• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

In order to understand chemical characteristics and formation of dewfall in Miryang area, we analysed monthly distribution of dewfall, and investigated its chemical composition of dewfall. The modified teflon plate ($1m{\times}1m$) was used qualitatively to collect water soluble components at Miryang weather station from August 2002 to April 2003. Dewfall amount during the sampling periods (37 day) collected 5.28 mm. The behaviors of water soluble ions in dewfall showed the highest concentration ($555.8{\mu}eq/l$ for $Cl^-$, $338.6{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NO_3}^-$, $1118.2{\mu}eq/l$ for ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $262.7{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NH_4}^+$, $1341.0{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Ca_2}^+$, $177.8{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Mg_2}^+$, and $325.5{\mu}eq/l$ for $Na^+$) during the April, the lowest concentration ($243.6{\mu}eq/l$ for ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $39.3{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NH_4}^+$ and $456.2{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Ca_2}^+$) during the September. Monthly equivalent ratio of [${SO_4}^{2-}$]/[${NO_3}^-$] showed the highest value (6.45) during the March, the lowest value (1.86) during the September, and the mean value was 2.70.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2010

철제유물에서 용출된 수용성 염소이온의 농도를 측정하는 가장 이상적인 방법은 탈염처리 용액을 이온크로마토그래피(Ion Chromatography)로 분석하는 것이지만 대부분의 문화재 관련기관에서는 예산이나 전문인력 부족 등의 이유로 사용하지 못하고 염소이온농도 측정기(Cl meter)를 주로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구는 철제유물의 탈염처리 용액에 대한 염소이온농도 측정기의 $Cl^-$ 이온 농도 측정결과와 이온크로마토그래피의 측정결과를 교차 검증하여 상호 기기간의 신뢰성과 안정성을 평가하고자 한다. 분석결과 초순수는 염소이온농도 측정기의 전극에 잔류하는 수용성 염소이온의 영향으로 미량의 염소이온이 검출되었고, Sodium sesquicarbonate 시약 성분에 미량으로 존재하는 수용성 염소이온이 검출되었다. 탈염처리한 수용액은 탈염 1차에서 가장 많은 염소이온이 측정되었으며, 탈염 2차부터 탈염 4차까지는 소폭 감소하다가 초순수을 이용하는 탈알칼리 단계에서부터 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 염소이온농도 측정기마다 측정횟수에 따른 편차를 보였으며, 탈염용액 내에 염소이온 농도가 높을수록 편차는 심해졌다. 하지만 염소이온 농도가 낮을 경우 편차가 적어 철제유물의 염소이온농도를 측정하기 위한 측정기기로 안정된 결과를 보였다. 전기전도도 측정법은 알칼리 용액의 전기전도도가 높게 나타남에 따라 $Cl^-$ 이온의 함량을 예측하기에는 부적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.762-770
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• 1999

A series of vitamin-containing Pt(II) complexes of the type [Pt (FMN) (L)] (FMN=flavin mononucleotide, L=ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-bu-tanediamine) was synthesizd and characterized by IR, electronic absorption, elemental analysis and FAB=Mass. The coordination sites of FMN to Pt(II) ions were determined to be N(5) and O(6) with resultant chelate ring formation. Theses compounds have much better water solubility (30-35 mg/ml) than cisplatin (1 mg/ml). The anticancer activity of this vitamin-containing Pt(II) series was investigated by MTT assay against mouse and human leukemia cell lines in vitro. Among these compounds, FMN (1,4-butanediamine) Pt(II) having seven-membered ring structure as amine ligand showed moderate anticancer activity.

