• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1993

It is well known that we should take 2L of drinking water per day to maintain our health. The drinking water quality is becoming worse owing to sewage discharge and industrial wastewater. Surface water is polluted by various kinds of contaminants and ground water were known as clean and unpolluted water, but through recent many reports the ground waters are also contaminated by waste disposal and intrusion of organic and bacterial movement. This research was undertaken to make a water index of water contamination by referringcations cations and anions. NH$_{4}$, Fe, Mn, and Pb are chosen as cations and $NO_3$, Cl, and $SO_4$ ions are chosen as anions to make a index, and the following water index was made as the contamination index. (Fe+Mn+Pb)/0.7+$(NH_4+NO_3+Cl+SO_4)$/10.5<6.0 By using ton Chromatography the cations and anions are rapidly analyzed and plotting the analyzed data to the equation, we can easily get the degree of contaminations by avoiding analysis of over 37 water parameters in several days. Of course this index of water contamination is not perfect and detail one, but in case of emergent case or to know the overall trends of contamination, it is convenient to use this index. Among the tested 5 kinds of samples the ground water showed contamination index of 6.87. Authors used the already published healthy index and tasty index and differentiated their degrees in detail.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2022

본 연구는 고유종인 얼록동사리(Odontobutis interrupta) 의 이동 패턴과 서식지 특성을 파악하기 위해 PIT telemetry를 이용하여 금강 수계의 지류 하천인 용수천의 상류 지점(충남 공주시 반포면 공암리 공암교, St. 1)과 용수천 중류 지점 (세종특별자치시 금남면 두만리 백룡교. St. 2)에서 2021년 3월부터 10월까지 수행되었다. 어류 채집은 족대(망목: 5×5 mm)와 통발(5×5 mm)을 이용하였고, PIT tag 삽입은 현장에서 즉시 수행하였다. 총 21회 모니터링에서 70개체가 115회 감지되었으며, 분석결과 얼록 동사리의 평균 총이동거리는 36.5 (±6.6) m로 확인되었으며, 전장에 따른 얼록동사리의 이동거리는 크기가 큰 개체일수록 더 멀리 이동하는 것으로 나타났다 P≤0.05). 얼록동사리가 감지된 지점의 평균 수심은 36.2 (±1.9) cm, 평균유속은 0.03 (±0.07) m s^-1 , 평균 수변부로부터의 거리는 4.4 (±0.3) m로 나타났다. 또한, 감지된 돌 면적에 대해 방류 후 최초선택하는 돌의 면적과 이후에 선택하는 돌의 면적을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나(P>0.05) 방류 후 24시간 이전 감지를 제외한 나머지 감지에 대한 전장과 돌의 면적을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(P<0.01). 따라서, 서식지 복원을 위해서는 개체크기별 다양한 서식조건(수심, 유속, 돌 등)을 제공하여 개체별 다양한 하상 구조를 조성하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.233-234
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• 2004

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. When we establish the long term erosion control planning, we should make detail planning after considering of a certain block of watershed units. Because most of the disaster is caused by soil movement which was occurred by water contents. 2. Nowadays, the general torrent erosion control planning system in Japan focused on reducing the sediment such as by placement of erosion control facility and by restoration of afforestation, after calculation of several factors including expected amount of sediment, and the different amount of planned sediment and allowable sediment. 3. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planing was to fix the amount of soil movement by construction of permanent facilities. While, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques to a small and middle scale's soil movement which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 4. Restoration of stream-side ecology, erosion control for the conservation of ecology should be planned and conducted cautiously based on concepts of ecology conservation and development of environmentally sound techniques.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2001

The water quality in Yongil Bay is getting worse due to the sewage and the waste water from the surrounding industrial complex. The study aims to simulate the current system that is necessary to build ecosystem model for the optium water quality control and clarify the correlation of current system characteristics with water quality in Yongil Bay. To clarify the characteristics of coastal water movement system and verify the applicability of the 3-D model, the current system was simulated using 3-D model baroclinic model which considers tidal current and density effects. As the results of numerical experiments, it is proved the 3-D model is the most applicable on appearing the current system of the stratificated Yongil Bay difference of density. Form the results of simulation considered tidal current only, it can be clarified that the water body flows in the inner bay through the bottom layer and flows out the outer bay through the surface layer in Yongil Bay. And the fresh water from the Hyongsan river and the thermal discharge form POSCO have a little effect on the current system in Yongil Bay, but the diffusion of heat and salt has an important effect upon the formation of the density stratification of the water quality distribution is closely related with the current structure characteristics as well as the tidal residual current system in Yongil Bay.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-252
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• 2000

