• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether certain repeated physical and/or chemical stimuli added on ophthalmic lenses might induce any changes of the functions of lens coatings. Methods: The changes in lens surface, light transmittance, foggy duration, durability of ophthalmic lenses were determined after the application of tearing-off with tape, rubbing with acetone, soaking in acetone or distilled water of ophthalmic lens (CR-39 material) as physical and/or chemical stimuli. Results: The change of ophthalmic lens surface was detected after soaking in acetone for longer than 30 minutes by observing the lens surface to figure out the functional change of hard coating. The ophthalmic lens soaked in distilled water for 180 minutes showed little functional change of anti-reflection coating as 1% by measuring light transmittance of lens. However, the function of anti-reflection coating was almost disappeared after the ophthalmic lens was soaked in acetone for 60 minutes. The foggy duration of ophthalmic lens soaked in acetone was increased by estimating foggy duration of lens. The lens coating was shown to be defected when the pre-damaged ophthalmic lenses were torn off with tape, rubbed with acetone and soaked in distilled water or acetone by observing pre-damaged lens surface to evaluate its durability. Conclusions: The careful management during ophthalmic lens dispensing or usual eyeglass wearing is needed since the change in ophthalmic lens coatings was shown by repeated physical and/or chemical stimuli.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the corneal recovery after discontinuing orthokeratology (OK) lenses wear in children for long-term period. Methods: Among the OK lens wearers who wear over 8 months and showed successful refractive correction, 25 subjects were selected who want to discontinue the OK lenses. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive correction, corneal curvature (Sim K), central corneal thickness and corneal eccentricity were measured during the OK lens wearing period and after discontinuation for 1 month. Results: Uncorrected visual acuity and corneal shape had remodeled significantly during the OK lens wear and recovered significantly during the first week of discontinuation. Uncorrected visual acuity and refractive correction had achieved full recovery 2 weeks after discontinuation of lens wear and were highly correlated with the changes in corneal thickness. But corneal shape recovered slowly, eccentricity had recovered fully after 1 month and corneal curvature and central thickness had not been achieved full recovery until 1 month after discontinuation. Conclusions: Recovery of after longterm use of OK lens is rapid for refractive change, but slow for corneal curvature and central thickness that to refit the contact lenses, practitioners need patience.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-213
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• 2008

This study was intended to examine the relationship between lifestyle and school uniform design modification in high school girls and provide basic data for guidance in the wearing of school uniform. The subjects of this study were 585 girls who were in the first and second grades of high schools throughout Gwangju. This study was executed using a questionnaire. The data from this study was processed using SPSS WIN 12.0(Kr). The results were as follows; This study hypothesized that the perception and attitude on school uniform modification would be significantly difference depending on lifestyles in high school girls. The significant differences appeared in a few items. So the results suggested that school uniform modification was a common that appeared in most high school girls. However it was affected by their lifestyle. specifically, a digital-dependence lifestyle group has a few different perceptions and attitudes on school uniform modification than the others. In other words, school uniform modification in high school girls who spend their most time in school is a general and universal clothing behavior by psychological factors rather than the effect of lifestyle. It is considered that rules concerning school uniform modification should allow students to express their individuality within certain limits. Teachers should instruct students to wear appropriate underwear rather than keep students under control with a fixed set of rules. If High school girls have a negative body image as a result of their exposed body, they should receive active educational guidance.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.652-659
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine whether senior simulation would bring any positive change to the attitude of dental hygiene students toward the elderly. The experimental group consisted of 58 dental hygiene students at a college. The experimental procedure was to do activities for 40 minutes wearing aging simulation suit. Self administered questionnaires were used to ask the attitude toward the elderly after senior simulation. The data were analyzed with SPSS program. General and aging related characteristics of subjects were analyzed through descriptive statistics. To testify the differences of the attitude after senior simulation, paired t-test was used. An experiment was conducted from May 27 to June 14, 2012, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. There wasn't any perfect positive change in the overall attitude of the students toward elderly people after senior simulation, but their attitude got a little more positive whereas they took a neutral attitude in the past; 2. The students who had ever lived with elderly people under the same roof and who had ever received education related to the elderly underwent a more positive change in their attitude toward the elderly; 3. To what extent senior simulation was helpful for the understanding of the elderly was checked, and the majority replied that it was very useful or useful for the understanding of their physical aspects. The findings of the study confirmed that senior simulation didn't change the overall attitude of the students toward the elderly in a positive way yet brought about some positive changes in part. Therefore senior simulation is expected to be one of significant educational programs that could encourage students to have a better physical understanding of the elderly, to take a more positive attitude to them and to provide them with quality dental service.