• Title/Summary/Keyword: Water-saving culture

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A Basic Study on Establishment and Operation of Agricultural Water Saving Governance (농업용수 물절약 거버넌스 구축·운영 기초연구)

  • Lee, Seul-Gi;Choi, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2021
  • Recently, natural disasters caused by climate change have become more frequent across the world. Our country is also not exceptional, and it is urgent to come up with appropriate measures in the agricultural sector as the size and intensity of drought are becoming severe. Consequently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food has continuously raised the need for efficient water management and governance to overcome the periodic drought. Thus, there is a need for water-saving education and water conservation governance for sustainable and efficient use of agricultural water. Governance is a cooperative mechanism involving various stakeholders, such as central, local, civil society, and businesses, to solve regional or social problems, with different definitions and concepts depending on the field or scope. In this study, we aim to present basis of a governance framework for direct water management participation involving the key agricultural water use stakeholders to imbibe the culture of water savings and conservation practices. Based on this, water-saving governance was established and operated in Gyeongju and Yeoju, in South Korea as a 'water conservation practice', while the water management status of local farmers, the reliability and importance of stakeholders, and the need for governance were investigated. The results indicate that the involvement of various stakeholders in the governance of water management yielded water-saving effects. This study provides the directions of making a framework for water-saving governance establishment and operation. It is expected that sustainable agricultural water use can be achieved in response to climate change if the governance builds and operates with agricultural water use stakeholders based on the continuous government supports.

Reasonable Seeding Rate for Ridge Direct Seeding on Dry Paddy of Rice as an Irrigation Water-Saving Cultural System (벼 휴립건답직파 절수재배에 알맞은 파종량)

  • Choi Weon-Young;Park Hong-Kyu;Kim Sang-Su;Shin Hyun-Tak;Choi Sun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.143-147
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to investigate suitable seeding rate under irrigation water-saving rice culture in ridge direct seeding on dry paddy during 1997~1998. Dongjinbyeo was seeded from 60 kg/ha to 120 kg/ha on silty loam condition. The number of irrigation from 3-leaf stage to complete drainage were 7.5 times and total amount of irrigation was 258.75 mm. The number of seedling stand rose with the increase of seeding rate, whereas the rate of seedling stand was decreased with the increase of it. Soil moisture tension was -2kPa at one day after stopped irrigation and lowered to -30kPa at five days after stopped irrigation. Leaf area index and shoot dry weight were increased with rising of seeding rate. Lodging index was increased with the rising of seeding rate, but lodging was not showed in field. Heading date, percent ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight had no difference with seeding rate, and number of spikelets per m$^2$ were highest at the rate of 100 kg/ha. Rice yield was increased by 9% at the seeding rate of 100 kg/ha and 4% at the rate of 80 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha compared with 60 kg/ha. Therefore, it was considered that appropriate seeding rate was 100 kg/ha under water-saving culture in ridge direct seeding on dry paddy.

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Development of Nutrient Solution Control System for Water Culture (수경재배(水耕栽培)의 양액관리(養液管理) 자동화(自動化) 시스템 개발(開發))

  • Lee, K.M.;Lee, J.S.;Sun, C.H.;Jang, I.J.;Song, J.G.;Koo, G.H.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.328-338
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    • 1990
  • The objective of this study was to develop automatic systems of nutrient solution management for optimal nutrient solution environment and labor saving in water culture which enables factory crop production. In this study, an automatic control system and its driving program are developed to prepare, supply, and recover nutrient solution and to keep the optimal solution concentration level using microcomputers. Based on this study, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The concentration measured by the system using oscillating circuit designed and built in this study, gave good agreements with the actual nutrient solution. 2. In water culture, the period of 12 hours for measuring concentration, pH, and temperature of the nutrient solution was optimum. Addition of control solution due to the decrease of the nutrient solution concentration is required in every 3 to 5 days. 3. It is estimated that the period of the whole solution change is 15 days, however, further research is needed to assure it. In addition, this period must be shortened in the future. 4. Both the hardware and software of the developed optimal nutrient solution control system in the water culture are working very well, however, it is necessary to develop a more economical one-chip micro controller to substitute for the microcomputer.

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Comparisons of Ion Balance, Fruit Yield, Water, and Fertilizer Use Efficiencies in Open and Closed Soilless Culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

  • Ko, Myat Thaint;Ahn, Tae In;Son, Jung Eek
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.423-428
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    • 2013
  • Although closed soilless culture is useful for saving water and fertilizers with minimizing environmental pollution, adequate management of nutrient solutions is still not stabilized in greenhouse cultivation. In order to investigate the problems occurred in closed soilless culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Fiesta), we compared ion balance, fruit yield, and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies in the closed system with those in the open system. The plants were grown in rockwool culture with a nutrient solution of EC $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. After 4 weeks of treatment, individual ratio of $NO{_3}^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ to total ion concentrations ($meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$) decreased from the initial value, especially the biggest decrement was observed in $K^+$, and on the other hand, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, and $Na^+$ were accumulated in the closed system. Yields after four-time harvests were 19% higher in the open system than in the closed system. Total volume of water used per unit area ($m^2$) in the open system was 20% higher, but the total water use per fruit was not significantly different between the two systems, while t total fertilizer use per fruit was 78% higher in the closed system. Amount of marketable fruits was not significantly different between the two systems. We concluded that the increase in $K^+$ supply and the replenishment of recycled nutrient solution every four weeks were required for preventing the imbalance or depletion of nutrients in the close soilless culture of paprika plants to get more balanced nutrient composition during whole cultivation period.

