• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.308-308
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• 2022

β-glucan, a nonstarch polysaccharide, is one of the main functional component in the cell wall of barley. This study was quality characteristics to use a korean variety with a high β-glucan as an original material for developing functional food. The high β-glucan 'Jeonju528, and 'Betaone' were compared with 'Hyeyang', 'Dahyang', 'Hwanggeumchal' and 'Glacier AC38' total 6 varieties. Seed section dyed to classify of Waxy/non-waxy type, starch granule was tested and moisture, protein, amylose, and β-glucan of whole grains and pearl barleys were experiment. Whole grains were the average protein of 13.2% and were the average starch 50.1%. β-glucan of whole grains were 5.3-10.0%, and amylose were 3.0-23.4%. Pearl barleys were the average protein of 11.7% and were the average starch of 65.0%. β-glucan of pearl barleys were 6.5-12.3%, and amylose were 3.6-31.1%. As a results of the correlation analysis were recognized significance among varieties for protein, starch and β-glucan but there was no difference in other traits. It was concluded that amylose showed a positive correlation with starch and β-glucan showed a negative correlation with amylose.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2016

Effects of soaking time on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of waxy rice flours and starches purified from flours using the alkaline steeping method were investigated. Korean cultivar Sinseonchal waxy rice was washed and soaked in tap water (1:2 w/w) and stored at room temperature for 15 days. On each day of soaking for 0, 1,2 3, 5, 10, and 15 days, pH of soaking water was measured and rice grains were dried, ground, and passed through 100 mesh sieve. The pH was reduced to 3.90 by day 5 and increased to 4.60 by day 15. The protein and ash contents, swelling powers and solubilities of flours and starches decreased with increasing soaking time. The water-binding capacities increased while trends were not similar to soaking time. The flour particle size distribution ranged from two to four peaks with increasing soaking times. Starch granule size decreased with increasing soaking time. The peak, trough, and final viscosities of flours and starches showed similar trends until 10 days and 15 days, respectively. The starches presented higher viscosities than the flours. The branch chain length distributions of amylopectin of starches showed an increaseed DP6~12 portion and decreased DP13~24 portion with increasing soaking time of waxy rice grains.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2019

This study was carried out to build a database system for amylose and protein contents of rice germplasm based on NIRS (Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) analysis data. The average waxy type amylose contents was 8.7% in landrace, variety and weed type, whereas 10.3% in breeding line. In common rice, the average amylose contents was 22.3% for landrace, 22.7% for variety, 23.6% for weed type and 24.2% for breeding line. Waxy type resources comprised of 5% of the total germplasm collections, whereas low, intermediate and high amylose content resources share 5.5%, 20.5% and 69.0% of total germplasm collections, respectively. The average percent of protein contents was 8.2 for landrace, 8.0 for variety, and 7.9 for weed type and breeding line. The average Variability Index Value was 0.62 in waxy rice, 0.80 in common rice, and 0.51 in protein contents. The accession ratio in arbitrary ranges of landrace was 0.45 in amylose contents ranging from 6.4 to 8.7%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.3 to 8.2%. In the variety, it was 0.32 in amylose ranging from 20.1 to 22.7%, and 0.51 in protein ranging from 6.1 to 8.3%. And also, weed type was 0.67 in amylose ranging from 6.6 to 9.7%, and 0.33 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%, whereas, in breeding line it was 0.47 in amylose ranging from 10.0 to 12.0%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%. These results could be helpful to build database programming system for germplasm management.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

강정 제조용 최적 찹쌀 품종을 선정을 위해서 찹쌀 10품종의 원료찹쌀과 최적조건 수침찹쌀의 이화학적 특성과 강정의 팽화율, 유지흡수율, 색도, 조직감 등을 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 주성분분석하여 강정과 이화학적 특성과의 관계를 해석하였다. 품종별 원료찹쌀의 수분함량은 10.8-12.7% 수준이었으며 단백질 함량은 백운찰벼가 9.2%로 가장 높았고 최고점도, breakdown, setback은 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호가 가장 높았다. 최적조건 수침찹쌀($31.5^{\circ}C$, 9일)의 수분함량은 한강찰벼가 가장 높았고 백운찰벼가 가장 낮았으며 단백질 함량은 시료간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 최고점도와 breakdown은 밀양225호가 가장 높았고 백진주벼가 가장 낮았으며 setback은 백진주벼1호가 가장 높았으며 동진 찰벼, 화선찰벼, 신선찰벼가 가장 낮았다. 원료찹쌀을 수침 시 수분은 증가하였고 단백질, 회분, 무기질은 대부분 감소하였으며 최고점도와 breakdown은 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호를 제외하고는 증가한 반면에 setback은 모든 품종이 감소하였다. 찹쌀 품종별 강정 제조 시 팽화율이 크고 부드럽고 아삭한 강정 제조가 가능한 최적 품종은 신선찰벼, 동진찰벼, 한강찰벼, 백운찰벼, 화선찰벼, 밀양210호, 밀양225호, 상남밭벼 순이었다. 반면 팽화가 잘 일어나지 않고 단단한 조직감을 지닌 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호는 강정 제조용으로 부적합한 품종이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1989

