• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Purpose : To investigate the validity of digital image processing on panoramic radiographs in estimating bone quality before endosseous dental implant installation by correlating bone quality in radiographic images with clinical bone quality classification. Materials and Methods : An experienced surgeon assessed and classified bone quality for implant sites with tactile sensation at the time of implant placement. Including fractal dimension eighteen morphologic features of trabecular pattern were examined In each anatomical sites on panoramic radiographs. Finally bone quality of 67 implant sites were evaluated in 42 patients. Results : Pearson correlation analysis showed that three morphologic parameters had weak linear negative correlation with clinical bone quality classification showing correlation coefficients of -0.276, -0.280, and - 0.289, respectively (p<0.05). And other three morphologic parameters had obvious linear negative correlation with clinical bone quality classification showing correlation coefficients of -0.346, -0.488, and -0.343 respectively (p<0.05). Fractal dimension also had a linear correlation with clinical bone quality classification with correlation coefficients -0.506 significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that fractal and morphometric analysis using digital panoramic radiographs can be used to evaluate bone quality for implant recipient sites.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.643-646
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• 2013

We present an improved AdaBoost algorithm to avoid overfitting phenomenon. AdaBoost is widely known as one of the best solutions for object detection. However, AdaBoost tends to be overfitting when a training dataset has noisy samples. To avoid the overfitting phenomenon of AdaBoost, the proposed method divides positive samples into K clusters using k-means algorithm, and then uses only one cluster to minimize the training error at each iteration of weak learning. Through this, excessive partitions of samples are prevented. Also, noisy samples are excluded for the training of weak learners so that the overfitting phenomenon is effectively reduced. In our experiment, the proposed method shows better classification and generalization ability than conventional boosting algorithms with various real world datasets.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Eighty-five different cultivars of Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata, B. oleracea and hexaploid Brassica collected from Bangladesh, Japan, China and Denmark were analyzed by SDS-PAGE for seed and leaf protein variations, using esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozyme analysis. Ten polymorphic bands were identified from seed protein however no identifiable polymorphic band was found in the leaf protein. Polymorphic markers clearly distinguished the different Brassica species as well as yellow sarson (YS) and brown seeded (BS) cultivars of B. rapa. The $F_1$ cross between YS and brown seeded cultivars showed the existance of all poly-morphic bands of the respective parents. The Bangla-deshi and Japanese cultivars of B. rapa differed in the amount of seed protein. In the case of isozyme analysis, esterase showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (13) followed by acid phosphatase (9) and peroxidase (5). These polymorphic markers were very effec-tive for classification of all the species studied in this experiment. In parentage tests using isozymes, the hybridity of intra-and-interspecific crosses of almost all the seedlings could be identified from their respective cross combinations. Esterase polymorphism showed a clear differentiation between YS and BS types of B. rapa. In addition, two esterase polymorphic markers were iden ified to differentiate some cultivars of B. juncea. Segregation patterns in these two esterase bands showed a simple Mendelian monohybrid ratio of 3:1 in $F_2$, 1:1 in test cross and 1:0 in back cross progenies. No polymorphic band was identified to distinguish different cultivars of the same species by acid phosphatase or peroxidase. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with seed coat color specific marker of B. juncea. The yellow seeded cultivars produced a strong band at 0.5 kb and weak band 1.2 kb. In the addition of these two specific bands, Japanese yellow-seeded cultivars expressed two more weak bands at 1.0 kb and 1.1 kb. Where the brown seeded cultivars generated a single strong band at 1.1 kb. In segregating population, the yellow seed coat color marker segregated at a ratio 15 (brown) : 1 (yellow), indicating the digenic inheritance pattern of the trait.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-155
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• 2014

