• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.533-536
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• 2008

Korean water quality guidelines for agricultural were derived to protect agricultural water uses according to the Canadian methodology. The adverse effect of heavy metals in agricultural water was of concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity to crop plants. The ecotoxicity data of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were collected for the crops grown in Korea, and used to estimate the species maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (SMATC), which corresponds to the water quality guideline. Values of irrigation per year and soil bulk density were revised to reflect the Korean situation. The estimated guideline values for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were 0.01, 0.5, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. These values are in agreement with the agricultural water quality guidelines of foreign countries and current Korean water quality standard for the protection of public health. Current water quality standards in agricultural uses were for management of public water resource, and was not prepared to protect crop plants from contaminants. The results of this study will be a basis for the designation of Korean water quality guidelines for the protection of agricultural water uses in the future.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.1-20
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• 1997

The present standard of drinking water quality is not reached to the guidelines of WHO and US EPA recommended. The appraisal of safety is not appropriate by the results of intermittent and limitted analysis. 45 items of drinking water quality are regulated in the Korean standard and 9 items for inspection designated by Seoul City. This report is the results of analysis of the water quality in the water stations of Seoul which are concerned with the items of Korean water quality standard and the priolity pollutnats recommended by WHO. In the results, 45 items of water quality, and the priolity pollutants were not exceeded to the standard and criteria, while DDT, heptachlor-epoxide, THMs, benzo(a)pyrene, Ba, Al, Gross beta, $^{226}$Ra, $^{90}$Sr were detected, the levels were not exceeded to the WHO guidelines. In ordes to evalute the safety of drinking water quality, besides of the existed items of standard, new hazardouse pollutants should be considered monitored continenously. For the regulation of hazardous pollutants, it may be introduced from the risk assessment. According to the relevant assessment, the acceptable risk of pollutants estimated could be applied to set the water quality standard or recommendations or quidelines as well as the number of monitoring.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

This paper presents a study of water quality model applications in environmental impact statements which were submitted during recent years in Korea. Most of the applications have reported that the development projects would have significant impacts on the water quality, especially, of streams and rivers. The water quality models, however, were hardly used as an impact prediction tool. Even in the cases where models were used, calibration and verification studies were not performed and thus the predicted results would not be reliable. These poor model applications in environmental impact assessment can be attributable to the fact that there were no available model application guidelines as well as no requirements by the review agency. In addition, the expected waste loads were improperly estimated in most cases, especially in non-point sources, and the predicted parameters were not good enough to understand water quality problems expected from the proposed plans. The effects of mitigation measures were not analyzed in most cases. Again, these can be attributed to no formal guidelines available for impact predictions until now. A brief guideline is described in this paper, including model selection, calibration and verification, impact prediction, and analysis of effects of mitigation measures. The results of this study indicate that the model application should be required to overcome the current improper predictions of environmental impacts and the guidelines should be developed in detail and provided.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop nursing practice guidelines for water treatment system used in hemodialysis and to evaluate the guidelines by applying them in practice. Method: The first draft for the guidelines was developed based on advice and recommendations obtained from procedure review of critical literature. The draft was modified through evaluation by an expert group and pilot application to practice. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using the AGREE instrument (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Results: For the pilot test using the draft guidelines, 144 samples were collected from the water treatment system and hemodialysis machines. Results showed no bacteria. Endotoxin tests and chemical tests passed the criteria. After revision of the draft guidelines and additions to the draft guidelines, the final draft was confirmed. The quality of the final draft was evaluated by 4 experts using the AGREE instrument. The mean standard score was 76.9% for the 19 items. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines developed in this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for water treatment systems used in hemodialysis. In addition, the results of the research can contribute to improving care services.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2003

A water quality analysis of rainwater collected from catchment equipment(2m${\times}$1m) was conducted to determine its suitability for domestic purposes, in this study. As the results of analysis, the pH of rainwater was 6.3${\pm}$0.3, and the turbidity of rainwater was over the 5 times than drinking water guidelines. For the usage of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water, the rainwater is need to treat. The analysis value of BOD was about 3 mg/L and the values of heavy metal as the Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cr$\sub$6/$\^$+/and Cu was satisfied with drinking guidelines. Overall results of analysis support the possibility of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.663-669
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• 1999

