• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.330-330
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• 2016

The quantification of dry season evaporation in regions, where the magnitude of dry season flows is key to the regional water supply, is essential for good water management. Also, tree transpiration has a significant role in the water balance of a catchment whenever it is tree populated, especially in water limited environments. Such is the case in the Middle Mountains of Nepal where dry season flows play a significant role in downstream water provisioning and their proper functioning is key to the welfare of millions of people. This research seeks to study the transpiration of a pine forest stand in the Jikhu Khola Watershed in the Middle Mountains of Nepal. To the author's knowledge, no single study has been made so far to estimate the dry season evaporation from the planted forest stand in the Middle Mountains of Nepal. The study was carried out in planted pine forest embedded within the Jikhu Khola Catchment. Field campaigns of sap flow measurements were carried out from September, 2010 to February, 2011 in the selected plot of 15*15m dimension, to characterize dry season evaporation. This was done by measuring sap fluxes and sapwood areas over the six trees of different Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) classes. The sap flux was assessed using Granier's thermal dissipation probe (TDP) technique while sapwood area was determined using several incremental core(s) taken with a Pressler borer and immediately dyeing with methyl orange for estimating the actual depth of sapwood area. Transpiration of the plot was estimated by considering the contribution of each tree class. For this purpose, sap flux density, sapwood area and the proportion of total canopy area were determined for each tree class of the selected plot. From these data, hourly and diurnal transpiration rates for the plot were calculated for experimental period. Finally, Cienciala model was parameterized using the data recorded by the ADAS and other terrain data collected in the field. The calibrated model allowed the extrapolation of Sap flux density (v) over a six month period, from September 2010 to February 2011. The model given sap flux density was validated with the measured sap flux density from Grainier method.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2015

This study aims to experimentally investigate the evaporation characteristics of nanofluid droplet on heated surface at boiling temperature of DI-water. In particular, textured surface was used to examine the effect of wettability on evaporation. At the initial stage of evaporation process, dynamic contact angle (DCA) of nanofluid droplet with 0.01 vol.% concentration on textured surface rapidly increased over its equilibrium contact angle by generated large bubble inside the droplet due to lower wettability. However, contact angle of nanofluid droplet with higher concentration on textured surface decreased with surface tension. In addition, total evaporation time of droplet on textured surface was considerably delayed due to reduction of contact area between droplet and solid surface. Thus, evaporation characteristics were highly affected by the nanofluid concentration and surface wettability.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.217-222
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• 2000

An understanding of the behaviour of soft clay soils is important in a large number of civil engineering applications, including dredging operations, land reclamation and slurry management such as disposal and storage. Although the details of the behaviour depend on parameters such as the soil mineralogy, the pore water chemistry, the organic content and the microbiology, there are general features that are typical in many cases. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some of evaporation and desiccation observed in laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Desiccation of dredged material is basically removal of water by evaporation which is controlled by weather and material type, etc. This study shows that (1) solar radiation, (2) wind velocity, (3) material depth, (4) trench depth are important factors in desiccation of dredged ultra soft clay.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1596-1599
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• 2010

Group method of data handling neural networks model (GMDH-NNM) is used to estimate daily pan evaporation (PE) using limited climatic variables such as max temperature ($T_{max}$), min temperature ($T_{min}$), mean wind speed ($W_{mean}$), mean relative humidity ($RH_{mean}$) and sunshine duration (SD). And, for the performances of GMDH-NNM, it is composed of training and test performances, respectively. The training and test performances are carried out using daily time series data, respectively. From this research, we evaluate the impact of GMDH-NNM for the modeling of the nonlinear time series data. We should, thus, construct the credible data of the daily PE data using GMDH-NNM, and can suggest the methodology for the irrigation and drainage networks system. Furthermore, this research represents that the strong nonlinear relationship such as pan evaporation modeling can be generalized using GMDH-NNM.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

Cooling towers are widely used not only for cooling products and equipment in manufacturing process but HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system. As a cooling tower is the terminal apparatus which discharges heat from industrial process, the efficiency of heat exchange in the cooling tower greatly affects to the overall performance of a thermal system. In this paper, we constituted a new water cooling system by using a Latent heat of evaporation in an enclosed tank, and this system is consisted of an enclosed vacuum tank and water driven ejector system. Several experimental cases were carried out for improvement methods of high vacuum pressure and water cooling characteristics. The ejector performance was tested in case of water temperature variations that flows into the ejector. Based on the vacuum pressure by water driven ejector, the water cooling characteristics were investigated for the vaporized air condensing effects.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

독성 성질을 가진 휘발성 염소계 탄소수소류의 휘발특성에 대하여 실험실 규모의 토양컬럼실험을 진행하였다. 실트점토성 토양과 사질성의 양질 토양 2개 컬럼으로부터 $12^{\circ}C$, $21^{\circ}C$의 각각 다른 조건으로 실험한 결과 총 10가지의 휘발성염소계 화학물질이 검출되었다. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene 그리고 chloroform은 초기 농도대비 36.7~54.6% 제거되었고 carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, dichlorobromethane 그리고 dibromochloromethane는 초기 농도대비 15.3~39.3% 제거되었으며 특히 bromoform 물질의 경우 초기 농도대비 10%이하의 가장 낮은 저감 비율이 보였다. 염소계 탄화수소류 초기 농도값, 토양 성상은 휘발량에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 그러나, 온도비교에서 $12^{\circ}C$보다 $21^{\circ}C$에서 저감비율이 더 높았다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2014