Effects of fended-Water Depth and Reclaimed Wastewater Irrigation on Paddy Rice Culture (담수심과 오수처리수 관개가 벼재배에 미치는 영향)

  • 윤춘경;황하선;정광욱;전지홍
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2003
  • Pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of ponded-water depth and reclaimed wastewater irrigation on paddy rice culture. For the ponded-water depth effect, three treatments of shallow, traditional, and deep water depths were applied, and each treatment was triplicated. The irrigation water for the treatment pots was an effluent from constructed wetland system for sewage treatment, while the control pot was irrigated with tap water kept traditional ponded-water depth. Irrigation water quantity varied with ponded-water depth as expected and drainage water quantity also varied similarly, which implies that shallow irrigation might save irrigation water and also reduce environmental impacts on downstream water quality. Rice growth and production were not significantly affected by ponded-water depth within the experimental condition, instead there was an indication of increased production in shallow and deep ponded-water depths compared to the traditional practice. Raising drainage outlet to the adequate height in paddy dike might be beneficial to save water resources within the paddy field. There was no adverse effect observed in reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the rice production, and mean yield was even greater than the control pots with tap water irrigation although statistically not significant. Water-saving irrigation by shallow ponded-water depth, raising the outlet height in diked rice paddy fields, minimizing forced surface drainage by well-planned irrigation, and reclaimed wastewater irrigation are suggested to save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from traditional farming practices might affect rice growth in long term, and therefore, further investigations are recommended before full scale application.

Effects of pH on the growth, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic compound removal in heterotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana applied wastewater treatment (pH와 탄소원이 Chlorella sorokiniana의 heterotrophic 배양 및 하폐수고도처리능에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jeong-Eun;Cho, Yong-Beom;Zhang, Shan;Hwang, Sun-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.703-709
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    • 2013
  • Among many microalgae cultivation types, heterotrophic culture with low cost carbon sources and energy saving culture method is crucial. A result of estimating the effects of pH on wastewater treatment using heterotrophic growing microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana shows that there was no difference in microalgae growth amount and nitrogen, phosphorus removal rate by wide range of pH(5 ~ 9). From pH 5 to 9, total nitrogen, phosphorous and glucose removal rates were 10.5 mg-N/L/d, 2 mg-P/L/d, 800 ~ 1000 mg/L respectively. This study reveals that C. sorokiniana cannot metabolite glycerol heterotrophically, however, glucose and acetate were proper carbon sources for growth and T-N, T-P and TOC removal. This research highlights the potential of heterotrophic microalgal growth with wastewater treatment plant with wide range of pH and carbon sources.

Effect of Latex Coated Urea on Growth and Yield in Rige Direct Dry Seeding for Water-saving Rice Culture (벼 휴립건답직파 절수재배시 완효성비료 효과)

  • Jae Kil Lee;Moon-Hee Lee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.221-225
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to identify the effects of slow release fertilizer (LCU) on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice as an irrigation water-saying cultural system. During 1999-2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plant height and culm length during the total growth duration were the longest and panicle umber per $m^2$ was the highest in 100% LCU application rate. Leaf area index and top dry weight were the highest in the 100% LCU application rate. They increased as more LCU was applied. Nitrogen uptake was the highest in 100% LCU application, and N use efficiency was the highest in LCU 60% + FP (fertilization at panicle formation stage) 20% application. Milled rice yield was 7% higher in 100% LCU application rate than that of conventional N application. Ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ, but panicle number per $m^2$ and grain number per m2 were the highest at 100% LCU application.

Water-Saving Culture under Ridge Direct Seeding on Dry Paddy of Rice (벼 휴입건답직파 재배에서 합리적인 절수 관개방법)

  • Choi, Weon-Young;Park, Hong-Kyu;Kim, Sang-Su;Yang, Won-Ha;Shin, Hyun-Tak;Cho, Soo-Yeon;Choi, Sun-Young
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.706-711
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    • 1997
  • Low supply of water is generally the most serious factor limiting rice production. The experiment was conducted to identify the reasonable method for minimum irrigation under ridge direct seeding on dry paddy, at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA in 1996. The results showed that the reduction ratio of irrigation water was high in order of furrow irrigation at 15-day>furrow irrigation at 10-day>flooding irrigation at 10-day>, and furrow irrigation at 5-day intervals. However, milled rice yield was high in the furrow irrigation at 5-day intervals and in flooding irrigation at 10-day intervals due to high ripened grain as compared with other treatments indicating two treatments were the most reasonable irrigation methods in terms of saving the labor cost and water supply as well as the admittable yield performance.

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