• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.609-618
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• 2009

Repeated phenol spill in the Nakdong River has been a big issue in Korea since 1991. In this study, treatment of phenol in each water treatment process and total water treatment system is evaluated. Phenol was highly volatile, easily oxidized by ozone, and readily absorbed onto GAC. When there was phenol of 0.3mg/L in water, by ozonation of 1mg/L or by GAC adsorption with EBCT of 10minutes or longer, it could be treated to lower than 0.005mg/L, the national drinking water standard of phenol. Even when a sufficient contact time(70minutes) was allowed, only 35 to 40% of phenol could be removed by powdered activated carbon(PAC). Based on the test results, it can be concluded that 1.0mg/L or less concentration of phenol can be treated at the plants adopting the combination process of ozone and GAC down to the safe level. In this study, removal characteristics for phenol were evaluated with the existing pilot plant and demo plant in different advanced water treatment processes(AWTPs). In the future, studies on changes in oxidation and adsorption characteristics caused by competitive matters such as DOC and removal characteristics by other various AWTPs including ozone/filter adsorber need to be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.39-43
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• 1990

The transport of phenol from waste water through the liquid surfactant membrane containing Aliquat 336 as a carrier was analyzed by a theoretical model. Extraction experiments was carried out to investigate the effect of process parameters, such as mixing intensity, concentration of sodium hydroxide in internal aqueous solution, and counter anions, and initial phenol concentration in waste water at $25^{\circ}C$. It was found that transport rate of phenol increased with increasing pH differents. The transport rate of phenol in waste water was influenced by counter anions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 1993

The effects of chlorine dioxide on the oxidation of phenol and disinfection were studied in the various test water conditions. With the 0.3mg/l of chlorine dioxide dose, the spiked phenol(initial concentration: 0.1mg/l) was completely oxidized within 10 minute. The removal rate of phenol was much faster in distilled water than in ground water and filtered water. The applied dose of chlorine dioxide concentrations higher than 0.2mg/l was sufficiently enough for the complete oxidation of phenol. However, with 0.1mg/l of dose, chlorine dioxide can oxidize only 20% of the spiked phenol. The reactive substances present in test water may influence the chlorine dioxide demand in water. pH effect of oxidation rate was also investigated. Increasing the pH, the removal rate of phenol was found to be increased. The disinfection test of chlorine and chlorine dioxide were conducted and compared. The lethal effect for the both disinfectants are similarly powerful. The time for 99% inactivation of E. coli was obtained within 120 sec with the 0.2mg/l of each dose.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.915-923
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• 2013

Decomposition of non-biodegradable contaminants such as phenol contained in water was investigated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor in the aqueous solutions with continuous oxygen bubbling. Effects of various parameters on the removal of phenol in aqueous solution with high-voltage streamer discharge plasma are studied. In order to choose plasma gas, gas of three types (argon, air, oxygen) were investigated. After the selection of gas, effects of 1st voltage (80 ~ 220 V), oxygen flow rate (2 ~ 7 L/min), pH (3 ~ 11), and initial phenol concentration (12.5 ~ 100.0 mg/L) on phenol degradation and change of $UV_{254}$ absorbance were investigated. Absorbance of $UV_{254}$ can be used as an indirect indicator of phenol degradation and the generation and disappearance of the non-biodegradable organic compounds. Removal of phenol and COD were found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. The removal rate constants for phenol and COD of phenol were $5.204{\times}10^{-1}min^{-1}$ and $3.26{\times}10^{-2}min^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.479-488
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• 2012

A Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is shown in the present investigation to be effective of phenol degradation in the aqueous solutions in batch reactor with continuous air bubbling. Removal of phenol and effects of various parameters on the removal efficiency in the aqueous solution with high-voltage streamer discharge plasma are studied. The effect of 1st voltage (80 ~ 220 V), air flow rate (3 ~ 7 L/min), pH (3 ~ 11), electric conductivity of solution (4.16 ${\mu}S$/cm, deionized water) ~ 16.57 mS/cm (addition of NaCl 10 g/L) and initial phenol concentration (2.5 ~ 20.0 mg/L) were investigated. The observed results showed that phenol degradation was higher in the basic solution than that of the acidic. The optimum values on the 1st voltage and air flow rate for phenol degradation were 140 V and 6 L/min, respectively. It was considered that absorbance variation of $UV_{254}$ of phenol solution can be use as an indirect indicator of change of the non-biodegradable organic compounds within the treated phenol solution. Electric conductivity was not influenced the phenol degradation. To obtain the removal efficiency of phenol and COD of phenol over 97 % (initial phenol concentration, 10.0 mg/L), 80 min and 120 min were need, respectively. Phenol and COD degradation showed a pseudo-first order kinetics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 1996