감압증발장치는 압력을 감소시켜 물의 끓는점을 낮춰주는 원리를 이용한 것으로 온도를 높이는데 필요한 에너지 소모량을 줄일 수 있는 원리로 사용되고 있다. 즉, 온도와 압력의 상관관계 원리를 이용한 것이다. 감압증발장치를 이용하여 해수의 온도별 포화증기압을 적용하여 증발량 실험을 한 결과 $80^{\circ}C$, -40 cmHg의 경우가 가장 많은 증발량을 나타내었으며, 해수의 농도에 따른 인자 실험의 결과에서는 농도가 짙을수록 증발량이 많이 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 압력에 따른 인자 실험의 결과 낮은 압력에서 증발량이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 증발량의 중요인자는 농도가 큰 부분으로 작용하였으며 다음 요인은 온도로 나타났으며 마지막 요인으로 압력을 들 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여 감압증발장치를 이용한 담수화 조건을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 1985

우리나라에서 증발량의 시간적 공간적 분포를 4대강 유역과 영동지방으로 나누어 기후자료를 이용하여 분석하고, 호수면 증발량과 증발산위량을 계산하여 다른 증발량 및 강수량과 비교함으로서 지역별 물수지요소의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 증발에 영향을 미치는 기상요소와의 관계를 분석함으로서 기후관측요소 상호간의 관계를 규명하였다. 소형증발계에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 기상요소는 일사량이며, 다음은 기온이나 풍속 및 상대습도 등은 그 월별값을 나타낼 때 거의 기여도가 없었다. 소형증발량과 대형증발량 및 호수면증발량은 서로 그 월별값의 상관이 0.90을 상회함으로 어느 한 증발량으로부터 유추할 수 있고, 년 소형증발계에 대한 대형증발량 및 호수면 증발량의 비는 각각 73% 및 55%정도이나, 산지에서는 그보다 약 10% 정도가 낮았다. 증발산위량은 작물생육기에 소형증발량의 약 80%에 달하나 년 평균치는 약 70% 정도이며, 강수량의 40∼60%에 달한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.3545-3554
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• 1974

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the evaporation rate, the plastic shrinkage and the compressive strength of concrete exposed to a rapid evaporation environment immediately after casting. Drying of concrete were conducted under a controlled chamber in which the temperature was mainfoimed at 30 ${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$, the relative humidity 22 ${\pm}$1 percent, and the wind velocity 7 ${\pm}$1 m/sec. The compressive strength of concrete was tested after 28 days of standard curing. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The evaporation rate was the highest at the very beginning, was decreased as the drying progresses, and was kept almost constant after 6 hours. 2. The shrinkage of concrete was changed in three different rates for the concrete mixture having its slump vallue between 3.0cm and 7.5cm. 3. The plastic shrinkage was ended within 5 or 6 hours after casting, regardless of the water cement ratio. 4. The shrinkage was increased within the limit of slump values between 3.0cm and 7.5cm as the water-cement ratio was increased. 5. The evaporation was kept on even after the plastic shrinkage was ended. 6. Within the limit of good workability (slump value between 4.5cm and 7.5cm), the compressive strength of concrete was increased when the shrinkage rate was slow but it was decreased when the rate was rapid 7. From the result of this study it is recommended that (1) the water-cement ratio should be less as long as the workability of concrete is allowable; (2) the evaporation should be prevented at least for 4 hours after casting concrete.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2017

증발접시 증발량의 경우 저수지 증발량을 산정하는 간접적인 방법으로 유용하게 적용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이용할 수 있는 기상자료가 제한적인 경우에 기온자료만을 이용하여 증발접시 증발량을 산정하는 식을 제안하였다. 이를 위해서 전국 12개 지역에서 관측된 증발접시 증발량과 비교를 통해 제안식을 유도하였다. 또한 전국 44개 지역에 대해서 본 연구에서 제안된 증발접시 증발량 산정식을 다른 기온자료에 기초한 식들뿐만 아니라, 여러 종류의 기상자료(기온, 풍속, 습도, 일조시간)를 필요로 하는 식들과 비교하여 적용성을 파악하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 본 연구에서 제안된 증발량 산정식들은 다른 기온자료에 기초한 식들과 비교하여 전반적으로 양호한 증발접시 증발량 산정결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 증발량 산정식의 경우 우리나라 56개 연구지역 대부분에서 전반적으로 양호한 증발접시 증발량 산정결과를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 수정 제안된 기온자료만을 이용한 증발접시 증발량 산정식들은 우리나라에서 이용할 수 있는 기상자료가 제한적인 경우에 특히 적용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 추후에는 저수지에서 관측된 기온 및 증발접시 증발량 자료를 바탕으로 저수지 증발량 산정을 위한 제안식들의 적용성 검토연구가 필요하다.