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to acquire activities of daily living (ADL) skills through activity analysis and forward chaining in children with developmental disabilities. Methods : In this study, the performance of children with developmental disabilities was guided stepwise using a changing criterion design. The intervention was conducted in forward chaining after the therapist analyzed the activities of three tasks (shoes, shorts, and short-sleeved T-shirts) set as the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The performance rate at each stage of the three tasks was used as an independent variable, and COPM performance and satisfaction scores before and after the intervention were set as dependent variables. Results : The task performance rates of children wearing shoes, shorts, and short-sleeved T-shirts improved over time. Even at home, the scores for performance and satisfaction of all three tasks increased. Conclusion : Hopefully, activity analysis and behavioral chaining methods will be used not only for ADL but also for various tasks in children with developmental disabilities who have difficulty acquiring tasks.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2023

Background: During hot environment work tasks with whole-body enclosed anti-bioaerosol suit, the combined effect of heavy sweating and exhaled hot humid air may cause the N95 medical respirator to saturate with water/sweat (i.e., water-blocking). Methods: 32 young male subjects with different body mass indexes (BMI) in whole-body protection (N95 medical respirator + one-piece protective suit + head covering + protective face screen + gloves + shoe covers) were asked to simulate waste collecting from each isolated room in a seven-story building at 27-28℃, and the weight, inhalation resistance (R_f), and aerosol penetration of the respirator before worn and after water-blocking were analyzed. Results: All subjects reported water-blocking asphyxia of the N95 respirators within 36-67 min of the task. When water-blocking occurred, the R_f and 10-200 nm total aerosol penetration (P_t) of the respirators reached up to 1270-1810 Pa and 17.3-23.3%, respectively, which were 10 and 8 times of that before wearing. The most penetration particle size of the respirators increased from 49-65 nm before worn to 115-154 nm under water-blocking condition, and the corresponding maximum size-dependent aerosol penetration increased from 2.5-3.5% to 20-27%. With the increase of BMI, the water-blocking occurrence time firstly increased then reduced, while the R_f, P_t, and absorbed water all increased significantly. Conclusions: This study reveals respirator water-blocking and its serious negative impacts on respiratory protection. When performing moderate-to-high-load tasks with whole-body protection in a hot environment, it is recommended that respirator be replaced with a new one at least every hour to avoid water-blocking asphyxia.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.973-992
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• 2010

The hearing impairment is the representative disorder that affects the quality of the routine life of the aged period. This study was aimed to develop the Korean evaluation scale for hearing handicap(KESHH) with which we can evaluate social and psychological effects of the hearing impairment. Applying this scale clinically, we can analyze the geriatric hearing loss specifically and improve the quality of the aural rehabilitation that can help the hardness of the hearing impairment. Data were collected from 288 participants(176 hearing aid users and 112 non-hearing aid users) and the average age of the participants was 67.4 years old ( 60.15 for the hearing aids users and 78.9 for the non hearing users). The composition ratio of the male and female participants were 58.0% and 42.0% and extrovert and introvert personality were 49.3% and 50.7% showing balanced formation. The tentative draft of KESHH measurements were produced with 30 items and following 5 subscales. Using factor analysis, 6 items were erased and 4 subscales - social effect, psycho/emotional effect, interpersonal effect, and perception of hearing aids - were identified. As each subscale consisted of 6 items, 24 items were corrected and remained totally. Conclusively, the KESHH was developed with 24 items and 4 subscales including 6 items on each subscale. In addition, the KESHH was divided into type-1 and 2 depending on hearing aid users and non hearing aid users. The results of this study can be summarized as the following 5 parts. Firstly, the reliabilities of the KESHH were proved to be high because the subscales' Cronbach alpha values were from 0.723 through 0.895. Secondly, the KESHH showed systematically increasing score as the hearing impairment increased. The lowest score was 24 and the highest score was 117 and the average scores of the hearing impaired and non-hearing impaired are 72.06(SD=15.67) and 66.98(SD=20.94) showing 5.08 increased score for the hearing impaired. Depending on the degree of the hearing loss, the scores recorded 52.63 at the below of the mild hearing loss, 67.29 for the moderate hearing loss, 71.89 for the moderately severe hearing loss, and 75.57 for the severe hearing loss The comparison of the scores by hearing levels indicated that the higher the hearing levels were, the higher the scores of the KESHH with statistical significance(p<0.001). Thirdly, the correlation among 4 subscales was 0.384~0.880(p<0.001). Also, the pure tone average, personality, and the four subscales correlations showed statistical significance with 0.148~0.880 except for the pure tone average and personality and the pure tone average and perception of hearing aids. Fourthly, the total variances explained for the independent subscles were analyzed with multiple regression. The social effect was explained 17.4% with pure tone average, personality, and the status of hearing aid use variances. The psycho/emotional effect was explained 14.4% with puretone average, personality, and age variances. The interpersonal effect was explained 11.2% with pure tone average, personality, and the status of hearing aid use variances. The perception of hearing aids effect was explained 2.2% with only personality. Finally, test-retest reliability was proved to be high with 0.791(p<0.001). Conclusively, the KESHH that was developed considering Korean culture can be a useful instrument for expressing the hearing handicaps of the Korean aged hearing impaired in scores for both hearing aid users and non-users. Also, it is thought that the KESHH is useful clinically for identifying the changes of the hearing handicap scores before and after wearing hearing aids and aural rehabilitation at diverse situations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of age in the response to long-term overnight orthokeratology (OK) lens wearing. Methods: Among