• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

Increasing consumers' individuality and their desire of revelation, owing to accumulation of economic wealth, are making furniture designs more differentiated and various in its method and theme. Trends of contemporary furniture designs are changing from pursuing the functional efficiency of mere usage of their product in the past to satisfying the desire of consumers with full consideration of their emotional aspects, that is, the design that helps consumers communicate with products. In these trends, it is necessary to analyze the emotional factor of consumers for the examination of their emotional desire and apply its analysis to the furniture design.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2001

Disease resistance in plants is often controlled by gene-for-gene mechanism in which avirulence (avr) gene products encoding by pathogens are specifically recognized, either directly or indirectly by plant disease resistance (R) gene products. Recent studies arising from molecular cloning of a number of R genes from various plant species that confer resistance to different pathogens and corresponding avr genes from various pathogens resulted in the accumulation of a wealth of knowledge on mode of action of gene-for-gene interaction. Specially, members of the NBS-LRR class of R genes encoding proteins containing a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and carboxyl-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) confer resistance to very different types of phytopathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, viruses, nematodes and aphids. This article reviewed the molecular events that occur up-stream of defense response pathway, specially, bacterial avr gene protein recognition mediated by NBS-LRR type R gene product in plant based on current research results of well studied model plants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

"인터넷+" 경제 모델의 부상과 급속한 발전으로 인터넷은 사회 경제와 깊이 통합되어 삶의 구석구석을 파고든다. 전자상거래 기업은 내부 투자나 자본 축적을 통한 사업 규모 확대에 비해 효율적인 인수합병(M&A)을 통해 직접 타사를 지배하려는 경향이 강하다. 본 연구의 목적은 인터넷 시대 중국 최대 전자상거래기업인 알리바바의 M&A를 중심으로 M&A 전후의 재무실적 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구는 M&A가 알리바바의 주가와 주주 재산에 미치는 영향을 보다 직관적으로 제시하기 위해 사건연구 방식으로 시장모델을 선정해 비정상수익률을 측정했다. 연구결과 M&A 이벤트는 단기적으로 알리바바의 주주재산 감소로 이어졌음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 전자상거래기업들의 M&A성과에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시하고 있다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2023

ASL estimation of public building is based on how appropriate the maximum age of the asset is derived based on the age record of the asset in the statistical data owned by public institutions. This is because we get a 'constrained' ASL by that number. And it is especially true because other studies have assumed that the building is an Iowa curve R3. Also, in this study, the survival rate is 1% as the threshold value at which the survival curve and the predictable life curve almost coincide. Rather than a theoretical basis, in the national statistical survey, the value of residual assets was recognized from the net value of 10% of the acquisition value when the average service life has elapsed, and 1% when doubling the average service life has elapsed. It is based on the setting mentioned above. The biggest constraint in fitting statistical data to the Iowa curve is that the maximum ASL is selected at R3 150%, and the 'constrained' ASL is calculated by the proportional expression on the assumption that the Iowa curve is followed. In like manner constraints were considered. First, the R3 disposal curve for the RCC(reinforced cement concrete) building was prepared according to the discarding method in the 2000 work, and it was jointly worked on with the National Statistical Office to secure the maximum amount of vintage data, but the lacking of sample size must be acknowledged. Even after that, the National Statistical Office and the Bank of Korea have been working on estimating the Iowa curve for each asset class in the I-O table. Another limitation is that the asset classification uses the broad classification of buildings as a subcategory. Second, if there were such assets with a lifespan of 115 years that were acquired in 1905 and disposed of in 2020, these discarded data would be omitted from this ASL calculation. Third, it is difficult to estimate the correct Iowa curve based on the stub-curve even if there is disposal data because Korea has a relatively shorter construction history, accumulated economic wealth since the 1980's. In other words, "constrained" ASL is an under-estimation of its ASL. Considering the fact that Korea was an economically developing country in the past and during rapid economic development, environmental factors such as asset accumulation and economic ability should be considered. Korea has a short period of accumulation of economic wealth, and the history of 'proper' architectures faithful to building regulations and principles is short and as a result, buildings 'not built properly' and 'proper' architectures are mixed. In this study, ASL of RCC public building was estimated at 70 years.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2005