The objective of this study are to examine the feasbility of reuse treated sewage effluent ofr agricultural water, and to obtain basic data for estabilishment of rational agricultural water quality standard. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage as a supplemental irrigation water could be feasible and practical alternative for ultimate sewage disposal which often causes water quality problem to the receiving water body. For full scale applicatiion, further study is recommended on the secific guidelines of major water quality components and publc health.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2019

The Doam lake watershed was designated as a non-point pollution management area in 2007 to improve water quality based on watershed management implementation. There have been studies of non-point source reduction with respect to the watershed management impacting the pollutant transport of the reservoir. However, a little attention has been focused on the impact of water quality improvement by the management of the dam operation or the guidelines on the dam operation. In this study, the impact of in-lake management practices combined with watershed management is analyzed, and the appropriate guidelines on the operation of the dam are suggested. The integrated modeling system by coupling with the watershed model (HSPF) and reservoir water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) was applied for analyzing the impact of water quality management practices. A scenario implemented with sedimentation basin and suspended matter barrier showed decrease in SS concentration up to 4.6%. The SS concentration increased in the scenarios adjusting withdrawal location from EL.673 m to the upper direction(EL.683 m and EL.688 m). The water quality was comparably high when the scenario implemented all in-lake practices with water intake at EL.673 m. However, there was improvement in water quality when the height of the water intake was moved to EL.688 m during the summer by preventing sediments inflow after the rainfall. Therefore, to manage water quality of the Doam lake, it is essential to control the water quality by modulating the height of water intake through consistent turbidity monitoring during rainfall.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.106-125
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• 1995

Recently, in accordance with elevation of life style and economics, the public demand became increasingly concerned about drinking water quality. Without an adequate supply of safe water, healthy and comfortable life could not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide the guidelines and the basic informations to enable supply of clean, tasty and healthy drinking water acceptable for various demands. We analyzed the quality of tap water, mineral water, purified tap water using home tap water purifier. And we researched on the sense of the public complaint over the tap water. We proposed several items relating to the comfortableness of water quality and the target value. Also we presented a case of water supply system for purity and the points at problem The items and target value are as follows 1. turbidity : not more than 1 degree 2. dry residue : $30~200{\;}mg/{\ell}$ 3. hardness : $10~100mg/{\ell}$ 4. free carbon dioxide : not more than $20mg/{\ell}$ 5. $KMnO_{4}$ consumption not more than $3mg/{\ell}$ 6. odor threshold not abnormal 7. residual chlorine : not more than $0.4mg/{\ell}$ 8. water temperature' not more than $20^{\circ}C$ 9. manganese : not more than $0.01mg/{\ell}$ 10. iron : not more than $0.02mg/{\ell}$ 11. aluminum : not more than $0.1mg/{\ell}$

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3B호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2008

우수의 생활용수로의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 가로 2 m 세로 1 m 크기의 실험장치를 이용하여 우수수질 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 우수수질의 pH는 $6.3{\pm}0.3$로 비교적 양호한 상태를 나타내었으나, 초기강우 5 mm 일 때의 탁도가 5 NTU로 음용수 기준을 훨씬 상회하는 것으로 분석되어 우수를 생활용수로 이용하기 위해서는 적절한 처리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 우수 중 중금속 성분은 음용수 기준이하로 거의 검출되지 않았다. 또한 우수수질과 강우특성과의 관계는 강우시간이 지속될수록 개선되며, 우수수질은 강우발생전의 대기상태와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2005

Maintaining a good quality of drinking water produced through appropriate water treatment processes to the tap is as important as improving water quality in a water treatment plant (WTP). The quality of most tap water, however, does not have the same quality as that of the water produced in a WTP due to the contamination in the distribution system while they are delivered through pipes and water tanks. It is very important to maintain water quality in distribution system to water suppliers for consumer's health and safety. Furthermore, it is not possible to investigate the water quality of all points in the distribution system because the system has a wide area and very complex hydraulic characteristics. One economic solution to prevent water quality in distribution system from being deteriorated is monitoring several points that might have the least water quality in the distribution system. If the quality of water of the monitoring points selected by proper ways is better than the quality index of Drinking Water Quality Guidelines suggested by Korean Ministry of Environment, all other points in the distribution system would be safe to drink.