volunteers, ninety-five healthy subjects who had no eye diseases and could wear OK contact lens at least for 8 hours every day were divided into three groups children, youngsters and young adults. Unaided logMAR visual acuity, refractive error, apical corneal radius, corneal asphericity and central corneal thickness were measured with different period; before and after one day, one week, two weeks, one month, three months and six months of OK lens wear. Paired student t-test, ANOVA analysis and Pearson correlation were used with a critical p value of 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results: All groups showed statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in unaided visual acuity, a trend for flattening in the apical corneal radius, decrease in central corneal thickness and less prolate after OK lens wear. The child group showed significantly rapid change (p<0.001) in visual acuity, and apical corneal radius showed that they reached the targeted refractive change earlier compared with youngster and adult groups. The visual effect of OK lens was significantly related with the change in central corneal thickness after long-term OK lens wear, especially in child and youngster group, and central corneal thickness were highly correlated with the targeted refractive change. Conclusions: Visual acuity change is statistically correlated with the central corneal thickness change, which is highly correlated with targeted refractive change in the long-term orthokeratology and younger lens wearers showed a rapid response to OK lens wear, suggesting a reduced epithelial response with increasing age. The results found this study extends our understanding and development in the long-term orthokeratology.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of improving read speed with color filter or without color filter to improve reading disorder of teenager who were diagnosed as Meares-Irlen syndrome through survey inspection with Meares-Irlen syndrome visual stress (MISViS) score. Methods: MISViS subjects were selected from screening survey MISViS results given above 2.13 in the clinical criteria scores (MISViS score). Reading speed were measured quickly and efficiently the rate of reading via test in which randomly ordered common words are read aloud during a minute. Each of the subjects were worn a filter of the lowest concentration in each color filter group composed of 15 groups. Results: MISViS score of MISViS group and control group were 2.57 and 0.66, respectively. Results of reading speed with filter and without filter in MISViS group were $102.27{\pm}27.86$ wpm and $118.87{\pm}26.99$ wpm (p=0.001), respectively, as well as were $132.93{\pm}6.88$ wpm and $133.43{\pm}6.64$ wpm (p=0.131) in the normal group. Associated with error changes with filter and without filter between two groups, skipping in MISViS Group were from $0.25{\pm}0.62$ times to 0 times (p=0.191), Errors were from $1.83{\pm}1.69$ times to $0.17{\pm}0.38$ times (p = 0.004) and, repetitions were 0. skipping in control group were 0 times, errors were from $0.21{\pm}0.43$ times to $0.07{\pm}0.27$ times (p=0.336) and, repetitions were from $0.14{\pm}0.36$ times to 0 (p=0.165). The filter of blue series chosen in MISViS group had higher percentage (40%), whereas, subjects in normal group were more likely to prefer the filter of gray color (29%). Conclusions: This study showed that MISViS score have been used as a significant diagnosis for Irlen syndrome screening. This study found that wearing suitable color filter for MISViS patients were useful to improve learning with regard to reading. Unique color filter selection for MISViS subjects must be carefully considered since fit color filter are different personally.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.547-561
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• 1998

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by repetitive episode of upper airway collapse during sleep. Recent studies showed that not only the anatomic factors but the physiologic factors of the upper airway also have effcts on the occurrence of apnea and that the genioglossus muscle also plays an important role in the maintenance of the upper airway. A variety of therapies were performed to treat OSA, and among them the use of mandibular repositioning appliances showed reasonable results. But there is still a lack of research on the structural and physiological mechanism upon the use of mandibular repositioning appliances. The author selected 26(male 17, female 9) OSA patients that came to the Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Department of Orthodontics, and 20 normal adults (male 10, female 10) and took cephalometric radiographs of them in a supine position before and after the placement of the mandibular repositioning appliance to see the structural changes of the upper airway and compare the therapeutic effects between the two groups. We also studied the waking genioglossus muscle activity in OSA patients and investigated the difference in the electromyogram of the genioglosssus muscle upon the change in body posture and the use of mandibular repositioning appliance. Following results were obtained. 1. Among the cephalometric measurements of the upper airway structure, the length of the soft palate, maximum thickness of the soft Palate and SPAS, MAS, VAL, H-H1, MP-H showed statistically significant differences between the normal and OSA groups, but the IAS and EAS showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. 2. In both the normal and OSA groups, as the epiglottis moved forward on wearing the mandibular repositioning appliance, the epiglottis level of the upper airway increased and the maximum thickness of the soft palate changed and the hyoid bone also moved forward, but the IAS in both groups showed various results and the effect of the mandibular repositioning appliance on the structure of the upper airway was different in the two groups. 3. Upon changing the position, the electromyogram of the genioglossus muscle showed a increasing tendency but there was no statistically significant differences, and when the mandibular repositioning appliance were worn there was a statistically significant increase in the electromyogram of the genioglossus muscle in both the upright and supine positions. The mandibular repositioning appliances not only have an effect on the anatomical structure of the upper airway but also on the physiology of the upper airway. There are different responses to the use of mandibular repositioning appliance between the normal and OSA groups therefore it could be considered to have the different physiology of the upper airway between the two groups.