The horse industry is a very large and important part of our national and local economies. As the horse industry which includes agriculture, business, sports, gaming, entertainment, and recreation is recently leads to interests in the local market, it is expected to maximize social and economic effects as a higher value-added industry. In reality, however, the portion of the horse industry is very poor in the entire agricultural industry, and it is prepared under very weak conditions for vitalization due to many restricted factors caused by low awareness and weak competitiveness in the horse industry. Under the circumstances, the paper presents Korean export status of horse industry and suggests the strategies for vitalization of exporting horse-related goods. The results of the study are as follows: Korean government needs to revise the law for export expansion, clarify HS tariff classification of horse-related industry, expand export items and markets, provide the export support policies and support the technical alliance with advanced countries.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2018

The characteristics of heat wave events in Seoul are analyzed using weather station data from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2016. Heat waves are defined as events in the upper 10th percentile of the daily maximum temperatures. The associated synoptic weather patterns are then classified into six clusters through Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis for sea-level pressure anomalies in East Asia. Cluster 1 shows an anti-cyclonic circulation and weak troughs in southeast and west of Korea, respectively. This synoptic pattern leads to southeasterly winds that advect warm and moist air to the Korean Peninsula. Both clusters 2 and 3 are associated with southerly winds formed by an anti-cyclonic circulation over the east of Korea and cyclonic circulation over the west of Korea. Cluster 4 shows a stagnant weather pattern with weak winds and strong insolation. Clusters 5 and 6 are associated with F?hn wind resulting from an anti-cyclonic circulation in the north of the Korean Peninsula. In terms of long-term variations, event frequencies of clusters 4 and 5 show increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. However, other clusters do not show any long-term trends, indicating that the mechanisms that drive heat wave events in Seoul have remained constant over the last four decades.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2017

Since the year 2000, the growth rate of domestic manufacturing has declined and the sales and employment have decreased. Major developed countries have established a variety of strategies to strengthen their manufacturing competitiveness, and promote manufacturing innovation through the convergence of technology and ICT. The key to manufacturing innovation is to reduce the time and cost for developing new products using modeling and simulation (M&S) technology in the product design stage. M&S industries, which belong to the top sector of the industry value chain, have a huge ripple effect across other industries. On the other hand, the competitiveness of the domestic M&S industry is weak compared to developed countries and even the definition and classification of domestic M&S companies have not been made. In this paper, by analyzing the Korea Standard Industry Classification (KSIC), five fine industry classifications included in M&S service companies were derived. In addition, the 307 M&S service companies were derived in accordance with the selection procedure of 3 steps from the 11,822 related companies. To analyze the capabilities of domestic M&S service companies, the current status of the selected M&S service companies was investigated. Considering the Korean economy's high dependence on the manufacturing industry, strengthening the competitiveness of manufacturing industry is required by enhancing the capacities and building an ecosystem in domestic M&S services for future sustainable economic growth.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.61-97
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• 2008

This paper aims at analyzing the practice of job rotation in the Korean government and putting forward policy suggestions. The Korean government is often accused of low capacity and weak competitiveness, which mainly result from the low expertise of public officials. Considering the high quality of human resources flowing into the public sector in Korea, solutions should be found from the structure of the system. This paper regards frequent position changes due to excessive job rotation as a key factor undermining the accumulation of expertise and conducts in-depth analyses. The current practice of frequent rotation shows that the average tenure period of government officials at director level and above is only about one year, far shorter than those in major developed countries, which causes many problems such as low efficiency, lack of accountability and policy consistency, and low opportunity for accumulating expertise. Simple models are set up to analyze job rotation and other alternative personnel management systems. Analyses find that it would be desirable to have each individual experience various positions during the initial rotation period to find his/her own aptitude, and then accumulate expertise by settling in at a certain specialized field for a prolonged period of time based on the revealed aptitude in mid and high positions. This turns out to be in line with the structure of the Career Development Program which is being introduced. The model-based analysis of this paper distinguishes this study from preceding ones conducted in the traditional framework of personnel management study. Practical measures to mitigate the problems of frequent job rotation include rotating within the area of specialty, narrowing the scope of transfer, and reinforcing the minimum tenure period. However, since the current frequent rotation is fundamentally attributable to the rank system based on seniority, the present civil service classification system needs to be converted into a position classification system in the long run.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-57
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• 1994

