• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.717-720
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• 2002

The present study is to evaluate the performances of flow velocity and wall shear stress in the stenosed coronary artery using human in vivo hemodynamic Parameters and computer simulation. Initial and follow-up coronary angiographics in the patients with angulated coronary stenosis are performed. Follow-up coronary angiogram demonstrated significant difference in the percent of diameter in the stenosed coronary between two groups ($Group\;1:\;40.3{\%},\;Group\;2:\;25.5{\%}$). Flow-velocity wave obtained from in vivo intracoronary Doppler ultrasound data is used for the boundary condition for the computer simulation. Spatial and temporal variations of flow velocity vector and recirculation area are drawn throughout the selected segment of coronary models. The WSS of pre- and post-intracoronary stenting are calculated from three-dimensional computer simulation. Then negative shear stresses area on 3D simulation we noted on the inner wall of the post-stenotic area before stenting. The negative WSS is disappeared after stenting. High spatial and temporal WSS before stenting fell into within physiologic WSS after stenting. This finding was prominent in Model 2. The present study suggest that hemodynamic forces exerted by pulsatile coronary circulation termed WSS might affect on the evolution of atherosclerosis within the angulated vascular curvature. The local recirculation area which has low or negative WSS, might lead to progression of atherosclerosis.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

The clonal seaweed Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) forms extensive stands at low intertidal elevations on wave-sheltered rocky shores of the North Atlantic. This study investigates if this bushy alga acts as a foundation species in such habitats. The abundance (percent cover) of C. crispus, all other algae, and invertebrates was measured in 390 quadrats spanning 350 km of coast in Nova Scotia, Canada. In these low-intertidal habitats, fucoid algae are the largest organisms and can form extensive canopies, but their cover was unrelated to benthic species richness and to C. crispus cover. Species richness, however, increased with C. crispus cover from low to intermediate cover values, showing little change towards full C. crispus cover. Species composition (a combined measure of species identity and their relative abundance) differed between quadrats with low (0-1%) and high (60-100%) cover of C. crispus. High C. crispus cover was associated to more invertebrate species but fewer algal species than low C. crispus cover. However, the average abundance of algal and invertebrate species occurring in both cover groups was often higher under high C. crispus cover, contributing to a higher average richness at the quadrat scale. Overall, only 16% of the observed variation in species richness was explained by C. crispus cover. Therefore, this study suggests that C. crispus acts as a foundation species but with a moderate influence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 2012

The number of Japanese and Chinese tourists visiting Korea has been increasing rapidly and cosmetics is one of the most popular shopping items for tourists. The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the cosmetic purchase of Japanese and Chinese female tourists in Korea and compare their purchase behaviors. Questionnaires were collected from December 12, 2010 to February 15, 2011 from the tourists visiting Myeongdong and duty free shops in Seoul. 126 responses from Japanese and 163 from Chinese tourists were used in the final analysis. There were significant differences in many aspects between the two groups. Chinese tourists were satisfied with Korean cosmetics more and found them to be more favorable, and were more active in information searches than Japanese tourists except in a few aspects. Hallyu (Korean wave) had a powerful influence on Korean cosmetics purchase behavior for both Japanese and Chinese tourists, but its effect was stronger among Chinese tourists.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.423-430
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ferric and ferric ions contained in phosphoric acid solution as a pretreatment solution on bonding of MMA/TBBO resin to dentin. Each of 1 % and 3 % ferric chloride. cupric chloride. cupric sulfate. and cupric nitrate was mixed into 10% phosphoric acid solution and pretreated dentin surface of bovine anterior teeth for 30 seconds followed- by water rinse and dry. Tensile bond strength was determined after bonding of pretreated dentin with MMA/TBBO resin by use of brush-on ;technique and storing for 24 hours in 3it distilled water. The amount of cupric ions adsorbed on pretreated dentin surface was detected by Wave-Dispersion X-ray microanalyzer for different groups of each pretreatment solution containing cupric salts. The pretreatment with cupric ions contained in 10% phosphoric acid solution was effective to increase bonding strength of MMA/TBBO resin to dentin but not in case of ferric ions. The pretreatment with 3 % cupric chloride and cupric nitrate both enhanced significant increase in bonding strength compared to the control group of 10% phosphoric acid solution(p<0.05). Cupric ions measured in pretreated dentin surface was higher in 3 % cupric chloride group than in 1% cupric chloride group, but couldn't find distinct relationship from the results of this experiment between the amount of adsorbed cupric ions according to the kind of cupric salts and the bonding strength value.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and compare them between young-aged and old-aged patients with cancer. Methods: Data of 291 patients (young-aged: 168, old-aged: 123) were obtained from the 10th wave of the 2015 Korea Health Panel Survey. The HRQOL was measured using the Korean version of Euro-QoL-5D. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify factors influencing HRQOL. Results: The average HRQOL score was 0.87±0.10 and 0.82±0.15 among young-aged and old-aged, respectively. The factors differed partially between the two groups. For young-aged, the influencing factors were activity restriction, subjectively perceived health status, and smoking. For old-aged, the influencing factors were activity restriction, subjective health status, and unmet healthcare needs. Conclusion: Strategies to improve the HRQOL of elderly adults need to be developed considering the age group. Additionally, studies that include clinical factors such as symptoms are required to prepare need-based practical approaches for better quality of life of such patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.67-82
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• 2015

