• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.255-262
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• 2005

In summer and early autumn, eutrophication occurs occasionally in many reservoirs. Lakeside macrophyte which is one of internal pollutants effects on water quality when it is submerged during water surface is rising after rainy season. This study include examination of pollutant load, species of plant, community structure and productivity of macrophyte in unit area at lakeside. The result of this research will be used as a guideline of water quality management on reservoir through assessing water quality effect of submerged plant. The areal distribution, composition of species and submerged area of macrophyte changes according to rainfall pattern every year, so it is difficult to calculate nutrient load annually from submerged macrophyte. In this study, the nutrient load from submerged macrophyte assess from Daecheong and Juam reservoir in 2001. TN and TP load of submerged macrophyte shows 0.043% and 0.069%, respectively, of annual discharge load on Daecheong watershed. At lake Juam, TN and TP shows 0.64% and 1.28% load, respectively. The reason that nutrient load of lake Juam is greater than that of lake Daecheong is that macrophyte distribution area of lake Juam is 5 times greater than that of lake Daecheong. Total nutrient load of lake Daecheong is 3 times greater than that of lake Juam.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2018

Our study aims to provide a guideline of deer-proof fence heights to prevent roadkill of water deer (Hydropotes inermis), the most frequently killed by a vehicle collision, in South Korea. With 27 water deer in deer ecology center of the National Institute of Ecology, we measured the ability of water deer to jump gradually higher fences from 0.5cm by 10cm until the deterrence rate reached 100%. Ourresultrevealed that the deterrence rate became 96.7% at the fence height of 1.5m and the rate reached 100% at the 1.8m. We believe that our result provides the fundamental information to prepare a standard of deer-proof fence height. This evidence-based standard will contribute to improving the guideline for wildlife crossing construction and management, established by Ministry of Environment Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality in Hapcheon dam via using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and applied livestock reduction scenarios. Hapcheon dam watershed input data for the HSPF model were established using the stream, land use, digital elevation map and meteorological data and others. The HSPF model was calibrated and validated using the observed water quality data from 2000 to 2016. For water quality simulation, we calculated the generated and discharge loads of the population, livestock, industry and land use following the guideline provided by the Ministry of Environment. The pollutant data were obtained from National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). The monthly discharge load were estimated by applying the delivery rate. The calibration and validation results showed that the annual mean BOD had a difference of 0.22 mg/L and an error of ±13 %, T-N had a difference of 0.66 mg/L and an error of ±16 % and T-P had a difference of 0.027 mg/L and an error of ±13 %. In order to evaluate the nonpoint pollutants management effects, we applied livestock reduction scenarios because livestock consists of the largest portion of pollutants. As a result of the 20 % of livestock reduction, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 3 %, 1 % and 3 %, respectively. When 40 % of livestock reduction was applied, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 5 %, 3 % and 4 %, respectively. Based on the results of this study, effective pollutant management methods can be applied to improve the water quality and achieve the target water quality of Hapcheon dam watershed.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2008

We established a model to calculate radioactive waste from sewage disposal tank of hospitals to optimize the number of patients receiving inpatient radioiodine therapy within the safety guideline in our country. According to this model and calculation of radioactivity concentration using the number of patients per week, the treatment dose of radioiodine, the capacity and the number of sewage tanks and the daily amount of water waste per patient, estimated concentration of radioactivity in sewage waste upon disposal from disposal tanks after longterm retention were within the safety guideline (30 Bq/L) in all the hospitals examined. In addition to the fact that we could increase the number of patients in two thirds of hospitals, we found that the daily amount of waste water was the most important variable to allow the increase of the number of patients within the safety margin of disposed radioactivity. We propose that saving the water amount be led to increase the number of patients and they allow two patients in an already furnished hospital inpatient room to meet the increasing need of inpatient radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Passive treatment systems are commonly used for remediation of mine drainage waters because they do not require continuous chemical inputs and operation. In this study, the selection and design criteria for such systems were evaluated, particularly the two most commonly used ones, i.e., permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) and vertical flow biological reactors (VFBRs). PRBs and VFBRs are operated on the same principles in terms of biochemical reaction mechanisms, whereas differences relate to configuration, engineering, and water management. In this study, each of these systems were described with respect to key design variables, such as metal removal mechanisms and removal rates, effectiveness and longevity, general design and construction, flow capacity, and cost. The information provided from this study could be used as a design guideline when a passive treatment option is considered for potential remediation of a mine site.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.432-438
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• 2010

