• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish literatural evidence about thermotherapy and cryotherapy for Korean medicine through literatural review. Methods : Applicable paragraphs which were related to the thermotherapy and cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian were phrased from in "Yibujicheng(醫部集成) and "Dongyibaojian(東醫寶鑑)" where were archiving of Oriental or Korean medicine literatures. Searched paragraphs were analysed for establishing historical and theoretical bases of thermotherapy and cryotherapy in Korean medicine. Results : Thermotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫熱療法) such as hot pack, warm water therapy, paraffin bath, ultrasound is originated from yu(慰) warm water(溫水) hot water(熱水). Matching indications are various pain conditions(caused by coldness(寒), hard-work(僗若), extravasated blood(瘀血), inflammatory skin disease, frostbite and several internal diseases. It also treats gynecological diseases and facial palsy. Diathermic therapy on acupuncture points(穴位照射溫熱療法) such as infra-red, microwave, shortwave is originated from huolu(火爐), wenlu(溫爐), xianglu(香爐), lamp light(燈火). Its objective is to improve the effects of herb medicine by aiding sweating or to treat the residual symptoms of fever disease or to care skin disease and pain from bone fracture, contusion. Cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫寒冷療法) such as ice pack, ice spray, iced whirpool, cool water bath is originated from lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), lengshiyu(冷石熨). Matching indications are contusions, animal bite injury, corn(肉刺) and (淋病), eye disease, nasal bleeding, hemorrhoid, inflammatory skin disease and chicken pox. Conclusions : Thermotherapy and cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫冷療法) are the treatments which were used in Korean medicine from the ancient Korean medicine. As scientific equipments were originated from yu(慰), huolu(火爐), wenlu(溫爐), xianglu(香爐), lamp light(燈火). lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), lengshiyu(冷石熨). It can be said that these are elements of Korean medicine. More rigorous studies are needed to establish clinical evidence about not only thermotherapy and cryotherapy but also the other physiotherapy of Korean medicine.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.165-187
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 수계기금의 환경기초시설 운영비 지원이 지방자치단체의 하수도요금 현실화를 억제하여 수질개선에 역행하는 부작용이 있는지 여부를 분석하는 연구이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2009~12년 기초지방자치단체의 하수도요금 및 수계기금 지원금 간의 관계를 2단계 최소자승법(Two-Stage Least Squares)을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 수계기금의 환경기초시설 설치 및 운영비용 지원이 하수도요금 현실화를 억제하는 역(逆)인센티브 효과가 있는지 점검하였다. 연구 결과 수계기금 지원금이 하수도요금 현실화 노력에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 그러나 이 효과는 통계적인 유의성이 모형에 따라 민감하게 변화하였으며, 전반적으로 그 값이 크지 않아 수계기금의 환경기초시설 설치 운영비 지원이 하수도요금 현실화율에 미치는 영향은 미미하였음을 확인하였다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to analyze the disparities of basic living infrastructure between Guns(rural counties), and between Eups/Myuns(rural districts) in Jeollanam-do province. For the purpose of this study, dimensions of regional disparity in basic living structure were measured by 3 components ; road, public water service and sewage disposal. By utilizing the published statistics, this study has examined 8 Guns(counties) containing Eup and Myon in Jeollanam-do province which can represent 4 different rural areal types, respectively, i,e. mountainous, semi-mountainous, flat and seashore areas. The data acquisition time of this study is fixed on end of 2009 year in order for possible collections of the most recent published statistics. It presents evidence on the magnitude and evolution of discussion of regional disparities between Guns(counties), and between Eup & Myon, and between Myons in Jeollanam-do province even though infrastructure provision level of Jeollanam-do rural areas are much more improved than the past. Concludingly, the existing disparities in this area is meaningful and so, it should be seriously reconsidered when deciding local government's budget allocation priority.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2013

