• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.856-867
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop washable panties for elderly women of incontinence urine. We carried out a questionnaire survey in order to find out what are the inconvenience of incontinence. Also we analyse the properties of incontinence panties available in silver market. Then we did wearing test of the existing continence panties to 40 subjects. Having done the wearing test, it was clear that the composit and the size of the absorbing layers must be crucial points of the development of the prototype panty. The prototype was designed to improve absorbing speed as well as capability without sacrificing of wearing comfort. The developed prototype panty went through wearing test and property tests to assure the design. The results are as follows:- 1. Absorbing capability as a whole, quick absorbance at the moment of passing of urine, the touch of the cover layer after quick absorbance and deodorant property were improved than existing incontinence panties. 2. The size and the dimensions of each part, specially absorbing layers at the crotch area, were remarkably improved.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.991-999
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• 2012

The Korean wintertime Onmapsi Campaign recommends wearing underwear, layered clothing, or thermal accessories in an indoor environment of a lower than room-heating condition. We surveyed 132 government officers, about Onmapsi wearing conditions and campaign satisfaction. The term was found to be unfamiliar to them, even if they wore underwear or thermal accessories as participants in the campaign for the wintertime office of low temperature 18-$20^{\circ}C$. They wore thick shirt/pants or cardigans/sweaters; however, underwear or thermal vests was worn relatively less. They wear 2.9 layers on top and 1.7 layers in bottom in average. They have their own methods to keep the body warm, which are using 1) functional thermal clothing, such as turtleneck shirts of heat technology new material, 2) functional thermal accessories, such as warmer and muffler, 3) functional office goods, such as a thermal computer mouse and blanket on the desk. The campaign requires more advertisement, a revision on the details of the proper wintertime indoor environment, and develops the varieties of Onmapsi apparel.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2017

During sling wear of a ferrous metal, a surface layer is formed. Its microstructure, constituting phases, and mechanical property are different from those of the original wearing material. Since wear occurs at the layer, it is important to characterize the layer and understand how wear rate changes with different layers. Various layers are formed depending on external wear conditions such as load, sliding speed, counterpart material, and environmental conditions. In this research, sliding wear tests of pure iron were carried out against two different counterparts (AISI 52100 bearing steel and $Al_2O_3$) in the air and in an inert Ar gas atmosphere. Pure iron was employed to exclude other effects from secondary phases in steel on the wear. Wear tests were performed at room temperature. Worn surfaces, wear debris, and cross-sections were analyzed after the test. It was found that these two different counterparts and environments produced diverse layers, resulting in significant changes in wear rate. Against the bearing steel, pure iron showed higher wear rate in an Ar atmosphere due to severe adhesion than that in the air. On the contrary, the iron showed much higher wear rate in the air against $Al_2O_3$. Different layers and wear rates were analyzed and discussed by oxidation, severe plastic deformation, and adhesion at wearing surfaces.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2020

Here, we studied the sports mouse guard as an oral device system, to minimize the sports related facial and dental injuries, jawbone fracture and brain injury, and by layering the hardened sheets for improving the activity performance and stable wearing. By pressuring and layering 2 soft- and 1 hard-layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic materials, for a category of martial art, record sports and leports, here we introduce a methodology for thickness control of layers to protect the teeth and oral structure. A personally customized mouse guard optimized for sports by layering a mixture of soft and hardened sheets is not easily detached during the sporting activity, easy to breathe through, comforts to wear, and also improves the sporting record. A designed EVA thermoplastic material for individual sports is used as the mouth guard, which is stably attached, easily removed, and convenient for breathing through the mouth.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1998

The actual clothing conditions of male collegian were surveyed to analyse clothing contents and the rate of wearing underwear. Then, clothing microclimate, physiological responses, and subjective sensations were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. The results were follows: 1. Male collegian wore T-shirts, jeans, and socks in summer, and total clothing weight per body surface area was $561g/m^2$. The number of clothes for upper body were 1 layer, but the number of clothes for lower body were 2 layers. Subjective sensations have no significant difference with wearing underwear. 2. Most physiological responses including temperature inside clothing, mean skin temperature, skin temperature of chest, abdomen, thigh, and lower leg, and sweat rate, were higher in with-underwear than in without-underwear. But pulse rates were not significantly different between with-and without-underwear.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.473-482
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• 2022

