• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 1980

Water fractions prepared from Plantaginis Semen and Plantaginis Folium exhibited both significant liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ intoxication. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside. isolated from both leaves and seeds of Plantago asiatica(Plantaginaceae) also showed potent liver protective activities against the animal model of hepatitis induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.910
• /
• pp.1292-1299
• /
• 2004

This survey was carried out on 256 smallholder farmers of the Jeonbuk Province to analyze their current behavior in pesticide usage and the use of protective clothing during spray work. The interviewees were at the age of about 50's in both males and females: they performed spray work mainly for their own farms. Many of them were not very well aware of the danger of pesticides and the adequate methods of pesticide handling. Water drinking and smoking during break time were the endangering factors of pesticide intoxication, reaching to 30-60% sprayers. Most of sprayers had experienced the exposures to pesticides during spray work and appealed some subjective clinical symptoms to the exposure, but they seldom sought medical treatments. More than 70% of respondents had not been wearing protective equipments during spray work. The results will be used as basic information in designing the improved protective clothing more acceptable by pesticide sprayers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 1994

The present stduy was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of Puffer fish skin extract (Pf) on the heptic acetaldehyde metabolism . It was obsrved that PF markedly decreased the acetaldehyde levels in blood and liver. The activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH) increased by induction of acute intoxicatiion of alcohol (5 g/kg) was further increased through pretreatment with PF for 2 weeks. When PF was given to rat fed with 25% alcohol solution instead of water for 6 weeks. the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 28% compared with sucrose-treated group. But after pretreatemnt of PF, the activity was restored to the normal level. By the treatment with disulfiram (300 mg/kg, once a day for 3days) was restored to the control after the pretreatment with PF. And also mitochondrial Ald DH activity in vitro was not changed. All these observations suggest that reduction of acetaldehyde levels are partly due to increase activity of mitochondrial Ald DH. Therefore, the recovery from intoxication of acetaldehyde may be enhanced by treatment with PF.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 2003

Chemical burns onto oral mucosa which are infrequent, may result from contact with a wide variety of chemical agents. The degree of injury depends on the chemical, its concentration, duration of contact, and the natural penetrability and resistance of the tissues involved. Chemicals do not usually "burn" in that they do not cause destruction by hyperthermic activity. Rather, they damage tissue by causing coagulation of protein by one of several processes, reduction, oxidation, desiccation, corrosion, or vesication. Paraquat(Gramoxon) is the most frequently agricultural chemicals that induce the severe toxic reactions onto the organs of human body in Korea. The toxic reaction are composed of pulmonary edema and fibrosis, formation of hyaline membrane, inflammatory reaction and bleeding tendency, owing to the cell damage by the production of superoxide radicals. The contents of essential treatment in paraquat intoxication are commonly airway and breathing maintenance, gastric lavage, much hydration and diuresis, hemoperfusion and medications for the removal of the chemicals and the prevention of various complications. The sedative oral dressings, such as, orabase ointment application, warm saline gargling, lidocaine viscous gargling and oral gargling by the mixed solutions(tetracycline, prednisolone and 10% dextrose water) are important for the improvement of chemical oral mucositis and the comfortable feeding of diet. The authors managed properly two cases of oral chemical mucositis that were occurred by the incorrect use of agricultural chemicals(paraquat) and report the cases with the review of literatures about care of the chemical intoxication and oral mucositis.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1990

Clinical signs and electric conductivity(EC) of blood were serutinzed for the detection of the cattle being afflicted with forced administration of excessive water or salt water in an abattoir. Test animais were divided into 3 groups such as 10 normal cat