Near InfraRed Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a quick and accurate analytical method to measure multiple components in tobacco manufacturing process. This study was carried out to develop calibration equation of near infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of the amount of chemical components and hot water solubles(HWS) of reconstituted tobacco leaf. Calibration samples of reconstituted tobacco leaf were collected from every lot produced during one year. The calibration equation was formulated as modified partial least square regression method (MPLS) by analyzing laboratory actual values and mathematically pre-treated spectra. The accuracy of the acquired equation was confirmed with the standard error of prediction(SEP) of chemical components in reconstituted tobacco leaf samples, indicated as coefficient of determination($R^2$) and prediction error of sample unacquainted, followed by the verification of model equation of laboratory actual values and these predicted results. As a result of monitoring, the standard error of prediction(SEP) were 0.25 % for total sugar, 0.03 % for nicotine, 0.03 % for chlorine, 0.16 % for nitrate, and 0.38 % for hot water solubles. The coefficient of determination($R^2$) were 0.98 for total sugar, 0.97 for nicotine, 0.96 for chlorine, 0.98 for nitrate and 0.92 for hot water solubles. Therefore, the NIRS calibration equation can be applicable and reliable for determination of chemical components of reconstituted tobacco leaf, and NIRS analytical method could be used as a rapid and accurate quality control method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2011

The U metal chips generated in developing nuclear fuel and a gamma radioisotope shield have been stored under immersion of water in KAERI. When the water of the storing vessels vaporizes or drains due to unexpected leaking, the U metal chips are able to open to air. A new oxidation treatment process was raised for a long time safe storage with concepts of drying under vacuum, evaporating the containing water and organic material with elevating temperature, and oxidizing the uranium metal chips at an appropriate high temperature under conditions of controlling the feeding rate of oxygen gas. In order to optimize the oxidation process the uranium metal chips were completely dried at higher temperature than $300^{\circ}C$ and tested for oxidation at various temperatures, which are $300^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, and $500^{\circ}C$. When the oxidation temperature was $400^{\circ}C$, the oxidized sample for 7 hours showed a temperature rise of $60^{\circ}C$ in the self-ignition test. But the oxidized sample for 14 hours revealed a slight temperature rise of $7^{\circ}C$ representing a stable behavior in the self-ignition test. When the temperature was $500^{\circ}C$, the shorter oxidation for 7 hours appeared to be enough because the self-ignition test represented no temperature rise. By using several chemical analyses such as carbon content determination, X-ray deflection (XRD), Infrared spectra (IR) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) on the oxidation treated samples, the results of self-ignition test of new oxidation treatment process for U metal chip were interpreted and supported.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2021

In this study, the characteristics of tree growth and soil environment were analyzed at 5 sites that had been planted on the back slope of dam for more than 15 years in Korea. First, as a result of investigating the growth of 15 trees planted on the back slope of the dam, the average height was 10.6m, diameter at roots was 27.3cm, and DBH was 22.9cm, showing good growth status of most of the trees. In particular, the growth levels of pine, hackberry, and oak were similar or better than those of general forests and artificial ground. As a result of excavating and investigating the roots of trees, horizontal roots grew well in the left and right directions of the back slope of the dam, and the growth of vertical roots was insufficient. Currently, the roots of trees do not directly affect dam safety, but they may continue to grow in the long term and interfere with dam management. Second, the physicochemical characteristics of the soil on the back slope of dam were generally above the intermediate level in terms of landscape design standards, and were similar to those of the domestic forest soil. Therefore, although it was judged to be suitable for plant growth, isolation of the site, soil acidification, and nutrient imbalance may affect tree growth and forest health in the long term. Through this study, it was possible to confirm the potential and applicability of planting area on the back slope of dam as an ecological base. Continuous monitoring is required for safety management and ecological value of dams in the future, and through this, it will be possible to secure the feasibility of planting trees on the slopes of new or existing dams and improving management.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2022

