• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 1998

Under high temperature and high pressure, cyanogen disinter gration distruction mechanism brought followings results through continuous plug flow reactor system. 1. The temperature was a important reacting factor in cyanogen disintegration. Over $612.8^{\cird}K$ high disintegration rate or 99.99% was shown even under $2000{\;}mg/{\ell}$ cyanogen density. 2. The conditions of cyanogen disintegration was gained through experimenting the supercrietical condition of water in basic. To gain 99.99% disintegration rate under $1000{\;}mg/{\ell}$ early cyanogen density, the pressure showed 52.8 seconds at $523^{\cird}K$ and 84.2 atm and gained $0.56{\;}mg/{\ell}$ operating density. 3. Here is the reaction velocity formula of cyanogen disintegration by hydrolysis: This formula indicates the high possibility of cyanogen disintegration within a short time. And it also implys the potential possibility on treating NBDICOD and the technology in developing the environment cleaning progress as small size automatic controlling equipment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2009

Design is an act based on multidisciplinary information. The involvement of various stakeholders makes it difficult to process, plan, and integrate. Iteration is frequent in most of the engineering design and development projects including construction. Design iterations cause rework, and extra efforts are required to get the optimal sequence and to manage the projects. The simple project management techniques are insufficient to fulfill the requirements of integrated design. This paper entails two things: design structure matrix and design parameters' information based model. The emphasis has been given to optimal sequence and crucial iteration using design structure matrix analysis technique. The design projects have been studied using survey data from industry. The optimal sequence and crucial iterations results have been utilized for proposed model. Model integrates two things: information about produced- required key design parameters and information of design changes during the design process. It will help to get familiar with Design management in order to fulfill contemporary needs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 1990

This students ideas in science are diverse and unique It is realized that children's preconceptions and misconceptions established before lessoning hgve a crucial in fluence on the following education. so it is meaningful to analyse the children's concept of temperature for the better teaching strategy in this study. This survey of the Elementary school children's concept is designed for the subtopics of temperature as the relation between heat and temperature, He relation between volume(size) and temperature, the temperature of change of state on water, the temperature of substances in the condition of thermal equilibrium. Using Clinical method, this research was executed to 306 children at elementary school. The network method or the analyse of questionnaires were used to analyse the children's response. Findings of this survey are as follow. Students are already familiar with such concept as this increase of temperature by geating, but they think every substance is not the case. Many students appears to believe that the temperature of an object(substance) is related to its size(vloume) Qualitative tasks are difficult than qualitative ones. This trend appear highly in the low grade students. Don't know the temperature of change of state on water and it's stability They think that the temperature is determined by the heating time(period) and the temperature of heating source. Students think, in general that temperature of substance in the condition of thermal equilibrium is different.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1996

Recently, High-Workable Concrete has been developed and began to be used to a great extent in foreign countries, but it is not familiar with and fully Introduced in Korea yet. Therefore the aim of this paper is to suggest a reference data. for the development of High-Workable Concrete according to the comparative analysis which were done on the effects of mix proportion(water-binder ratio, sand-aggregate ratio, unit water, a kind of superplasticizer) on the flowing characteristics. And also this paper aims to examine the compactability and segregation resistance of High-Workable Concrete in a mock-up test and in a field test. From the result, we concluded that it is possible to produce and to use the High-Workable Concrete at the construction site.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.337-345
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• 2007

Nowadays, it is convenient to use 3D modeling tools for general planning before construction. Normally, a 3D model is built with 3D CAD such as 3D Studio Max, Maya, etc. or simply with AutoCAD. All these software packages are effective in building 3D models but difficult to use, because many provided functions and tools require prior knowledge to build both 2D and 3D designs. Moreover, the traditional method of building 3D models is most time-consuming as experienced operators and manual input are required. Therefore, how to minimize the building time of 3D models and provide easy-to-use functions for users who are not familiar with 3D modeling becomes important. In this paper, the VisualLISP programming language is used to create a convenient tool for efficient generation of 3D components for the AutoCAD environment. This tool will be demonstrated with the generation of a 3D sluice, an artificial passage for water fitted with a valve or gate to stop or regulate water flow. With the tool, users only need to enter the parameters of a sluice in the edit box and the 3D model will be automatically generated in a few seconds. By changing parameters in the edit box and pressing the "OK" button, a new 3D sluice model will be generated in a short while.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