수도 품질다양화를 위한 품종육종에 이용하고자 India 품종 Pokhareli Mashino에서 발견된 저 amlose opaque형질에 대한 배유의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Opaque 특성을 가진 계통 CB 243은 쌀의 외관적 특성은 찰벼와 같았으나 요드용액에 대한 반응은 자청색으로 메벼와 같았다. 2. Opaque쌀의 전분형태는 찰·메벼와 차이가 없이 다각형입자이었으나 전분입의 크기는 타 품종에 비하여 현저히 작았다. 3. Opaque 쌀 전분입의 결정구조는 A형을 나타냈다. 4. Opaque쌀의 총 단백질함량은 13.06％로서 다른 품종들에 비해 약 50％정도 높았으나 아미노산 조성비율은 차이가 없었다. 5. Opaque쌀의 알카리 붕괴도는 1.7％ KOH 용액에서 1.8정도로 다른 품종에 비해 매우 낮았다. 6. Opaque쌀의 전체 수분흡수량과 흡수속도는 찰과 고 amylose계통에 비하여 적고 늦었으며 메벼 통일과 비슷하였다. 7. Opaque쌀의 amylogram 특성은 호화 개시시간이 36분, 최고점도 980BU,최저점도 500BU, Steback - 260BU, Consistency 200BU로 찰과 메의 중간값을 보였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1992

This investigation was undertaken for the purpose of studying the quality and acceptability during storage at room or refrigerator temperature of Yackwa containing waxy rice flour substituted for 0,10,30,50,70% of the wheat flour. The storage periods were 0,15,30 and 45 days. Chemical composition, composition of fatty acids, and value, and peroxide values of Yackwa were measured. Sensory evaluation was done by a panel of 5 judges majoring in food and nutrition. The evaluation was repeated 4 times. Objective evaluation was done by rheometer and color difference meter. Chemical composition of Yackwa were $5.9{\sim}6.8%$ for moisture, $3.43{\sim}4.09%$ for crude protein, $22.35{\sim}27.65%$ for crude fat, $0.27{\sim}0.31%$ for ash, $15.6{\sim}18.4%$ for fructose, $10.6{\sim}13.7%$ for glucose, $0.34{\sim}1.0%$ for sucrose, and $0.79{\sim}2.37%$ for maltose, respectively. Fatty acid contents of Yackwa were $10.54{\sim}10.73%$ for palmitic acid, $4.12{\sim}4.18%$ for stearic acid, $25.8{\sim}26.9%$ for oleic acid, $51.6{\sim}52.1%$ for linoleic acid, and $0.27{\sim}0.34%$ for linolenic acid, respectively. Acid value and peroxide value of Yackwa during storage showed little change. As a result of sensory evaluation for Yackwa made various levels of waxy rice flour, there were no significant differences in most of characteristics between the samples supplemented with waxy rice flour to 30% of wheat flour at 0.01% level. By the color difference meter, the value of L (lightness) and b (yellowness) were increased by increasing the amounts of waxy rice flour, however, there were no significant differences at 0.1% level between the samples supplemented with waxy rice flour to 30% of wheat flour, on the other hand, the value of a (redness) was decreased by increasing the amount of waxy rice flour. In the textural characteristics, brittleness, and chewiness were increased by increasing the amounts of waxy rice flour, and by lengthening the storage period, on the other hand, resilience and cohesiveness showed vice versa. In the correlation coefficient between sensory characteristics and mechanical characteristics, overall acceptability in sensory evaluation correlated significantly with cohesiveness, chewiness, and the values of L, a, and b in mechanical test in most of samples(p<0.001).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2002