The direct shear test is commonly used to evaluate the shear behavior of frozen soil-structure interfaces under normal stress. However, failure criteria, such as the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, are needed to obtain the unconfined shear strength. Hence, the punch shear test, which is usually used to estimate the shear strength of rocks without confinement, was examined in this study to directly determine the adfreezing strength. It is measured as the shear strength of the frozen soil-structure interface under unconfined conditions. Different soils of silica sand, field sand, and field clay were prepared inside the steel and concrete ring structures. Soil and ring structures were frozen at the target temperature for more than 24 h. A punch shear test was then conducted. The test results show that the adfreezing strength increased with a decrease in the target temperature and increase in the initial water content, owing to the increase in ice content. The adfreezing strength of field clay was the smallest when compared with the other soil specimens because of the large amount of unfrozen water content. The field sand with the larger normalized roughness showed greater adfreezing strength than the silica sand with a lower normalized roughness. From the experiment and analysis, the applicability of the punch shear test was examined to measure the adfreezing strength of the frozen soil-structure interface. To find a proper sample dimension, supplementary experiments or numerical analysis will be needed in further research.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.1189-1197
• /
• 2024

Due to the rapid development of the industry, the use of iron is increasing rapidly in various industrial fields. Among these iron use areas, problems caused by corrosion of iron are seriously occurring in water-related industries. In particular, as the importance of environmental management has emerged, the water industry market desperately needs to replace aging water infra structure due to corrosion. In order to overcome this problem, research on a method capable of corrosion prevention system is being actively conducted. As the method for corrosion prevention system has various voltages and currents applied depending on the surrounding environment, the demand for an appropriate voltage regulator is increasing rapidly. In particular, as the IOT industry develops, the capacity of corrosion prevention system is increasing by expanding the area in which the method machine operates. Therefore, rectifiers for preventing corrosion are being changed from conventional flyback systems suitable for small capacities to inverter-type rectifiers suitable for large capacities. The inverter-type rectifier has various problems by reducing it to the initial rush current when starting. Therefore, this paper proposes a new starting method that can reduce initial inrush current in inverter-type rectifiers. T he proposed method can secure DC phase voltage for stable operation of the inverter by implementing discontinuous boosting operation using the switch of the inverter. In addition, the excellence of the proposed method was verified through simulations and experiments.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 2021

인공습지는 농업용 저수지의 수질개선을 위하여 많은 곳에 적용되고 있다. 인공습지는 수심분포, 유입량 및 유출량, 물흐름 분포, 체류시간, 수질 처리효율, 종횡비, 개방수역/폐쇄수역 구성비 등이 중요한 설계인자이다. 특히, 인공습지 높은 효율 증대를 위해서는 취입보 형식, 유입보, 인입수로 길이, 셀(Cell) 형태, 셀 연결 형태 등의 설계는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 농업용 저수지에 조성되어 운영중인 23개 인공습지의 현장조사를 통하여 설계시 고려하여야 할 인자 및 효율적 운영방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 인공습지 중에서 비정상적 운영이 나타나는 습지는 수위센서 미작동, 취입보 내부의 유사퇴적 및 기계식 수문틀의 협잡물 문제가 중요한 원인으로 나타났다. 또한, 인입수로의 길이가 길어질수록 취입보 하류부와 상류부의 생태적 단절구간이 늘어나는 것도 문제점으로 분석되었다. 습지 대부분은 2~5개의 셀로 조성되었으며 셀의 크기가 지나치게 클 경우 수리학적 효율이 떨어지고 관리가 어려운 것으로 평가되었다. 작은 규모의 습지에 많은 셀이 존재하는 경우 큰 수두손실로 인하여 적절한 유수흐름이 나타나지 않는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
• /
• pp.538-543
• /
• 2008

Urban development and industrialization cause many problems on urban environment such as climate changes, natural disasters and a decreasing number of species. Problems on urban environment are the main factor of that lower the quality of life and obstruct continual development. As a result, eco space becomes the important part of a urban planning. This research, building plan U-Eco city which is establishing with the clean environment and high technology for solve the development thoughtless for the city environment problem and ecological problem. We suggest U-Eco space system which accreted with Ubiquitous technology to three physical divisions, which are lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and aerosphere (air), that interact with the whole biosphere by forming the system. It has composed with U-Green belt that corresponds to lithosphere, U-Blue belt that is applicable to hydrosphere, and U-White belt that comes under aerosphere.