Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation (재활치료과학)

Korean Society of Neurological Occupational Therapy (대한신경계작업치료학회)
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Effect of Occupational Therapy Based on Activity Analysis and Forward Chaining on the Promotion of Activities of Daily Living of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Case Study

활동분석과 전방 연쇄 방법을 이용한 작업치료가 발달장애아동의 일상생활활동 수행 증진에 미치는 효과: 사례연구

  • Received : 2023.07.20
  • Accepted : 2023.10.10
  • Published : 2024.02.28
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Abstract

Objective : This study aimed to acquire activities of daily living (ADL) skills through activity analysis and forward chaining in children with developmental disabilities. Methods : In this study, the performance of children with developmental disabilities was guided stepwise using a changing criterion design. The intervention was conducted in forward chaining after the therapist analyzed the activities of three tasks (shoes, shorts, and short-sleeved T-shirts) set as the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The performance rate at each stage of the three tasks was used as an independent variable, and COPM performance and satisfaction scores before and after the intervention were set as dependent variables. Results : The task performance rates of children wearing shoes, shorts, and short-sleeved T-shirts improved over time. Even at home, the scores for performance and satisfaction of all three tasks increased. Conclusion : Hopefully, activity analysis and behavioral chaining methods will be used not only for ADL but also for various tasks in children with developmental disabilities who have difficulty acquiring tasks.

목적 : 본 연구는 발달장애아동에게 활동분석과 전방 연쇄 방법을 이용하여 일상생활활동 기술을 습득시키고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 기준변동설계를 사용하여 발달장애아동의 일상생활활동을 단계별로 지도하였다. 중재는 캐나다 작업수행평가(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, COPM)로 설정된 3가지 과제(신발 신기, 반바지 입기, 반팔 티셔츠)를 치료사가 활동분석한 후 전방 연쇄 방법으로 진행되었다. 독립 변인으로 사용된 3개 과제의 단계별 수행률과 중재 전과 후의 COPM 수행도와 만족도 점수를 종속 변인으로 설정하였다. 중재는 주 5일, 30분씩 이루어졌고, 기초선(3회)을 포함한 신발 신기는 총 18회기, 반바지 입기는 총 25회기, 반팔 티셔츠 입기는 총 18회기 실시되었다. 결과 : 연구 결과 아동의 신발 신기, 반바지 입기, 반팔 티셔츠 입기의 과제 수행률은 회기가 지날수록 향상되었고, 가정에서의 3가지 과제의 수행도와 만족도 역시 증가된 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과 발달장애아동의 수준에 따른 단계화되고 체계적인 지도 방법은 아동의 일상생활활동 기술을 학습시키는 데 효과적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 기초로 과제 학습에 어려움이 있는 발달장애아동에게 일상생활활동뿐만 아니라 다양한 활동영역에 활동분석과 행동 연쇄 방법이 활용되기를 기대해 본다.

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