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 1999

In this study, it was tested whether the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites are related with the changes of blood pressure(BP) induced by different levels of lead exposure. Adult male SD rats were exposed to lead by giving drinking water containing 50(low doses), 200 and 1,000 ppm(high doses) of lead(as lead acetate) or sodium acetate(for control groups, supplying an identical amount of acetate) for 7 or 16 weeks. The systolic BP was measured in the unanesthetized state by the tail-cuff technique. Levels of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine were measured by HPLC-ECD. Rats receiving 200 and 1,000 ppm developed an elevation of systolic BP at 3 and 7 weeks compared with week 0, but blood pressure levels at 16 weeks returned to normal. For the 50 ppm lead treated group, systolic BP increased significantly at 7 weeks and 16 weeks. The concentrations of norepinephrine and VMA in the urine of lead exposed rats changed similarly to the changes of blood pressure, but blood viscosity levels in all lead treated rats increased continuously during all lead treatment periods. This result suggests that the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine by lead intoxication may influence the changes of blood pressure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.234-237
• /
• 2002

A 77-year-old female was admitted 3 hours after intentionally ingesting 5g of aluminum ammonium sulfate ('Alum') powder dissolved in water. Gastric lavage with normal saline, activated charcoal chelation, and supportive therapies were performed. She showed a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, which rapidly progressed to multiple organ failure including ARDS. The patient subsequently progressed to a refractory shock which eventually led to death.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.49-51
• /
• 1984

After pretreatment with ginseng followed by induction of acute intoxication of alcohol, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(Ald DH) increased respectively compared to the groups treated with alcohol alone. In case that ginseng was given to rats fed with 5% alcohol instead of water for 60 days, the activities of ADH and MEOS increased compared to the groups treated. On the contrary, the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to an extent of about 35% in chronic alcoholism, but after pretreatment of ginseng the activity was restored to the control level. On the other hand, the catalase activity was not significantly affected by either treatment. Ginseng butanol fraction significantly increased the serum isocitrate dehydrogenase activity which is inhibited by alcohol-treated in rat. Alcohol-induced lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased to control level in liver by ginseng treatment. And the serum level of lactic acid also decreased by ginseng treatment in alcohol-intoxicated rat. Ginseng butanol fraction markedly decreased the xanthine oxidase activity in the ethanol-treated rat liver. It was also observed that ginseng reduced the blood concentration of uric acid on experimentally reduced hyperuricemia by alcohol treatment. Uricase activity was not affected by either treatment. Ginseng butanol fraction decreased the hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity which was induced by alcohol-treated rat. These results suggest that the treatment with ginseng can be promoted the recovery from alcohol intoxication and some therapeutic effect on alcoholinduced metabolic disease.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1984.09a
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 1984

Preventive effect of the saponin fraction extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against ethanol intoxication of the liver has been investigated biochemically and morphologically. Previous work in this laboratory showed that the moderate amounts of ginseng sponins stimulated several enzymes including mitochondrial dehydrogenases and transaminases so far examined in vitro. It was also realized that the half life of the saponin in the liver was estimated approximately five hours and the saponin concentration in the liver was around $10^{-5}\%$ level at two hours after the saponin (1mg) administration orally. In this study, it was confirmed that ginseng saponins stimulated alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system in vivo as well as in vitro. It seemed likely that toxic aldehyde formed during ethanol oxidation in the body might be removed relatively quickly from the liver and the excess hydrogen was used for the biosynthetic work in the presence of the saponin, resulting in the liver protection from alcohol intoxication. Electron microscopic observation demonstrated that the hepatocytes of rats doses with $12\%$ ethanol instead of water for six days were found severely damaged while those of the ginseng saponin administered rats were not impaired suggesting that the sapcnin protected the liver against ethanol intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 1978

Total methanol extract of Plantago asiatica seeds showed significant hepatotonic activities against animal model of hepatitis. The methanol extract was further fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and water. Among these fractions, methanol extract and water and chloroform fractions exhibited hepatonic activities, whereas petroleum ether and n-butanol fractions appeared to give rise a rather toxicity. Measurements of serum GOT, GPT and duration of sleeping time induced by hexobarbital after $CCl_4$ intoxication indicated that water fraction showed most potent activities.