This research is intended to integrate long-term operation rules and real time operation policy for conservation & flood control in a reservoir. The familiar Yield model has been modified and used to provide long-term rule curves. The model employs linear programming technique under given physical conditions, i.e., total capacity, dead storage, spillways, outlet capacity and their respective elevations to find required and desired minimum storage fur different demands. To investigate the system behavior resulting from the above-mentioned operating policy, i.e., the rule curves, the simulation model was used. Results of the simulation model show that the results of the optimization model are indeed valid. After confirmation of the above mentioned rule curves by the simulation models, gate operation procedure was merged with the long term operation rules to determine the optimum reservoir operating policy. In the gate operation procedure, operating policy in downstream flood plain, i.e., determination of damaging and non-damaging discharges in flood plain, peak floods, which could be routed by reservoir, are determined. Also outflow hydrograph and variations of water surface levels for two known hydrographs are determined. To examine efficiency of the above-mentioned models and their ability in determining the optimum operation policy, Esteghlal reservoir in Iran was analyzed as a case study. A numerical model fur the solution of two-dimensional dam break problems using fractional step method is developed on unstructured grid. The model is based on second-order Weighted Averaged Flux(WAF) scheme with HLLC approximate Riemann solver. To control the nonphysical oscillations associated with second-order accuracy, TVD scheme with SUPERBEE limiter is used. The developed model is verified by comparing the computational solutions with analytic solutions in idealized test cases. Very good agreements have been achieved in the verifications.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate i) the current state of washing knowledge and washing habits ii) the effect of washing behaviors on washing satisfaction. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to married women in their 30's or 40's. A total of 210 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and ANOVA with PASW18.0. The results are as follows. First, the ways in which women do the laundry was analyzed. Married women in their 30s and 40s usually do the laundry at home and are familiar with washing symbols and do not rely on common sense. Most of them like to rely on the washing machine guidelines for detergent concentration and use the right amount for environmental protection. They also adjust the washing machine setting effectively considering laundry time, water temperature and care label. Second, the groups divided by demographic variables showed meaningful results about washing knowledge. Particularly, there is no significant difference on washing knowledge between housewives and career women. Third, the groups divided by the levels of washing habits showed suggestive results about washing satisfaction. The groups who have correct washing habits generally a indicated high degree of washing satisfaction. Finally, marketing implications for the businesses of laundry, laundromat and the manufacturers of washing machine are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.11-14
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• 1998

1. Introduction : Research progresses in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering have been made during the last decades with important contributions to the industrial development and to the quality of our life. An interesting case is related to the membrane science and technology continuous impact to innovative processes and products, particularly appropriate for a sustainable industrial growth. Membrane operations have been familiar for many years to biologists and chemists working in their laboratorier or studying biological phenomena. Only recently engineers started to operate in' this area. The preparation of asymmetric CA membranes at University of California, Los Angeles in the early 60s is generally recognized as a crucial moment for membranology (1). Loeb and Sourirajan with their discovery of how to increase significantly the permeability of polymeric membranes without significant changes in their selectivity, made realistic the possibility of their use in large scale operations for desalting brackish and sea water by reverse osmosis and for various other molecular separations in different industrial areas. Reverse osmosis is today a well recognized basic unit operations, togheter with ultrafiltration, crossflow microfiltration,. nanofiltration, all pressure driven membrane processes. Already in 1992 more than 4 milIions m$^3$/day were the total capacity of RO desalination plants and in 1995 more than 180.000 m$^2$ of ultrafiltration membranes were installed for the treatment of wheys and milk (2) (3).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been played a critical role in damage of DNA. Recently, many effort is focusing to develop the natural antioxidants for controlling ROS. Zelkova serrata, Ulmaceae, is close as plants which are planted in front of Korea villages. Although Zelkova serrata is familiar with Koreans, those of antioxidant activities and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage haven't studied. We demonstrated antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on oxidative DNA damage of Leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions (EA) and hot water extracts (HW). Between the extracts, EA showed higher activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating and reducing power than HW. Also, those of total phenolic content are 56.63 and 51.61 mg/g respectively. In addition, ${\phi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay for inhibitory effect by oxidative DNA damage was both EA and HW has significant protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. The results suggested that leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions and hot water extracts have surpassing potential as natural resources with antioxidant and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.288-299
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• 2010

Recently, scientific literacy means not only the acquisition of scientific knowledge but also the linguistic ability to participate in a scientific discourse community. Keeping this in mind, this study investigated middle school students' writings about phase transitions of water in air. Sixty seven students at 9th grade (age 15) students participated in this study and wrote two individual short texts. The result of text analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) students had problems with familiar scientific terms such as 'water vapor' and 'steam' as well as unfamiliar ones like 'dew point'. (2) Students described right semantic relations and at the same time wrong ones more in the idea formed from everyday experience than those from school instruction. (3) While students showed action and process centered writing in text about everyday phenomenon, they showed more preference for technical words and nouns in text about school science. This study suggest that students could develop linguistic ability of science from both spontaneous process based on experience and formal and theoretical learning; the former in forming various semantic relations, the latter in technical and abstract aspect of scientific writing.