Influence factors and efficiency characteristics for treatment of wastewater containing phenol were studied with using Pseudomonas sp. B3. It took 130 hours to remove phenol, when only activated sludge of terminal disposal palnt of sewage was innoculated in batch culture, but it was required just 36 hours, when bacteria degrading phenol and activated sludge were simultaneously innoculated. If only phenol an carbon source was used, it necessary 36 hours for biodegradation of phenol, while glucose was added to medium, it took 73 hours. It was revealed as excellent effluent and SVI, when the F/M ratio, COD and phenol concentration were 53mg/l and 1.2mg/l, respectively, and optimum F/M ratio was revealed 0.31. The reactor were seriously shocked as reducing hydraulic retention time at constant phenol concentration more than increasing phenol concentration at constant hydraulic retention time, when volumetric loading rate was increased to $0.8kg\;phenol/m^3{\codt}d$ from $1.6kg\;phenol/m^3{\codt}d$. And also the effluent phenol concentration was 34mg/l after starting 12 hours of shocking and reactor was recovered as steady state after 65 hours of changing in the former test. Although the effluent phenol concentration was maximum value with 12mg/l after starting 20 hours of shocking and reactor was recovered as steady state after 54 hours of changing in the later test.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1993

This study was attempted to determine the effect of reduction of phytate and phenol compound on the functional properties of sesame protein concentrate. The concentrates were prepared by using dist-water, HCI and butanol. The content of phytate and phenol compound in defatted sesame meal were 4.55% and 3.42% respectively. Considerable amount of phytate was reduced by using HCI, and butanol was effective in removing phenol compounds, Higher bulk density and fat absorption were found in sesame protein concentrate prepared by butanol but higher water absorption was found in the concentrate prepared by dist-water. Also, emulsifying and foaming properties were improved by butanol treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.772-778
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• 1994

The pervaporation separation experiments of phenol-water mixtures were carried out by using Type 1 (PDMS : crosslinking agent= 1 : 0.25) and Type 2 (PDMS : crosslinking agent= 1 : 0.35) silicone rubber membranes at 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$. The phenol concentrations in the feed to be separated were 500 ppm to 5 wt%. Type 2 membranes were more efficient than Type 1 membranes for the separation of phenol-water mixtures. The phenol concentration of 70wt% was obtained for 5wt% of phenol concentration in the feed at $30^{\circ}C$ and 11wt% phenol concentration observed for 500ppm of phenol concentration in the feed at $30^{\circ}C$ by using Type 2 membranes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2007

Nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated using a MLE (Modified-Ludzack Ettinger) type MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor), with different phenol ($C_6H_5OH$) concentrations, in order to determine the inhibition effects of phenol on biological nutrient removal and the biodegradation of phenolic wastewater. The wastewater was prepared by mixing a solution of molasses with known amounts of phenol and nutrients. The experiments were conducted in a lab-scale MLE type MBBR, operated with four different phenol concentrations (0, 67, 100 and 168mg/L) in the synthetic feed. Throughout the experiments, the ratio of the phenolic COD concentration to the total COD was varied from 0 to 1. Throughout batch test, the SNR (Specific Nitrification Rate) and SDNR (Specific Denitrification Rate) were significantly influenced by changes of the phenol concentration. Phenol was inhibitory to the nitrification/denitrification process, and showed greater inhibition with higher initial phenol concentrations. The SNR observed with 0, 67, 100 and 168mg phenol/L were very different like 10.12, 6.95, 1.51 and $0.35mg\;NH_{3^-}N/gMLVSS$ hr, respectively. Similarly, the SDNR observed at 0, 67, 100 and 168mg phenol/L were different like 0.322, 0.143, 0.049and 0.006mgN/gMLVSS day, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of oxidation by-products for the formation of haloacetic acid (HAA) during ozonation. The phenol was used as a model precursor of HAA, and its oxidation by-products, such as hydroquinone, catechol, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid were investigated to find out how much HAA formation potential (HAAFP) they have. As the result, among the phenol and its oxidation by-products, the highest reactivity with chlorine was found from the phenol, showing the highest HAAFP. Even though the tested by-products had a lower HAAFP than phenol, it was confirmed that all of them can act as the precursor of HAA. From the ozonation of phenol-containing water, it was found that the efficiency of ozone in controlling of HAAs can be reduced due to the oxidation by-products. In addition, the ozonation of HAAFP was performed under the both pH conditions (acid and base), and the result indicates that OH radical play a important role to decrease HAAFP.