The objective of running a long-term care institution is to provide services helpful for maintaining, supporting, and improving elderlies' optimum level of physical, mental, and psychosocial functioning. For the purpose of analyzing the current situations of institutional long term care facilities in Korea, 27 facilities were selected proportionately from each of the cities and provinces, out of the total 152 facilities. About 20% of those who were institutionalized during 25 August through 2 Qctober 1993, the 391 elderlies were chosen on a systematic random basis. The instrument of this study was developed by modifying the tools of CARE, MAI and PCTC. A multivariate approach of discriminant analysis and clustering technique were employed for this study. The Stiudy reveals that there is no clear differentiation of goals and functions among the longterm care institutions in Korea. Staffing patte군 of long-term care facilities shows a shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dieticians. The linkage between acute care facilities and long-term care is weak, and administration of long-term care faciltiy is carried out by non-professionals. They are responsible for assessing health status before entering the facility, and evaluating elderlies' care. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that most of the facilities have accommodated agede regardless of their real needs and health status. Based upon findings of the analysis, this study has classified long-term care facilities into four types : Type I is to help elderlies maintain independence in daily living activities. Type II facilities have the objective of maintaining and improving the current level of elderlies' function. Type III is to maintain maximum independence of elderlies in activities of daily living. And Type IV is identified for the group of facilities designed to restore or improve functional abilities of elderlies. In conclusion, the following suggestions are made : the need for long-term care should be assessed by multidimensional measurement. Institutional long-term care facilities should be classified and developed in response to type of type of care and service need. Both acute and long-term care facilities should be linked together in order to support the evaluation of service operation and program development.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

It is very important to utilize effectively fibrous waste paper in terms of cost savings, environmental effects, and governmental policies. The quality of final products and runnability of papermaking process are primarily affected by constitutions of fibrous raw materials. In specific, board grade paper depends directly on compositions of waste paper bales. At present, the raw materials of board grade paper are mainly derived from lots kinds of wastepaper. Some papermaking countries, like EU, USA and Japan have advanced classification and management systems of recycled fiber, but Korea has not yet organized systematically. In this study, evaluation of wastepaper bale compositions and their fiber properties were carried out for effective utilization of fibrous raw materials for board grade paper production. 3 kinds of wastepaper bales were classified to fibrous or non-fibrous materials. In case of fibrous materials, KOCC, kraft sack paper and white duplex board matters were main component in total weight basis, and in case of non-fibrous materials, vinyl, plastic and cloth matters were main component, in turns. 3 representative kinds of waste paper were disintegrated and classified, and then prepared to handsheet for evaluation of recycled fiber property. Consequently, fines and ash content of waste paper, isolated from KOCC and white duplex board were higher than that of kraft sack paper. pH values of all kinds of waste fibers were neutral or weak alkaline.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2008

Objectives : As obese children have been increased, the interest in the impact of obesity on growth also have been increased. This study is to examine relations between obesity and skeletal maturity by analyzing body compositions and bone age. Methods : Subjects were composed of 233 children from 6 years to 17 years of age, without any other diseases related to growth, who visited the department of pediatrics, OO oriental medicine hospital and measured their body composition (body mass index, body fat ratio, fitness score) and bone age. Results : 1. As body mass index was increased, the skeletal maturity significantly was also increased. 2. As the mean of bone maturity was increased, the BMI was increased from the underweight type to the normal type to the overweight type; the bone maturity was increased as the fat ratio was increased from the normal type to the obese type to the excessively obese type; and the bone maturity was higher in the weak, obese type than the normal type when classified according to the Fitness Score. 3. The bone maturity of the overweight group in the BMI classification and excessively obese group in the fat ratio classification significantly were increased. 4. Skeletal maturity significantly was increased in children who developed secondary sexual character. 5. The significance of obesity causing increase of the skeletal maturity was higher in boys than in girls. 6. Only in the case of children without development of secondary sexual character, obesity caused an significant increases in the skeletal maturity. Conclusions : Obesity could cause the increase of skeletal maturity, and the obesity could affect more to the boys than girls and more to the children than teenagers.