LIDMOD2 was developed for evaluation of low impact development (LID) and best management practice (BMP) by modification of Site Evaluation Tool (SET). The modification includes employment of SCS-CN method for annual runoff simulation, unit load method for annual pollutant loads simulation, and the method proposed by Korean TMDL for calculating pollutant reduction by BMPs. The CN values were updated with regionalized parameters within Nack-Dong River basin because these are important parameters for simulating hydrology. LIDMOD2 was tested by applying to Andong Bus terminal. As a simulation results, pollutant loads and surface runoff will be significantly increased by post-development without LID compared with those from pre-development. LID technique was simulated to efficiently reduce surface runoff and pollutant load and increase infiltration. LIDMOD2 is screening level tool and easy to use because LIDMOD2 is based on spread sheet and most of parameters are regionalized. LIDMOD2 was illustrate that it could evaluate LID well by summarizing and graphing annual hydrology, annual pollutant loading, and hydrograph for event storm. The calculation methods related with pollutant loads are employed from the guideline of Korean TMDL and it can be useful tool for Korean TMDL to evaluate the effect of LID/BMP on developing area.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

As the water supply system has been installed over the country, the management of drinking water could be easier and controlled by experts. This helps to supply safe water to public. However, in rural area, small scale water treatment systems or groundwater haves been used as drinking water supplier. The drinking water including groundwater contains various contaminants. Private or small scale water treatment system can be contaminated with heavy metals such as arsenic, selenium and strontium which are usually originated from natural source. Arsenic, selenium and strontium have been determined from the goundwater, small scale water treatment system in the Kyungpook area. The results have been compared with the Korean and international standards. The results were analyzed on the geological characteristics of the area. Among the total of 1,412 samples, 76 samples showed higher concentration of arsenic than WHO guideline and the Korean drinking water standard. Total 4 samples had higher contents of selenium than WHO guideline which was $10{\mu}g/L$. In the analysis of geological characteristics, arsenic was highly released from a few area and which are in order of biotite granodiorite > biotite granite > daegu formation. Selenium has been highly released from biotite granite > black shale > diluvium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.575-578
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• 2013

Rice cultivation in the paddy field and the burning of crop residues have been identified as the important sources of methane emission in agricultural sector. This study aimed at assessment of the methane emission from croplands in the year of 2011 with the IPCC guideline methodology. Methane from rice cultivation was emitted 6,813 $CO_2$-eq Gg in 2011. According to the water management, methane emission amounts by continuously flooded and intermittently flooded were 1,499 and 5,314 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. Methane emission by crop residues burning was highest in red pepper and followed by rice straw, pulses and barely in 2011. Methane emission by field burning was very little compared with rice cultivation.

• KCID journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

For efficient water quality management of Saemangeum lake, it is very important to accurately analyze discharged load characteristics using investigated pollution sources data from Saemangeum watershed. Investigation of pollution sources was conducted from 2003 to 2007. In this study, pollution sources are largely classified into human population, livestock, industry, and land use. Discharged loads of BOD, T-N and T-P from classified pollution sources were calculated by Korea TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) technical guideline. The calculated results showed that the major sources of BOD and T-N were land use, human population, livestock, and industry in order. However, the major sources of T-P were livestock, land use, human population, and industry in order. Our results clearly show that pollution sources of the priority management for water quality enhancement in the Saemangeum lake has represented land use and livestock.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate defects in Zelkova serrata trees using an ultrasonic tomograph (PICUS) and suggest a management plan to maintain it as a natural and cultural resource. In previous study, health information of 16 protected trees were obtained by surveying the following categories; tree appearance, crown, bark, root exposure, water and nutrition, deterioration, pest, vitality, ground status, and pollutant. The average score of health was 16.5 in 16 trees, which means that general monitor is needed for management. In this study, the evaluation result of tree's inside defects using an ultrasonic tomograph showed that 43.8% of decay rate has been found in 16 trees. In fact, some trees look to be good even though they actually have a defects causing broken by natural disaster such as strong wind. Therefore, it is urgent to put some support to the trees and come up with a protective plan. The results of this study would be useful as basic data in developing a guideline for the efficient conservation and management of big and old trees.