• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.509-518
• /
• 2006

Although final water of domestic water treatment plants almost contains highly corrosive characteristics, the countermeasures for eliminating internal corrosion of pipeline system have not been conducted yet by controlling water quality in plants. The technologies of internal corrosion control are to control water quality parameters(pH, Alkalinity, and Calcium Hardness etc.) and to use corrosion inhibitor. Under the conditions of domestic water treatment, first of all, the technologies of adjusting water quality parameters has to be considered. Otherwise, The technology of using corrosion inhibitor is favorably thought to be applied with the technology of adjusting water quality parameters in accordance with the result of availability for water treatment process. Since the technology of adjusting water quality parameter influences on other water treatment processes, the guideline of water quality management to be apt for water quality characteristic is required to be estabilished. While the selection of proper chemicals and technologies is dependent upon the raw water characteristics and water treatment process, typically, the technology of $Ca(OH)_2$ & $CO_2$ additions is considered more effective than other technologies in order to adjust pH and Alkalinity, increase $Ca^{2+}$ and form $CaCO_3$ film

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2010

In order to quantify removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium in water treatment process and evaluate factors influencing removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium in each step of water treatment process, large pilot plant system ($100m^3/day$) and Cryptracer, surrogate of Cryptosporidium, were used. The removal efficiency of Cryptracer was around 0.8~1 log in coagulation process and 3.3~4.8 log in sand filtration process under ordinary environmental conditions. Factors influenced removal efficiency of Cryptracer were high fluctuate turbidity and water temperature. High fluctuate turbidity made difficult to adjust optimum PAC concentration, caused to drop removal efficiency of coagulation process (0.5 log). Inadequate coagulation process influenced to sand filtration process (2.1 log), caused to decline of removal efficiency in the whole process (2.6 log). Low temperature below $2^{\circ}C$ also influenced coagulation process (0.6 log). Therefore, It is shown that careful attention in the control of Cryptosporidium is needed in flood period, when high fluctuate turbidity would be, and winter period of low temperature.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제31권A호
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the cost effectiveness in line with total phosphorus standard enforcement of public sewage treatment facilities. The additional cost for the total phosphorus removal process was calculated to analyze the cost effectiveness of the advanced water purification process. The analysis results showed that the T-P removal by coagulation sedimentation was more efficient than the advanced water purification facilities in terms of facilities investment cost, and if the coagulation filteration was used for T-P removal, the activated carbon process among the advanced water purification techniques was more efficient in terms of facilities investment cost. In this study, the effects of the T-P removal process that will be additionally introduced according to the tightening of the effluent T-P standard were analyzed within a limit. The actual benefits of improved T-P concentration in the water source will provide diverse values, including the leisure water, environment improvement water, eco-system in the water source and industrial water, in addition to the advanced water purification.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 1998

Increasing water consumption produced sludge problems of the water treatment plants. The objective of this study is to investigate aluminium coagulants recovery n acidic and alkaline conditions. Water treatment plant sludge produced in Pusan Metropolitan City were tested for the aluminium extraction process. Experiment samples were obtained in summer from water treatment plants of Deoksan and Myongjang. Aluminium coagulants used in these plants during the test period were polyaluminium chloride(PAC), polyaluminium sulfate organic(PSO), polyaluminium sulfate silicate(PASS). Aluminium contents of water treatment sludge were in the range of 7.2~10.9% of the total solids. The recovery percentages for aluminium and iron by acidic extraction method was evaluated to 88% and 42% respectively. Extracted mass variation for other materials such as iron, manganese, total organic carbon was observed during the extraction operation. Alkaline extraction produced more than two times amount of total organic carbon than that in the acidic extraction process.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2019

The roles of polypropylene (PP) beads and pH on membrane fouling and treatment efficiency were investigated in a hybrid advanced water treatment process of tubular carbon fiber membranes (ultrafiltration (UF) or microfiltration (MF)) and PP beads. The synthetic feed including humic acid and kaolin flowed inside the membrane, and the permeated contacted the PP beads fluidized in the space between the membrane and the module with UV irradiation and periodic water back-flushing. In the hybrid process of UF ($0.05{\mu}m$) and PP beads, final resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) after 180 min increased as PP beads increased. The turbidity treatment efficiency was the maximum at 30 g/L; however, that of dissolved organic matters (DOM) showed the highest at PP beads 50 g/L. The $R_f$ strengthened as pH of feed increased. It means that the membrane fouling could be inhibited at low alkali condition. The treatment efficiency of turbidity was almost constant independent of pH; however, that of DOM showed the maximum at pH 5. For MF ($0.1{\mu}m$), the final $R_f$ was the minimum at PP beads 40 g/L. The treatment efficiencies of turbidity and DOM were the maximum at PP beads 10 g/L.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2008