코로나 시대에서 감염의 위험을 줄이기 위하여 반드시 마스크를 착용하여야 하며, 건축 공사장과 같은 위험한 작업 환경에서 일하는 직원의 안전을 위하여 헬맷을 쓰는 것은 필수불가결하다. 본 논문에서는 헬멧과 마스크의 착용 여부를 분류하는 효과적인 딥러닝 모델 HelmetMask-Net를 제안한다. HelmetMask-Net은 CNN 기반으로 설계되며, 전처리, 컨벌류션 계층, 맥스풀링 계층과 4 가지 출력이 있는 완전결합 계층으로 구성되며, 헬멧, 마스크, 헬멧과 마스크, 헬멧과 마스크을 착용하지 않은 4 가지 경우를 구분한다. 정확도, 최적화, 초월 변수의 수를 고려한 실험으로 2 컨볼루션 계층과 AdaGrad 최적화를 가진 구조가 선정되었다. 모의 실험 결과 99%의 정확도를 보여 주었고, 기존의 모델에 비하여 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다. 제안된 분류기는 코비드 19 시대에 직원의 안전을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Firefighters wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for protection from environmental hazards. However, due to the layers of protective functions, the PPE inevitably adds excessive weight, bulkiness, and thermal stress to firefighters. This study investigated the adverse impact of wearing PPE as an occupational stressor on the firefighter's cognitive functioning. Twenty-three firefighters who had been involved in firefighting at least for 1 year were recruited. The overall changing trend in the firefighter's cognitive functioning (short-term memory, long-term memory, and inductive reasoning) was measured by the scores of three standardized cognitive tests at the baseline and the follow-up, after participating in a moderate-intensity physical activity, wearing a full ensemble of the PPE. The study findings evinced the negative impact of the PPE on the firefighter's cognitive functioning, especially in short-term memory and inductive reasoning. No significant influence was found on the firefighter's long-term memory. The results were consistent when the participant's age and BMI were controlled. The outcomes of the present study will not only fill the gap in the literature, but also provide critical justification to stakeholders, including governments, policymakers, academic communities, and industry, for such efforts to improve human factors of the firefighter's PPE by realizing the negative consequences of the added layers and protective functions on their occupational safety. Study limitations and future directions were also discussed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate differences in microbial contamination according to the duration and environment of mask wearing. Methods: Forty-five participants were recruited from workers in an offices, multi-purpose facilities, and a schools. After wearing of KF94 mask for two. four, and six hours, the microorganisms adsorbed on the outer and inner layers of the mask were inoculated on BAP(Blood Agar Plate), Chocolate agar, and SDA plates. The bacterial count (CFUs: colony-forming units) cultured in each plate was measured and analyzed for changes in filtration efficiency. Results: The microbial contamination of masks worn in classrooms, offices, and multi-purpose facilities showed a significant difference depending on the environment (p<0.000). The measured CFUs increased significantly according to the time wearing the mask. The difference between the inner and outer layers of the mask was also significant (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the filtration efficiency of the masks by duration time (p=0.515). Conclusions: Masks worn by workers in the offices, multi-purpose facilities, and schools showed an increase of microbial contamination with the amount of time wearing the mask. The results indicate that the masks used in daily life may have adverse health effects if they are worn for a long time or reused over several days without the realizing that the masks can be contaminated with biological hazards. Guidelines on the safe threshold time for mask use should be established through further research.

• 복식
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.66-81
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• 2016

This study is designed to understand the problems of existing Korean male soldiers' winter uniform tops by researching its current state, and contribute to developing uniforms with improved size and motion appropriateness. Military bases were visited to research satisfaction of size and motion appropriateness of the current winter uniform tops. 193 soldiers were surveyed and interviewed, and the shape and fit of the standard sizes of the inner and outer layers of the current winter uniform were analyzed. Findings of this study are as follows. 1) Compared to the new combat uniforms that soldiers were wearing in their appropriate size (of the 44 sizes), there were many cases where the soldiers were not wearing winter uniform inner (of the 8 sizes) or outer (of the 18 sizes) layers in the correct size for their body. 2) A total of 37 combat uniform sizes appropriate for the body shapes were expected to be newly applied, and inside and outside layers of winter tops would be presented as sets of 14 different sizes in step with the new combat uniform sizes, instead of the existing 8 inside layer sizes and 18 outside layer sizes. 3) The inner and outer layer of the existing winter uniform tops had several problems with the shape and fit. First, the inner layer was shorter than the combat uniform. Its shoulder width was wide, but the sleeve length was short creating lack of coverage, and the angle connecting the sleeve and bodice was very small creating a high sleeve cap curve and narrow sleeve width that make motions difficult and cause discomfort. As for the outer layer, the hem moved up when soldiers bent over or adjusted the waist string so the top could not sufficiently cover, the shoulder width was wide and the sleeve length was short, requiring improvements.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.910-926
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• 2022

Suitability for the human body, freedom to move and thermal insulation are important design considerations in military clothing. This study investigates the performance and wearer-satisfaction of the functional inner winter uniform currently used in Korea; it is hoped that our data can inform the development of a future version. Interviews were conducted, in which the participants suggested various improvements. The uniforms were mainly worn for guard duty or as daily attire in cold weather. The participants chose how many layers to wear according to the current situation, rather than sticking to the layering recommended in the manual. Layering choices did not significantly affect combat efficiency but were found to affect wearers' comfort. Wearers' satisfaction was found to depend on the convenience of the clothing, whether it was in the appropriate size, freedom to move and thermal insulation. Also, this study suggests a problem with the current size system, as the analysis of size distribution, across all sizes, the range of current production is insufficient to cover the demand.