• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.498-502
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• 1991

The relationships between the textural properties of cooked rice and hot water-solubles of rice or rice flour were studied. The amounts of solubles or soluble amylose among japonica varieties were similar, but those among Tongil type varieties were different. At the same heating conditions, japonica varieties showed higher contents of solubles as well as soluble amylose than Tongil varieties. The solubles and soluble amylose from rice or rice flour showed a negative correlation with hardness but a positive correlation with adhesivess of rice cooked with optimum water.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.501-511
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• 1994

Dynamics of nutrients, non-polar, water solubles, acid solubles and acid insolubles (lignin) in decomposing litter were investigated for 2 years in the oak, Quercus acutissima, and the pitch pine, Pinus rigida, stands in the vicinity of Kongju, Chungnam Province. Nitrogen and phosphorus conetrations in decomposing litter increased with time elapsed, however, potassium decreased rapidly within three months and then remined constant with time elapsed. Calcium concentration in needle litter during experimental period was lower than that of initial concentration in needle litter during experimental period was lower than that of initial concentration, and showed no significant variation with time elapsed. Calcium concentration in oak litter during the experimental period, however, were higher than that of initial concentration. Magnesium concentration in oak litter decreased repidly during six months, and then remaines constant thereafter. Annual amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium which returned to soil via litter decomposition in the oak and the pitch pine stands was $3.3g/m^2$ and $0.9g/m^2$ for N, $0.03g/m^2$ and $0.01g/m^2$ for P, $1.3g/m^2$ and $0.7g/m^2$ for K, $0.7g/m^2$ and $1.2g/m^2$ for Ca, $0.9g/m^2$ and $0.4g/m^2$ for Mg, respectively. Non-polar, and water- and acid-soluble fractions in decomposing litter decreased and lignin increased with time.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to evaluate condensed molasses solubles(CMS, a by-product from monosodium glutamate production) as a source of nitrogen for ruminant with particular reference to its effects on microbial protein synthesis. Four non-lactating dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a 4 ${\times}$ 4 Latin square with 14-day periods. The four treatments were (1) basal diet consisting of barley straw ad libitum and 3 kg/d of rolled barley, (2) basal diet plus 200 gld molasses and 300 g/d water, (3) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 100 g/d CMS and 200 g/d water, (4) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 200 g/d CMS and 100 g/d water. Ruminal pH remained at high levels and showed little variation during the day between treatments. The concentration of total and individual VFA in the rumen was similar between treatments. There was no difference in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen between treatments, although the intake of nitrogen in molassesl CMS mixture treatments was higher than that of control and molasses treatment. But there was a suggestion of an increased synthesis of microbial protein with the higher level of inclusion of CMS when the allantoin/creatinine ratio was used as an index of microbial protein production(P <0.10).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 1997

This work was designed to determine the effect of steaming-Pretreatment on Physicochemical and functional properties of roasted Polygonatum odoratum roots. Steaming treatments led to some reduction in the contents of water solubles, such as total solid, reducing sugar and free-amino nitrogen of the unroasted samples. Moreover, roasting processing caused decrease in reducing sugar and free-amino acid, with increase in total soluble solid and browning color of the samples, which showed the dependence of steaming treatment as well as roasting temperature. Electron-donating ability and nitrite-scavenging ratio of the samples were also highly developed along with roasting processing at 17$0^{\circ}C$ within 35min. Considering the physicochemical and some functional parameters of water extracts of roasted samples, roasting at above 14$0^{\circ}C$ for over 55min or at 17$0^{\circ}C$ for around 35min was recommendable for the higher quality of Polygonatum odoritum tea, which conditions were similarly adapted for both steamed and unsteamed samples.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Korean ginseng extracts and their fractions on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevsiae and Saccharomyces uvamm, their glucose consumption and alcohol production. The growth of both yeasts were stimulated by ginseng extracts and their water soluble fractions, but were supressed by ether extracts and an n-butanol extracts. Their growth were enhanced considerably by low molecular weight fractions (< 1,000) in water solubles. Similar results were also obtained with glucose consumption by yeasts. Substances increasing the growth and glucose consumption by yeasts proved to be a low molecular weight fractions (<1,000) in water solubles not saponins. The production of n-propyl alcohol by yeast was enhanced by adding ginseng extracts into the media, but that of ism-butyl alcohol was suppressed at same condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Near InfraRed Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a quick and accurate analytical method to measure multiple components in tobacco manufacturing process. This study was carried out to develop calibration equation of near infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of the amount of chemical components and hot water solubles(HWS) of reconstituted tobacco leaf. Calibration samples of reconstituted tobacco leaf were collected from every lot produced during one year. The calibration equation was formulated as modified partial least square regression method (MPLS) by analyzing laboratory actual values and mathematically pre-treated spectra. The accuracy of the acquired equation was confirmed with the standard error of prediction(SEP) of chemical components in reconstituted tobacco leaf samples, indicated as coefficient of determination($R^2$) and prediction error of sample unacquainted, followed by the verification of model equation of laboratory actual values and these predicted results. As a result of monitoring, the standard error of prediction(SEP) were 0.25 % for total sugar, 0.03 % for nicotine, 0.03 % for chlorine, 0.16 % for nitrate, and 0.38 % for hot water solubles. The coefficient of determination($R^2$) were 0.98 for total sugar, 0.97 for nicotine, 0.96 for chlorine, 0.98 for nitrate and 0.92 for hot water solubles. Therefore, the NIRS calibration equation can be applicable and reliable for determination of chemical components of reconstituted tobacco leaf, and NIRS analytical method could be used as a rapid and accurate quality control method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.343-345
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• 2002

The study was investigated hot-water soluble on waxy black and waxy rice flours according to gelatinization temperatures and heating time. The hot-water soluble contents of both samples were increased during heating time at $90^{\circ}C$. The waxy black and waxy rice flours solutions according to gelatinization temperatures ($80^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C,\;95^{\circ}C\;and\;98^{\circ}C$) were heated for 10, 20 and 30 min. Determination of elution patterns of rice flours was used by Sepharose CL-2B column. As a result, the elution patterns were eluted the most in void volume ($V_0$) and the elution patterns of the hot-water solubles were increased according to heating time and gelatinization temperatures.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Methods: A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results: Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60. Conclusion: Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows' diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.502-508
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• 1998

The characteristics of hydration and hot-water solublilization of milled rice during cooking were investigated using Korean rice [3 varieties of Japonica type and 3 varieties of Tongil type (Japonica-Indica breeding type)]. The water uptake rate constants of Japonica type varieties during cooking were later than those of Tongil type varieties. The contents of solubles and soluble amylose among Japonica type varieties during cooking were similar, but those among Tongil type varieties were different. At the same cooking conditions, Japonica type varieties showed higher contents and leaching rate constants of solubles as well as soluble amylose than Tongil type varieties.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 1986

An enzymatic flour milling process for barley into three major fractions (barley flour, bran-crease-germ and water solubles) was studied. Carbohydrate and protein of barley endosperm could be efficiently solubilized by the digestion process of partially pearled barley with enzymes. Bran, crease and germ were removed from hydrolyzate by filtering through 30-40mesh sieves. And then filtered product was separated into fractions by sedimentation or centrifugation. The most effective digestion of the barley was obtained by the enzyme with higher activities of glucanase and protease under such conditions as barley-water ratio, 1:1.5(W/V) and temperature at $45^{\circ}C$. Total flour yield recovered was approximately 73-76% of the barley, and the portions recovered as bran-crease-germ and water solubles were about 3.6 and 15.8%, respectively.