Perchlorate, which is still unregulated, is found in tap water, posing a threat to public health. In and out of Korea, there is no clear standard for drinking water quality or discharge. To make matters worse, Perchlorate study is in its infancy in Korea. This research tracked fresh water and purified water of water purification facility A and B located at the city of D, where Nak-dong River is being utilized as the purified water. And it was found that purified water shows no particular pattern in Perchlorate concentrations but represented a higher level of concentration compared to fresh water. With utilizing the research results, the study sought the impact of activated-carbon treatment process on Perchlorate elimination and found out that Perchlorate concentrations increased 38% after the process. The result proves that conventional water purification process can't eliminate Perchlorate. Therefore, it is reasonable that Perchlorate discharge from sources should be minimized.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1155-1163
• /
• 2016

The treatment efficiencies of domestic sewage treatment processes were analysed and assessed to suggest and design a suitable technology for coal seam gas (CSG) water treatment. Two sewage treatment plants (S and G in Busan) were selected. The former operates with standard activated sludge and modified Ludzak Ettinger processes while the later uses the combination of $A_2/O$ and gravity fiber filtration. For both plants, the concentrations of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P were about 5.0, 19.0, 5.0, 11.0 and 1.0 ppm, respectively, which satisfy the discharge standards. Therefore, although sewage treatment processes seems to be applicable for CSG water treatment, additional processes to remove total dissolved solids and ionic compounds (i.e. bicarbonate) need to be introduced to produce fit-for-purpose water resources for beneficial use (in accordance with Water ACT 2013). This, for the CSG treatment process design, it is necessary to align the operating conditions with merging methods of combinable unit technology obtained from sewage treatment processes.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was done to evaluate degradation characteristics of non-biodegradable organic matters including aromatic compounds in livestock wastewater using CFZ process. The CFZ process is consisted of coagulation/sedimentation, Fenton oxidation and zeolite adsoption process. degradation charateristics of each treatment water including livestock wastewater were analyzed by UV scanning, FT-IR and GC/MS. After coagulation/sedimentation process as 1st treatment, non-biodegradable matters remained after 1st treatment were removed by using OH radical produced in Fenton oxidation process. As a result of treatment using these processes, NBDCOD removal efficiency was over 90%. Increase of $E_2/E_3$ ratio (absorbance at 250 and 365 nm) in each treatment water means that aromaticity of livestock wastewater decreased. In case of GC/MS, most aromatics or polynuclear aromatics like benzene, phenol and scatol in livestock wastewater almost wasn't detected after oxidation using OH radical.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2005

In this research, we tried to combine the coagulation/sedimentation process as pre-treatment with UF membrane filtration to reduce the membrane fouling and to improve the permeate water quality. We used the Jet Mixed Separator (JMS) as coagulation/sedimentation process. We observed that the HPC and E.Coli can't be removed through the direct UF memebrane filtation of surface water. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic substances, indicated by E260 and DOC, was 40% and 15%, respectively. However, the removal efficiency of it increased two time as a result of combination of JMS process as coagulation/sedimentation pre-treatment. This was resulted from the formation of high molecular humic micro-floc through JMS process. The accumulation amount of irreversible cake layer which was not removed by backwashing was less than direct UF membrane filtration of surface water. Moreover, the loading rate of fouling induced substances, such as humic substances and suspended substances, on membrane surface decreased drastically through JMS process. As a result, the accumulation amount of irreversible cake on membrane surface was decreased.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.419-424
• /
• 2007

깨끗하고 안전한 수돗물에 대한 소비자들의 욕구가 커짐에 따라 막, 오존, 활성탄 등 다양한 고도처리공정이 정수장에 도입되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고도처리공정의 도입으로 인한 관로 내 잔류염소 감소 및 THM 생성특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 오존, 활성탄, 오존/GAC 공정별 DOC 제거특성과 bottle test를 이용한 잔류염소 감소 및 THM 생성특성을 평가하였다. 모든 처리공정에서 DOC 제거율보다 $UV_{254}$ 유발물질의 제거율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 오존공정에 의한 DOC 제거율은 기존 모래여과수 대비 약 4%에 불과하였으나, $UV_{254}$는 약 17%로 DOC 제거율보다 훨씬 더 큰 차이를 보였는데, 이는 오존에 의해 소수성 유기물이 친수성 유기물로 변환되었기 때문이다. 오존/GAC 공정이 유기물 제거에 가장 효과적이었으며, 모래여과, 오존, GAC, 그리고 오존/GAC공정을 거친 처리수의 잔류염소 감소계수는 각각 0.0230, 0.0307, 0.0117 그리고 0.0098 $hr^{-1}$ 나타났으며, 190시간 반응 이후 모래여과수는 THM이 81.8 ${\mu}g/L$ 생성된 반면, 오존, GAC, 그리고 오존/GAC의 처리수는 모래여과수에 비해 각각 6.0, 26.2, 30.3% 적게 생성되었다. 결론적으로 고도처리공정에 의해 관로 내 잔류염소의 지속성이 증대되었으며, THM 생성 또한 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.