Disease resistance in plants is often controlled by gene-for-gene mechanism in which avirulence (avr) gene products encoding by pathogens are specifically recognized, either directly or indirectly by plant disease resistance (R) gene products and sequential signal transduction pathways activating defense responses are rapidly triggered. As a results, not only exhibit a resistance against invading pathogens but also plants maintain the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to various other pathogens. This molecular interaction between pathogen and plant is commonly compared to innate immune system of animal. Recent studies arising from molecular characterization of a number of R genes from various plant species that confer resistance to different pathogens and corresponding avr genes from various pathogens resulted in the accumulation of a wealth of knowledge on molecular mechanism of gene-for-gene interaction. Furthermore, new technologies of genomics and proteomics make it possible to monitor the genome-wide gene regulation and protein modification during activation of disease resistance, expanding our ability to understand the plant immune response and develop new crops resistant to biotic stress.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate the impacts of long-term savings motives on fostering household participation and contribution to savings mechanisms in rural Vietnam. The paper is organized in five parts: introduction, data description, methodology, empirical results, and conclusion. The quantitative methodology is employed and three simultaneous estimation methods, including instrumental variable model, two-step model, and Heckman model are used to test these impacts as well as the robustness of results. In each model, the paper examines the impacts of independent factors on both household participation and household contribution to savings mechanisms. Two sets of independent variables: long-term savings motives (profit-making investment, accumulation for big expenditure, providing for old age, and cost of educations) and control variables (dependency rate, number of people in household, and household wealth) are in each model. A set of dataset of 2,314 households for analysis is obtained from household survey in rural Vietnam. Robust statistical findings indicate that profit-making investment emerged to be the strongest motive fostering household participation to savings mechanisms while other long-term savings motives have little or no impact on fostering household participation to savings mechanisms. In addition, education investment encourages household contribution to savings mechanisms in rural Vietnam.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.306-324
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze green growth issues such as employment, education and training, social capital and nature's standing right from the complementary perspective between natural environment conservation and economic growth. Green growth can be defined as a growth which lowers an increasing rate of entropy and at the same time improves our living standard. Green growth paradigm requires a quite amount of understanding the laws of thermodynamics and the uncertainty principle as the highest orders which regulate our overall socio-economic behaviors. They suggest that socio-economic growth is a mere transformation process of natural energy from one form to another and they increases natural manmade entropy over time. The most important issue of green growth policy may be a problem concerning employment and/or unemployment since green growth may induce inevitable movement of resources from the existing industries to the green sector. In particular, green industries will demand more highly specialized manpower than the existing ones. Without a well-designed new training education system and social capital accumulation toward environmental concerns, green growth may accompany a substantial amount of structural involuntary frictional unemployment. This may increase not only wealth-distribution disparity but also political instability. In order to achieve harmonious green growth, we should recognize that there are important complementary relationships between green and growth. Our society should also be able to innovate the existing educational system to accumulate social capital, to create a new sharing system, and to admit nature's standing right. Although the 2003 lawsuit case of Korean Salamander in Cheonseong Mountain went against plaintiff, it would provide apparently our society with a way of green development ahead.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2024

그 동안 경영판단의 합리성은 자기 이익 극대화라는 경제적 합리성에 국한되어 판단되었다. 그러나 환경, 사회, 기업의 이익을 조화와 균형의 관점으로 추구하는 ESG 시대의 경영합리성은 새로운 판단 기준을 요구하고 있다. ESG 경영의 목표는 지속가능발전이다. 지속가능발전은 과거 경제의 목표였던 부의 축적을 넘어 전체 사회와 함께 발전하는 상생과 공정한 발전 등 전체 사회의 행복을 지향한다. 지속가능발전이 도모하는 전체 사회의 행복은 아리스토텔레스의 관점에서 공동체 구성원인 시민의 최고선과 다르지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서 필자는 ESG 시대의 경영자에게 요구되는 새로운 경영합리성을 아리스토텔레스의 시민 개념과 ESG 경영의 주체인 '기업시민' 개념을 비교함으로써 모색하고자 시도하였다. 이러한 비교·분석을 통해 ESG 시대의 새로운 경영합리성은 재무적 이익과 환경적·사회적 이익의 조화와 균형에 있고, 이것은 기업의 최고의사결정권자의 올바른 신념과 실천적 지혜에 달려 있음을 주장한다. 이러한 주장은 국내 대표기업의 지속가능경영보고서와 관련 연구에서 객관적인 성과로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.677-694
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• 2015