• Nano
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1850147.1-1850147.14
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• 2018

In this work, water-soluble and blue-emitting carbon nanodots (CDs) were synthesized from apple peels for the first time via one-step hydrothermal method. The synthetic route is facile, green, economical and viable. The as-prepared CDs were characterized thoroughly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in terms of their morphology, surface functional groups and optical properties. The results show that these CDs possessed ultrasmall size, good dispersivity, and high tolerance to pH, ionic strength and continuous UV irradiation. Significantly, the CDs had fast and reversible response towards temperature, and the accurate linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and temperature was used to design a novel nanothermometer in a broad temperature range from 5 to $65^{\circ}C$ facilely. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of CDs was observed to be quenched immediately by Cr(VI) ions based on the inner filter effect. A low-cost Cr(VI) ions sensor was proposed employing CDs as fluorescent probe, and it displayed a wide linear range from 0.5 to $200{\mu}M$ with a detection limit of $0.73{\mu}M$. The practicability of the developed Cr(VI) sensor for real water sample assay was also validated with satisfactory recoveries.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.561-568
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• 1995

Two methods, precipitation and ultrafiltration, were applied in order to recover platinum group metals(PGM) by complexing them with water-soluble polyelectrolytes, e.g., polyethyleneimine [PEl], poly(2-vinylpyridine) [2-PVP], poly (4-vinylpyridine) [4-PVP], and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) [PSSA]. In the precipitation method, the PGM-polyelectrolyte complex that was formed by mixing first with polybase, e.g.,4-PVP at pH 1 was precipitated by further mixing with polyacid, e.g., PSSA. However, the recovery of PGM obtained by this method was not quantitative(less than 70%). The "sandwiching" binding between the metal anions and two polyelectrolytes was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The XPS studies indicated that the PGM atom was bound with the acdic and basic polyelectrolyte via its oxygen and nitrogen atom, respectively. The recovery of PGM using polyelectrolyte was further studied by ultrafiltration methods as follows : The PGM ions, eomplexed at pH 1 with polyelectrolyte, allowed the applicntion of membrane filtration by virtue of the great differences in molecular weights between PGM and other low molecular weight species. By applying this method, Pd and Pt (ca. $10^{-4}M$) were selectively separated almost quantitatively from coexisting metal ions, e.g., $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$. The EPR spectra and viscosity measurements indicated that these polyelectrlytes were not bound to $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ions at this pH, which provided the basis for selective separation of PGM(Pd, Pt and Rh) from these coexisting ions.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.61-64
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical characteristics of $PM^{10}$ at Anmyeon-do during the periods from January 1998 to December 2001. The $PM^{10}$ samples ($PM^{10}$) were collected by High Volume Air sampler (HVAS). The measured items were mass concentration of $PM^{10}$ with the major ions ($Cl^{-}$, ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$, ${NO_3}^{-}$, ${Mg}^{2+}$, ${Ca}^{2+}$, ${K}^{+}$etc.) and metallic elements (AI, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb etc.). The chemical analysis of major ion components were made by Ion Chromatography (DX-500) and that of metallic elements were made by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP-AES, ICP-Mass). The average mass concentration of $PM^{10}$ increased substantially during the heavy dust periods (Asian Dust cases). For water-soluble ions, concentrations of ${Ca}^{2+}$, ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$ and ${NO_3}^{-}$ were remarkably enhanced. Concentrations and mass fraction of crustal elements such as Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn were highly elevated, but those of pollution-derived heavy metals were appreciably decreased. The factor analysis was conducted in order to make the large and diverse data set as manageable levels and to qualitatively examine the relationship between the variables.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2003

Changes in the concentrations of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), soluble calcium ions, glutamic acid, and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in non-germinated vs. germinated brown rice. Brown rice was germinated for 72 h by applying each of the following solutions: (1) distilled water, (2) 5 mM lactic acid, (3) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM lactic acid, (4) 5 mM glutamic acid, and (5) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid. GABA concentrations were enhanced in all of the germinated brown rice when compared to the non-germinated brown rice. The GABA concentration was highest in the chitosan/glutamic acid that germinated brown rice at 2,011 nmol/g fresh weight, which was 13 times higher than the GABA concentration in the non-germinated brown rice at 154 nmol/g fresh weight. The concentrations of glutamic acid were significantly decreased in all of the germinated rice, regardless of the germination solution. Soluble calcium and GAD were higher in the germinated brown rice with the chitosan/glutamic acid solution when compared to the rice that was germinated in the other solutions. GAD that was partially purified from germinated brown rice was stimulated about 3.6-fold by the addition of calmodulin in the presence of calcium. These data show that the germination of brown rice in a chitosan/glutamic acid solution can significantly increase GABA synthesis activity and the concentration of GABA.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2011