The water quality in Yeongil Bay is getting worse due to the sewage and the waste water from the surrounding industrial complex The study aims to simulate the current system that is necessary to built ecosystem model for the optium water quality control and clarify the correlation of current system characteristics with water quality in Yongil Bay. To clarify the characteristics of coastal water movement system and verify the applicability of the 3-D model, the current system was simulated using 3-D baroclinic model considered tidal current and density effects. As the results of numerical experiments, it is proved the 3-D model is the most appliable on the Yongil Bay where current flows slowly and the flow direction is varied by depths. From the results of simulation considered tidal current only, It am be clearly said the water in Yongil Bay flows in through the surface layer and flows out through the bottom layer. And the fresh water from the Hyongsan river and the heated discharge from POSCO have little effect on the current structure in Yonggil Bay, but have and important effect upon the density structure by diffusion of heat and salt. And the water quality distribution is closely related with the current structure characteristics as well as the tidal residual current system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2014

Purpose: This study attempts to find the effects of water-based exercise performed on stroke patients in their physiological cost index and static and dynamic balance. Methods: The subjects were 30 stroke patients, who were randomly divided a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group, each with 15 patients. Both exercises ware performed 3 day per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. Results: The Water-based exercise group showed a decreased physiological cost index compared to the land-based exercise group, with the physiological cost index of the water-based exercise group decreasing, while the land-based exercise group, showing a significant decrease. Water-based exercise increased static and dynamic balance capacity better than land-based group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of water-based exercise when compared to land-based exercise. Conclusion: From the result of the study, we found that water-based exercise is more effective in improving PCI and static and dynamic balance capacity. Through this study, training in water-based stroke patients could use cardiovascular endurance and buoyancy and the vortex, as an effective treatment that can enhance the growth and voluntary participation in the range of the patient's own movement the thought is, in consideration of the changes in the physiological cost index due to the difference in the ground and water, and should establish a training program that matches the purpose.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.437-448
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• 2004

수문학 교과서를 통해 널리 알려진 기존의 유역중심 DAD 분석방법은 유역면적이 작거나 호우이동이 거의 없는 경우에 매우 유용한 방법으로 계산이 비교적 간단하다. 그러나, 태풍과 같이 호우이동이 뚜렷한 경우에는 DAD 관계를 명확히 표현하기 어려우며, 특히 유역면적이 증가함에 따라 평균면적강우량의 오차도 증가하므로, 분석자의 혼란을 야기시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 유역중심 DAD 분석방법의 단점을 보완코저 호우중실 DAD 분석방법을 개발하였고, 객관적인 DAD 분석결과를 얻기 위해 이를 프로그램화하였다. 관측강우량을 이용하여 기존의 방법과 비교ㆍ검토를 수행한 결과 제안된 방법이 평균면적강우량을 보다 적절하게 표현함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여 우리나라의 전국단위 호우분석(1969년부터 1999년까지 약 130여개 호우)을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 유역중심 DAD 분석결과와 비교ㆍ검토하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.575-586
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• 1998

본연구에서는 Einstein과 Chien(1954)의 이론은 토대로 하여 하천의 모형연구에 적합한 이동상 모형이론을 수립하였다. 흐름의 상사 (${\Delta}F{\Delta}M$)와 유사이동의 상사 (${\Delta}F_s$)의 변화에 따른 총 하상변동량의 거동을 비교함으로써 적용성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 ${\Delta}F{\Delta}M$의 값 또는 ${\Delta}F_s$의 값이 작을 수록 총 사항변동량은 크게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 수립된 모형이론은 각 모형이론의 제한조건을 완화한 것으로서 실험장소 또는 모형사의 제한으로 모형이론을 이상적으로 만족시킬 수 없는 경우에 유용하게 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2015

유체이송 기술은 마이크로 유체시스템 개발에서 핵심문제로 인식되고 있다. 최근 명(2014)은 외부 동력을 사용하지 않고 액적을 이동시킬 수 있는 새로운 개념을 제안하고, 초기에 반원통형 형상을 가지는 가상의 2차원 액적에 대한 수치해석을 통해 이 개념이 성립함을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 친수성/소수성 표면위에서 초기 3차원 반구형상의 실제 물 액적이 가지는 움직임을 상용소프트웨어 Fluent의 VOF 방법을 사용하여 수치해석하였다. 해석결과는 명(2014)의 2차원 수치해석 결과와 비교하였으며, 또한 물 액적이송의 메커니즘을 시간에 따른 액적형상과 액적 내부의 운동에너지, 중력에너지, 표면자유에너지 및 압력에너지의 수치해석 결과를 통해 규명하였다.