature function for asymptote parameter A reflected the response of upper limit of appressorium formation to temperature, which showed the typical temperature response of enzymatic reactions in the cells. By having both temperature and wetness period as independent variables, the nonlinear logistic model can be used to determine the length of wetness periods required for certain levels of appressorium formation under different temperature conditions. The infection model derived from the nonlinear logistic model can be used to calculate infection risks using hourly temperature and wetness period data monitored by automated weather stations in the fields. Compared with the nonlinear infection model, the linear infection model always predicted a shorter wetness period for appressorium formation, and resulted in significantly under- and over-estimation of response at low and high temperatures, respectively.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An accurate prediction of dormancy release and bud burst in temperate zone fruit trees is indispensable for farmers to plan heating time under partially controlled environments as well as to reduce the risk of frost damage in open fields. A thermal time-based two-step phenological model that originated in Italy was applied to two important grapevine cultivars in Korea for predicting bud-burst dates. The model consists of two sequential periods: a rest period described by chilling requirement and a forcing period described by heating requirement. It requires daily maximum and minimum temperature as an input and calculates daily chill units (chill days in negative sign) until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, it adds daily heat units (anti-chill days in positive sign) to the chilling requirement. The date when the sum reaches zero isregarded as the bud-burst in the model. Controlled environment experiments using field sampled twigs of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars were carried out in the vineyard at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in Suwon during 2004-2005 to derive the model parameters: threshold temperature for chilling and chilling requirement for breaking dormancy. The model adjusted with the selected parameters was applied to the 1994-2004 daily temperature data obtained from the automated weather station in the NHRI vineyard to estimate bud burst dates of two cultivars and the results were compared with the observed data. The model showed a consistently good performance in predicting the bud burst of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars with 2.6 and 2.5 days of root mean squared error, respectively.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 제 23회 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.11-25
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• 1998

Many Countries have made efforts to assist ships navigate accurately , safely and expeditiously for the safety control against increasing marine traffic , in their coastal waters. However, they are exposed in spite of these efforts,to risks of casulaties and marine polluation caused by traffic congestion when ships are navigating through waterways approaches to ports or harbors and in narrow fairways. Therefore, efficient control of VTS in Port is necessary nowadays to provide ships with necessary service , which interacts with shipping and organize the flow of traffic so as to maximize the efficiency of the port or harbor while minimizing the risk of accident and environmental pollution. Even though the navigation condition of ships is very inferior compared to other ports in Korea, such as the big difference between the ebb and flood tide, the frequent fog, the narrow fairway , the density of navigation traffic in Inchon Port is high and transportation quantity of dangerous cargoe increases gradually. In cosideration of the characteristics of natural circumstance and traffic circumstance the VTS established newly in Inchon port have to operate efficiently. The purpose of this study is to help efficient operation of VTS in Inchon port by accomplishing both the literature research and questionnaire survey. Questionnaire survey was read to the VTS personnel in Inchon Port and customer familiar to Inchon Port such as ship navigators, pilots, shipping companies and so on. Most of ship navigators who occupy half of the respondents are Korean Officer who had responded while they were calling at Inchon port. The conclusions and recommendations includes ; First, the service area should be extended over Designated area to provide the vessel with navigational assistance service regarding the information of traffic congestion area, fishing boat and small ship's activities. Second, the types of information service to be offered are ship's movement and weather condition inthe vicinity of the port and state of fairway in the approaching channel to thte fairway. Third, VTS personnel should be upgraded by the on-the-job training and continuous simulation training as well as supplement of the qualified personnel for VTS operation. Fourth , the Harbor Master System to be introduced for safe navigation and efficient port operation.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

현재 지구는 지구 온난화, 기상이변의 이상신호로 인해 전 세계적으로 자연과 인간의 상생이 중요하며, 인간의 먹거리까지 친환경 웰빙 음식에 관심이 급증한다. 우리나라는 지난 10여 년 동안 유기농업이 발전 되어왔으나 선진국에 비교해 미비하나 향후 전 세계 유기농 시장이 확대될 것이다. 2015년 세계유기농산업엑스포가 충북 괴산군에서 9월 18일부터 10월 11일 까지 개최됨에 따라 우리나라 유기농업이 발전할 것이다. 성공적이며 안전한 엑스포가 되어 안녕강국 대한민국이 되기에 일조하는 방향으로 주요 지표들을 개발하였는바, 5개 부문의 위험성 감쇄가 주안점이며, 녹색보전, 경제성장, 사회발전, 과학기술예술성, 자율자발성부문이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 1998

Background: The patients of facial hyperhidrosis have been known that they had much difficulties in interpersonal relationships and social activities due to excessive hidrosis when they were in stress, hot weather, or having meals. Previous drug therapy and stellate ganglion block have only temporary effects. The surgical method, $T_1$ sympathetomy has the risk of Hornor's syndrome. For that reasons, the sympathicotomy of proximal and distal portions of $T_2$ sympathetic ganglion with electroresectoscope used in transurethral resection seemed to be appropriate procedure, and we would like to report the results of our procedure. Method: Under the general anesthesia with semi-sitting position, and the portal was made through the small incision along the upper border of the 4th rib at the crossing point of mid-axillary line. After the partial collapse of lung by insufflation of 300 to 500 ml of $CO_2$, $T_2$ sympathetic ganglion was identified and resected proximally and distally with electro-cauterization. Finally the lung was expanded by limiting flow until the airway pressure reached 30 to 40 cm$H_2O$, and the wound was closed after removal of electroresectoscope. Result: There was no postoperative complication requiring surgical interventions. The facial sweating was stopped immediately after the operation and all the patients appeared to be satisfied. Conclusion: $T_2$ sympathicotomy with TUR electroresectoscope is thought be the minimal invasive and highly successful method in the treatment of facial hyperhidrosis. But longer terms follow-up will be needed to prove this result.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