In this report, we provide experimental evidence that heavy metal ions could be removed using Pachymeniopsis sp., particularly soluble arsenic in leachate from soil contaminated by arsenic. We performed pilot scale of soil washing process based on our results. The adsorption of arsenic by Pachymeniopsis sp. indicated that it could be described with the Langmuir Model and the maximum adsorption capacity increased with decreasing pH (pH 3: 102.48 mg/g, pH 5: 98.32 mg/g, pH 7: 57.70 mg/g, pH 9: 43.34 mg/g) and increasing temperature (10$^{\circ}C$ : 60.38 mg/g, 20$^{\circ}C$ : 76.39 mg/g, 30$^{\circ}C$ : 112.12 mg/g). Our results revealed that soluble arsenic in leachate was removed from 24.03 mg/L to 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.1 mg/L by Pachymeniopsis sp. for 48hours on pilot scale of soil washing process.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1987

The electrophoretic and innunological cnalyses of organic matrices in the shells of freshwater bivalves were made in order to dlucidate the biochemical characteristics and species-specific differinces of the applied shells, The water-soluble and insoluble matrices of four species of freshwater bivalves, Andodonta fukudai, Unio douglasiae, Lanceolaria and Chrbicula fluminea, were used as analytical materials, There was non-identity in immuno affinity between anti soluble matrix(anti-Sm) and anti insoluble matrix(anti-ISM)sera against the organic matrix of Andodnta fukudai. The SMs of four species (S. fukudai, U.douglasiae, L. acrorhyncha, and C. fluminea) showed the differences in the precipitate arcs at the level of family, though ISMs did mot show differences. In the electrophoretic analysis, all foru species had two SDS-electrophoretic bands of SM, of which molecular wights appeared to be lower than 55,000, shereas the native organic matrices of foru speceis had higher molecular weighrs than those from SDS-dldctrophoresis. Only calcium ion among many ions in extrapallial fluid(EPF) caused SM to change into insoluble molecules, thus the EPF pretreated with Ca++did not form the precipitate arc when did the immuno diffusion whth anti SM serum. ISM precursor may be polymerized into macromolecules like periostracin, a precusor of periostracum, judging from the similat polymerization patterns in 0.1M Tris formate buffer(pH 3); they may be made insoluble macromolecules due to their strong natrue of hydrophobicity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2020

To determine the size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIS) in roadside aerosols, sampling experiments were carried out in the urban roadside area of Jeju City on August 2018 and January 2019 by using the eight-stage cascade impactor sampler. The mass of roadside aerosols were partitioned at 57% in fine fraction, 36-37% in coarse fraction, and 6-7% in giant fraction, regardless of summer and winter. The mass concentrations of WSIS except for Na+ and SO42- in roadside aerosols were higher in winter than in summer. The size distributions of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- were characterized by bimodal types with coarse particle mode peaking around 3.3-4.7 ㎛ and 5.8-9.0 ㎛. The size distributions of NO₃^- and K⁺ shifted from a single fine mode peaking around 0.7-1.1 ㎛ in winter to bimodal and/or trimodal types with peaks around coarse mode in summer. SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺ showed a single fine mode peaking around 0.7-1.1 ㎛. The MMAD of roadside aerosols was lower than that of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl-. Based on the marine enrichment factors and the ratio values of WSIS and the corresponding value for sea water, the composition of roadside aerosols in Jeju City may be practically affected by terrestrial sources rather than marine source.