흑미를 이용한 식품개발의 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 연구에서는 찹쌀계통의 흑미와 일반찰벼에 대하여 쌀가루의 물리화학적 및 이화학적 성질들을 비교하였다. 일반성분 중 조단백질은 찰흑미가 9.01%, 일반찰벼는 7.54%였으며, 무기 성분들은 전반적으로 찰흑미가 다소 높은 값을 보였는데 그 중 Mg, K, Na, P 등을 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 아미노산 조성은 두 품종 모두 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine을 가장 많이 함유하고 있었으며 품종간에는 찰흑미가 조금 많았다. 지방산 조성은 oleic acid(38.57%, 36.95%)와 linoleic acid(38.60%, 39.10%)가 가장 많이 분포하였다. 이화학적 성질 중 찰흑미(93.26%)가 일반찰벼(87.42%)보다 물결합능력이 더 높았고, 팽윤력과 용해도는 50~6$0^{\circ}C$에서는 완만한 증가를 보였지만 그 이후에는 급격하게 증가하였고, 7$0^{\circ}C$이후에는 서서히 증가하였다. 쌀가루의 최대흡수파장과 625 nm에서의 흡광도의 값은 각각 찰흑미가 520 nm, 0.054이고, 일반찰벼가 517 nm, 0.065이였다. X-선 회절도를 실험한 결과 회절각도(2$\theta$)는 15.1$^{\circ}$와 17.1$^{\circ}$, 18.0$^{\circ}$, 23.2$^{\circ}$의 전형적인 A형을 보였다. 이 X-선 회절도에서 상대결정화도를 면적비로 계산한 결과 찰흑미가 0.399, 일반찰벼는 0.405로 두 품종이 비슷한 상대결정화도를 보였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2011

To improve the textural properties of gluten free rice flour based products, the physicochemical and pasting properties of extruded non-waxy rice flours using extruder were investigated. The high yielding Tongil type rice variety, Hanarum was used. Hanarum rice flour was prepared by dry milling from soaked and dried rice grain. The operation conditions of twin screw extruder were 250 rpm of screw speed, $160^{\circ}C$ of barrel temperature, and 24, 27, and 30% of moisture content. Hanarum extruded rice flour (HERF) were lower in crude lipid and ash contents, but higher in crude protein than Hanarum rice flour (HRF). The color values of HERF showed significantly different (p<0.05) with different moisture contents. Water binding capacities, apparent amylose contents, and damaged starch of HERF were higher than those of HRF. Moisture contents affected water binding capacities of HERF. Solubility increased with increasing heating temperature and solubilities of HERF differed significantly (p<0.05). X-ray crystallinity was changed after extrusion cooking and that of HERF showed sharp peaks at $2{\theta}=18-20^{\circ}$. The pasting viscosities of HERF kept lower values (~ 10 RVU) constantly.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), also known as the '"waxy protein'", is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in the amyloplasts of cereal crops. In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), GBSS is involved in amylose synthesis and rolls as an important factor to determine flour quality and end-use quality in food products. Genes on three Wx loci have been found to encode GBSS in common wheats. We developed techniques for the purification and separation of GBSS in wheat. Three major GBSS isoforms, which were encoded by the genes on three loci, Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 migrating differently by one dimensional SDS-po-lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), were identified. GBSS from 66 Korean hard and soft winter wheats were purified and determined for their Wx loci and four of them were identified possessing a null allele either at the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci. With help of identification of three GBSS isoforms using 1D SDS-PAGE system, we are able to identify and monitor Wx gene expressions in breeding materials for developing waxy or partial waxy wheats without experiencing consecutive selecting generations.cting generations.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2006

The methanol extract of waxy brown rice fermented with Agrocybe cylindracea was prepared. The extract was then freeze dried and fed to rats at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg body weight for 14 days, followed by the treatment with carbon tetrachloride for three consecutive days to induce hepatotoxicity. After sacrificing the rats, the enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GTP) in serum was determined. Biochemical analysis on serum for albumin, total protein, triglyceride, and total as well as HDL-cholesterol were carried out along with a histopathological study of liver tissues. Based on these data, we suggest that the waxy brown rice cultured with A. cylindracea may exert hepatoprotective activity against hepatotoxicity caused by chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride.