• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2009

The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae on the gastric mucosal lesions induced by alcohol in rats. Experimental groups were treated by oral infusion with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract at the dose of 0.03465 g/ml(OA-RD1 group), 0.0693 g/ml(OA-RD2 group), and 0.1386 g/ml(OA-RD3 group), while D.W group was administrated with the distilled water and control group did not pretreated. Experimental groups pretreated for 14 days, and given orally 1 ml of 75% alcohol two times(30min interval). The animals were killed 1hr 30min after alcohol treatment, and measured rats body weight, absolute stomach weight, relative stomach weight, SOD activity, glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, observed gastric mucosal lesions. The body weight was unremarkable changed. In once as dose intake group's absolute stomach weight was increased and In once as dose intake group, twice as dose intake group's relative stomach weight was increased. SOD activity, glutathione peroxidase activity in twice as dose intake group is remarkably increased. Light microscopy Observations of congestion, hemorrhage, and erosion in gastric mucosal lesions were shown severely in control group than OA-RD1, OA-RD2, OA-RD3. These results suggest that the proposed gastroprotective effect may involve activation of antioxidant effect. And Twice as dose is especially effective.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.840-844
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• 2006

For the exploration of pharmacophoric moiety of malloapelta B (1) possessing the inhibitory activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation, structural variation of ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ carbonyl motif was attempted. 1 was reduced by catalytic hydrogenation, sodium borohydride, and lithium aluminumhydride. Catalytic hydrogenation with 30 psi or 15 psi of $H_2$ gas of 1 generated 8-butyl-5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman (2) and 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-8-yl)butan-1-one (3), respectively. Reduction with sodium borohydride occurred at the double bond of ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ ketone of 1 to give 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)butan-1-one (4). Reduction of 1 with lithium aluminumhydride and then quenched with methanol and water produced unexpected products, 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)-3-methoxy-1-butene (5) and 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-butene (6). These are formed from the isomerization of initial product 9 through the continuous conjugate carbocation intermediate 11. Addition of ethylmagnesium bromide and dimethyl malonate anion to 1 gave the conjugate adducts 7 and 8. Ethylmagesium bromide and sodium borohydride reduction unusually gave the conjugate addition due to steric congestion around carbonyl group of 1. Compound 2 exhibits the reduced inhibitory activity against $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and the others do not show the activity. Therefore ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ carbonyl group of 1 should be important for its inhibitory activity.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.100-107
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• 2002

This study investigates the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant load, as executing the quantity valuation of pollutant load inflowing into Yeong-Il bay from on-land including the Hyeong-san river. Annual total pollutant generating rate from Yeong-Il bay region are 202ton to BOD, 620ton to SS, 42ton to T-N, 16ton to T-P respectively, if expressly point out, pollutant generating rate from the Hyeong-san river is the greatest, which BOD ratio is 78.2%, SS 88.5%, T-N 62.5%, T-P 73.1%. As calculating Tank model with input value of daily precipitation and evaporation of 2001 year in drainage basin of the Hyeong-san river, Estimated result of the annual total river discharge effluencing from this river is $830{\times}106m^3$. As result to estimating annual total effluence rate outflowing at the rivers from each drainage basins, annual total inflow pollutant rate are BOD 10,633ton, SS 19,302ton, T-N 15,369ton, T-P 305ton. The III basin which is population congestion region of the Pohang-city drain away a good many pollutant load than the V basin including the Neang-Chun with wide drainage area. Especially, a great many T-N than T-P inflow into Yeong-Il bay. The accumulation of pollutant load effluenced from on-land will happen on at the inner coast region of Yeong-Il bay, finally we would make a prediction that the water quality will take a bad turn.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-64
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• 2002

1900년대 초부터 근대공장제 요업의 중심지 중의 하나를 이루고 있는 경남 밀양시의 요업이 지닌 입지 특성을 구명하였다. 밀양시의 요업은 국가정책과 경기변동에 따라 양적 변화를 보이면서, 기업의 신설과 폐업에 의한 도시내부의 감소현상과 외연부의 증가현상으로, 도시내부에 집적한 요업이 외연부로 분산하는 외향적인 공간변화를 수반하였다. 유리한 원료와 교통조건을 지닌 밀양시에 일본인의 투자를 계기로 신규 산업으로 입지한 요업은 그 후 지역 내에 성장해 온 잠재 기업가와 이들 기업의 지역 내 입지로 지속되었다. 이들의 입지결정에 개인적 요인, 원료, 용지, 용수, 시장이 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 기존 집적지역에 원료 고갈, 혼잡, 토지 부족으로 인한 입지 불리성, 기업의 확장정책, 공업분산정책, 교통(도로)조건의 개선 등으로 인해 요업이 외연부로 분산하고 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2012

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense is often used in treatment of human disease such as hemorrhage, blood congestion and inflammation. This study was accomplished to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the leaf (CLE) and flower (CFE) extracts of C. japonicum var. ussuriense to protect normal human red blood cells (RBC) and plasma samples against oxidative damage in vitro. CLE and CFE were prepared by extracting with hot water. In red blood cells and plasma, oxidative hemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by the aqueous peroxyl radical generator [2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, AAPH] were significantly suppressed by CLE or CFE in a dose-dependent manner at the same time. CLE and CFE also prevented the depletion of cytosolic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in RBC. These results suggest that the leaves and flowers of C. japonicum var. ussuriense may have the antioxidant properties.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

Disodium disulphite, the HPV chemical, was assigned to Korea in order to implement OECD SIDS program in 1999. It was produced about 3,200 ton/year in 1998. This report evaluates the toxic potency of disodium disulphite based on the environmental and mammalian effects as well as human exposure. Oral $LD_{50}$ in rats is 1,540 mg/kg b.w. and effects was observed to the stomach, liver and the GI track that was filled with blood. For repeated dose toxicity, the predominant effect was the induction of stomach lesion due to local irritation. The no observed adverse effect lever for local (stomach irritation) was about 217 mg/kg bw/day. There is no evidence that disodium disulphite is genotoxic in vivo. No reproductive or developmental toxicty of disodium disulphite was observed for the period up to 2 yr and over three generation. In humans, urticaria and asthma with itching, edema, rhinitis, and nasal congestion were reported. Disodium disulphite is unlikely to induce respiratory sensitization but may enhance symptom of asthma in sensitive individuals. This chemical would be mainly transported to water compartment when released to environmental compartments since it is highly water soluble (470 g/l at 20). Low K oc (2.447) indicates disodium disulphite is so mobile in soil that it may not stay in the terrestrial compartment. The chemical has been tested in a limited number of aquatic species. hem acute toxicity test to fish, 96 hr-$LC_{50}$ was > 100 mg/1. For algae, 72 hr-$XC_{50}$ was 48.1 mg/1. For daphnid, the acute toxicity value of 48 hr-$EC_{50}$ was 88.76 mg/1, and chronic value of 21day-NOEC was > 10 mg/1. Therefore, PNEC of 0.1 mg/l for the aquatic organism was obtained from the chronic value of daphnid using the assessment factor of 100. Based on these data the disodium disulphite was recommended as low priority for further post-SIDS work in OECD.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2016

2012년 시화호 조력발전소가 가동됨에 따라 조간대가 복원되었다. 복원 후 물새 분류군별 개체수 변동의 차이를 알아보고자 2009년부터 2014년까지 조사가 수행되었다. 복원 전 배수갑문 운영시 조간대 면적은 $5.3km^2$에서 복원 후 $20.3km^2$로 늘어났다. 전체 조류개체수 군집에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 6개 분류군별 개체수 차이를 분석한 결과 잠수성 오리류(p=0.237)를 제외한 백로류(p<0.001), 고니기러기류(p<0.01), 수면성오리류(p<0.001), 도요물떼새류(p<0.001) 갈매기류(p<0.001)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 시화호 조간대는 복원된 지 얼마 지나지 않았지만 환경 및 저서생태계의 개선이 이루어지고 있으며, 조간대 지역을 기반으로 살아가는 수조류의 서식지 이용에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 사라졌던 조간대가 다시 복원된 유례가 없는 사례이며 향후에는 유사한 환경에서의 생물다양성 유지를 위한 대안의 한 방법으로도 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

2009년 7~12월, 축제식 양식장에서 돌돔의 백점충 감염 조사결과, 감염률은 20.0~88.0%로 9월이 높았고 7월이 낮았다. 7, 8월에는 죽는 개체가 없었으나 9월 중순 이후에는 폐사가 발생하였다. 수온 $19.3{\sim}24.3^{\circ}C$, 용존산소 5.0~7.1 mg/L, pH 8.0~8.1, 염분 31.9~33.7psu로 폐사 발생시의 수온은 약 $24.0^{\circ}C$ 였다. 백점충 감염초기의 외부증상으로는 돌돔의 활력은 양호하였으나 체표에 점액분비로 번들거림을 확인 수 있었으며, 대량폐사가 발생한 시기인 10월에는 점액분비 과다, 꼬리지느러미 탈락 및 발적, 체표 출혈반점과 안구충혈 증상을 보였으며 유영력이 매우 저하되어 있었다. 내부증상으로 간, 장 충혈 및 비장비대 증상을 나타내었다. 백점충은 아가미의 호흡상피 아래 조직 내에 매몰되어 기생기와 자유유영기 상태였음을 확인하였다. 백점충은 7월경에 감염되어 수온 상승과 함께 사료급이량 증가와 돌돔의 빠른 성장이 백점충 증식의 호조건 조성으로 폐사가 더욱 가중된 것으로 추정되었다. 조사기간 중 간중량지수 (HSI)는 $1.9{\pm}1.1{\sim}3.5{\pm}1.7$ %로 폐사발생기인 9월에 가장 낮았으며, 11월에 가장 높았다. 백점충에 감염된 돌돔 혈액의 헤마토크릿트 값은 7, 8월에 각각 37.3%, 41.0%, 9, 10월에 각각 32.14%, 24.17%로 차이를 보였다. 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 7, 8월에 비해 10월에 급격한 저하를 보였고, 폐사 발생후 AST는 약 7배, ALT는 약 5배 높았다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2021

밀집이 심한 도시는 불투수 면적이 많아 흘러나온 빗물이 빠르게 도로를 타고 한쪽으로 모이게 된다. 이는 도로에 설치된 빗물받이로 차집이 되지 못한 많은 노면 유출수로 인해 측구에서의 흐름 폭이 넓어져 정체 노면수를 증가시켜 교통체증과 미끄러움으로 인한 사고를 유발한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 차집유량 산정식을 제시하기 위해서 간선도로와 고속도로의 최대 종경사를 반영하여 2~10 %의 도로 조건을 반영하였고, 측구 횡경사는 일반도로 횡경사인 2 %를 선정하였다. 도로 차선조건은 중앙차선과 보도를 경계를 2, 3, 4 차선을 선정하였으며, 실험유량은 설계 빈도 상황을 고려하여 실제 도로 조건의 5년, 10년, 20년, 30년의 설계빈도 유수유출량을 실험유량으로 환산한 결과 1.36 l/s~3.96 l/s의 유량을 10개로 나누어 수리실험을 진행하였다. 또한, 측구로 들어오는 유입유속과, 흐름 폭을 고려한 식을 제시하였다. 실험 결과 종경사 증가에 따라 흐름 폭은 증가하고, 차집율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 IBM SPSS Statistics 24 프로그램으로 회귀분석하여 설계빈도에 따른 우수 유출량, 도로의 종경사를 반영한 흐름 폭과 유입유속의 빗물받이 차집유량 산정식을 도출하였다. 산정된 도출식은 도로에서의 빗물받이 설계에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.