The study examined whether informal and formal social participations may mediate the association between widowhood and depressive symptoms, and whether gender may moderate the mediated associations. The data consisted of men and women 65+ who participated in the $3^{rd}$ wave of the Koran Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA ; N = 4,146). Findings suggest that first, widowed older adults experienced significantly higer levels of depressive symptoms compared to their married counterparts. At the same time, the widowed individuals also reported more frequent contacts with family, friends, and neighbors (informal social participation), which contributed to narrowing the depression gap between widowed and married. Second, gender moderated the mediated association such that the mediating effect of informal social participation was significant only for older widowed women. Further, no mediating effect was found of formal social participation (participation in social, leisure, religious groups) for widowed and married regardless of gender. Previous studies indicated that social participation may be an important mediating factor that attenuates the effect of widowhood on depressive symptoms. Building on existing research, the present study highlighted theoretical rationales for potential gender differences in the way social participation may mediate the widowhood-depression linkage and evaluated statistically whether gender may moderate the mediated association.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.365-374
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• 2001

The brain is one of the most complex systems in nature. Brain waves, or the "EEG", are electrical signals that can be recorded from the brain, either directly or through the scalp. The kind of brain wave recorded depends on the behavior of the animal, and is the visible evidence of the kind of neuronal (brain cell) processing necessary for that behavior. But, EEG had been considered as a virtually infinite-dimensional random signal. However, nonlinear dynamics light on dynamical aspects of the human EEG. The methods of nonlinear dynamics provide excellent tolls for the study of multi-variable, complex system such as EEG. In this study, 20 persons seperated in 2 groups were examined with EEG, one group stimulated on specific area of the sole of the foot with footbed inside the shoes. This experiment resulted in at the group stimulated on specific area of the sole of the foot correlation dimension of P4 and O1 channels increased significantly. Therefore. we obserbed that stimulation on specific area of the body had a constant effections on the specific channels.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

There are several factors affecting the effectiveness of polymerization of the esthetic restorative materials. Among those factors, the initiator. camphoroquinone has the unique characteristic. of which the light sensitivity is very dependent on the wavelength of blue light. Camphoroquinone shows the most light absorption ability in the wavelength range of 470nm. So most of clinically used light curing systems adopt this phenomenon as their polymerization mechanism. The most popular way of light curing system is standard 40 second curing. But the problem of standard curing technique shows the rapid increase of resin viscosity followed by the acceleration of polymerization and the limited resin flow, resulted in reduction of the physicalproperty of restoration by retained stress. The object of this study was to verify the effects of narrow-banded wavelength on the microhardness of the esthetic restorative materials. a composite resin and a compomer, using filters which have peak wave length of 430nm, 450nm, 470nm, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. All the experimental groups showed lower hardness value than the control group. 2. In DyractAP, the hardness value by wavelength showed the same changing pattern on both upper and lower surfaces. 3. In DenFil, the hardness value by wavelength showed different changing pattern on upper and lower surfaces. 4. The hardness ratio showed similar pattern to the hardness variation of lower surface. but there was no significant difference between measurement in 10 minutes and 3 days later, besides the increase of hardness value.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-51
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on gastric motility in dogs with radiography and ultrasonography. All experimental dogs were fed with the soup with barium (3% W/V), and thereafter gastric emptying time(GET) was measured with radiography and ultrasonography with Bolondi's method. The acupoints were CV-12, PC-6, ST-36 and BL-21 in this experiment. On these acupoints, electroacupunctral stimulation(15 MHz, continous wave) was applied for 20 minutes. The results were as follows: In the control group, normal GET was 70-85 minutes with ultrasonography, and 110-130 minutes with radiography. In acupuncture stimulation groups, there was no effect of gastric motility in CV-12, PC-6, and 57-36, whereas there was significant stimulating effect of gastric movement in BL-21 with ultrasonography (P < 0.05) and radiography (P < 0.01). Above these results, it is concluded that acupunctural stimulation of BL-21 was more effective in gastric motility compared to those of CV-l2, PC-6 and ST-36.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

This paper present a summary of the results of statistical study of the ductility factor which is key component of response modification factor(R). To compute the ductility factor, a group of 1,860 ground motions recorded from various earthquake was considered. Based on the local site conditions at the recording station, ground motions were classified into four groups according to average shear wave velocity. Inleastic spectrum were computed for elastic perfectly plastic SDOF systems undergoing different level of inelastic deformation and period. Ductility factors were calculated by deviding elastic response spectrum by inelastic response spectrum. The influence f displacement ductility ratio, site condition, magnitude and epicentral distance on ductility factors were studied. The coefficient of variation was computed to evaluated the dispersion of ductility factors as the defined ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.