이 논문의 목적은 도시 성장의 패러다임이 양적 성장에서 질적 발전으로 전환되어야 한다는 문제의식에서 사회적 지속가능성의 담론을 고찰하고 실천적 과제를 탐색하는 데 있다. 그간 한국의 도시성장은 질적인 발전을 외면한 채 양적 팽창에 중점을 두어왔고, 그 결과 총량적 부는 달성하였지만 도시 빈곤과 사회적 양극화, 복지와 삶의 질 악화 등 도시 내 사회적으로 지속가능하지 못한 문제들을 양산해왔다. 이에 사회적 지속가능성은 형평성을 근간으로 도시민의 사회적 필요를 충족시키고, 사회적 발전이 지속되는 데 관심을 가진다는 점에서 도시 발전의 불평등과 분배 문제에 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 아울러 사회적 지속가능성은 내발적 주체로서 도시민의 역량을 강화하고 거버넌스를 증진하는 기제가 될 수 있다. 지속가능한 발전에 관한 논의에서 출발한 사회적 지속가능성은 서구 학계를 중심으로 점차 그 중요성이 부각되면서 개념과 실천적 과제가 연구자에 따라 다양하게 논의되고 있는 한편, 국내에서는 아직까지 사회적 지속가능성에 대한 관심이 부족하고 제도적 장치가 불비하다. 그럼에도 사회적 지속가능성의 개념과 실천적 과제들은 오랜 기간 양적 성장 위주로 발전하면서 그 모순이 누적되어 온 한국 도시의 향후 발전 경로에 시사하는 점이 크다.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-97
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• 2010

Representation of destitution may be considered as an expression of a social desire toward forging a bond or solidarity with the impoverished. However, political and ethical demands of the solidarity force the formulaic framework structuring the form of representation to its limits. The thesis aims to examine the responses to such demands within the tradition of modernist literature that can be traced from Charles Baudelaire, Knut Hamsun to Franz Kafka and that somehow culminates with Samuel Beckett, and to analyze how the issue of destitution that weaves through Beckett's works criticizes and inherits such a heritage. Whereas destitution in 19th century Realism is structurally fixed and its potential for change is inherently excluded, for these writers, destitution is no longer the state of rigid reality in which any possibility is limited. It is destitution as an imperative that calls for exploitation of possibilities that can be recuperated from the impoverished condition of destitution. What these writers consistently resist against is destitution that leads to compensation and reward. Since occupying a superior position toward the other as the subject of description or sympathy can be seen as one form of profit or reward, they have persistently pursued absolute solitariness and austere conditions rather than prematurely simulating a sense of solidarity and community. The ultimate goal of destitution as an imperative is to pursue destitution in order to worsen it by identifying and then excluding and expending possessions and assets to a state of penury. This is a paradoxical process that opens up the realm of possibilities of destitution and redefines it as abundance and wealth. Destitution for Beckett as seen in the writers above is the objective of literature. But, what he focuses on is to amplify the shreds of economic world that still remain in a state of poverty and to reveal extreme poverty as a state of odd affluence and to transform it into a pursuit of accumulation and profit. One of his famous axioms, "less is more", contains the essence of such a paradoxical strategy. In a sense, such approach is a twist on the strategy that identifies and uses any remaining potential hidden in destitution as was pursued by other writers. It also expands on the imagination of the destitute described by Hamsun. But Hamsun and Beckett are diametrical opposites. Unlike Hamsun, Beckett does not link imagination with a sense of guilt. Imagination is not intended to overcome the destitute reality nor to culminate in artistic martyrdom as in the case of Kafka's hunger artist. The imagination of the impoverished in Beckett is simply a hilarious game and not an escape that ends in a sense of guilt. This game formulates a "rhetorical question" or derision at the ironical situation where the pursuit of hunger and art as the disinterestedness has been turned into symbolic capital. It is inherently a fundamental critique at the aestheticization of destitution that has been pursued by Modernism. Beckett's efforts at divulging falsehood inherent in non-profit acts such as charity, donation and hospitality are dissections of social fictions in which aestheticization of destitution remains a part of the whole.