최근 지구온난화의 영향으로 지구가 불안정기에 접어들어 지구적 규모의 재해가 자주 발생하고 있는 가운데, 어떻게 하면 이러한 재해를 예방하고, 피해를 최소화 할 것인지에 대해 고려해 봐야 할 시점이다. 특히 거대지진에 의한 쓰나미의 발생을 경고하고 있는 상황이기 때문에 쓰나미에 의한 계류선박의 영향을 고려하는 것은 대단히 중요한 일이다. 또한 항내 계류선박의 장주기 동요에 동반하는 선체동요로 인하여 하역중지나 계류시설의 손상에 관한 문제가 보고되었다. 이러한 장주기 동요의 주요 발생 원인이 항내 장기주파와 계류선박의 고유주기가 일치하는 공진현상에 의한 것으로, 수조실험을 통해 공진현상의 계류선박에의 동요영향을 파악하였다. 그리고 쓰나미의 내습으로 인한 항만내 계류중인 선박의 거동에 대한 수치 시뮬레이션을 행하여 공진주기파를 고려한 선박운동에의 영향 및 계류하중을 실험적으로 평가한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 무주 반딧불 축제 기념 세미나
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• pp.21-38
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• 1999

제초제는 현대 농업에서 필수적인 농자재이나 생리활성을 갖기에 비목적대상생물에 대한 위해성을 배제할 수 없다. 제초제의 문제점중 잔류문제는 가장 중요한 부분이며 그중 인간생활과 밀접한 관계를 갖는 토양, 농작물중의 잔류는 더욱 중요하다. 토양과 통작물중 제초제의 잔류유해성은 토양, 기상, 제초제의 사용 및 작물재배 등의 조건에 따라 현저히 변화되나, 현 시점에서 토양중 제초제의 잔류에 대한 문제점은 후작물에 대한 영향과 같은 국부적인 것을 제외하고는 거의 없으며 농작물중 난류 또한 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 국민건강, 토양생태계를 비롯 환경에 대한 더 높은 안전성 확보를 위하여 제초제에 대한 모니터링실험과 같은 잔류성 조사가 더 많이 요구되며 사용자는 안전사용기준을 준수해야 하겠으며 제초제개발측면에서는 보다 저독성 약제를 개발하는데 최선을 다해야 하겠다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.106-117
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 소아의 치아우식증이 치은농양 및 봉와직염으로 진행될 수 있는 위험요소들을 분석하여 소아에서 이 질환의 성격을 보다 명확히 하기 위함이다. 1991년 1월부터 1992년 12월까지 연세대학교 치과대학 부속병원 소아치과에 내원한 신환 7,936명을 대상으로 치성감염을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 소아의 치은농양과 봉와직염의 원인은 대부분이 유치였다. 2. 치은농양의 원인치아는 상악에서 A, D, B, C의 순으로, 하악에서 D, E, A, C의 순으로 호발하였다. 3. 봉와직염의 원인치아는 상악에서 D, A, E, B, C의 순으로, 하악에서 D, E의 순으로 호발하였다. 하악 A, B, C에서는 발생하지 않았다. 4. 소아에서 치성감염의 발생은 기후와는 관계가 없었다. 소아의 치아우식증은 중증의 질환을 유발시킬 위험성을 갖고 있는 질환으로 반드시 치료 해야 하고, 예방적인 치아우식증의 치료도 권장해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1415-1425
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• 2017

태풍은 강한 바람과 폭우를 동반하며 매년 한반도에 인명과 재산피해의 원인이 된다. 국내에서 발생한 자연재해 피해에서 태풍이 차지하는 비중이 높다. 태풍의 많은 피해는 폭우에 의해 발생하므로 태풍이 일 최대강수량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 일 최대강수량은 극치자료로 일반적으로 일반화극단치분포를 따른다. 연구자료로 1976년부터 2016년까지 한반도에 설치된 60개 종관기상관측장비에서 수집된 일강수량, 최대풍속, 평균풍속 자료가 사용되었다. 태풍이 온 기간을 제외한 일강우량 자료와 태풍이 온 기간을 포함한 일강우량 자료로 구분하여 일반화극단치모형에 적합시켰다. 모수추정방법으로 최우추정법과 L-적률추정법이 이용되었다. K-S검정과 $Cram{\acute{e}}r$ von Mises검정을 통해 모형의 적합도를 검정하였다. 추정된 모수를 기반으로 25년, 50년, 100년, 200년 재현수준을 계산하였다. 태풍기간 포함유무에 따른 재현수준을 비교한 결과 태풍은 강릉 인근의 동해안과 울산과 완도 인근의 남해안의 일 최대강수량에 영향을 미친다.