• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.509-518
• /
• 2006

Although final water of domestic water treatment plants almost contains highly corrosive characteristics, the countermeasures for eliminating internal corrosion of pipeline system have not been conducted yet by controlling water quality in plants. The technologies of internal corrosion control are to control water quality parameters(pH, Alkalinity, and Calcium Hardness etc.) and to use corrosion inhibitor. Under the conditions of domestic water treatment, first of all, the technologies of adjusting water quality parameters has to be considered. Otherwise, The technology of using corrosion inhibitor is favorably thought to be applied with the technology of adjusting water quality parameters in accordance with the result of availability for water treatment process. Since the technology of adjusting water quality parameter influences on other water treatment processes, the guideline of water quality management to be apt for water quality characteristic is required to be estabilished. While the selection of proper chemicals and technologies is dependent upon the raw water characteristics and water treatment process, typically, the technology of $Ca(OH)_2$ & $CO_2$ additions is considered more effective than other technologies in order to adjust pH and Alkalinity, increase $Ca^{2+}$ and form $CaCO_3$ film

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2016

We investigated the relation between the presence of geosmin in water and the bacterial community structure within the granular activated carbon (GAC) system of water treatment plants in South Korea. GAC samples were collected in May and August of 2014 at three water treatment plants (Sungnam, Koyang, and Yeoncho in Korea). Dissolved organic carbon and geosmin were analyzed before and after GAC treatment. Geosmin was found in raw water from Sungnam and Koyang water treatment plants but not in that from Yeoncho water treatment plant. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, the 16S rRNA clone library indicated that the bacterial communities from the Sungnam and Koyang GAC systems were closely related to geosmin-degrading bacteria. Based on the phylogenetic tree and multidimensional scaling plot, bacterial clones from GAC under the influence of geosmin were clustered with Variovorax paradoxus strain DB 9b and Comamonas sp. DB mg. In other words, the presence of geosmin in water might have inevitably contributed to the growth of geosmin degraders within the respective GAC system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2017

Preeminent water treatment plans are essential to preserve the water quality of aquatic biotopes. Previous studies have not been sufficient to provide cost-effective maintenance method since they focused only on the purification of deteriorated water that requires a continuous supply of clean water. This study proposes an economical method of water quality maintenance using water treatment media block constructed vertically using porous ceramics, zeolite, and river pebble. The water treatment media block does not require a separate purification area because it functions as a purifier within the ecological pond which can maximize the biotope area. To evaluate the performance of the water treatment media block, we longitudinally tracked the change of water quality indicators (pH, TDS, COND, DO, T-P, T-N, COD) suggested by Water Environment Standards, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. We compared the water quality of one control (A: general ecological pond composition method of the laminated structure) and two experimental groups (B: a combination of aquatic plants and a water treatment media block, C: a water treatment media block only). As a result, we confirmed that the water treatment media block is an efficient and economical method to maintaining the water quality of the ecological pond for a long time. The water treatment media block will be a great help in providing a better aquatic biotope space for aquatic insects and fishes living in clear water.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2018

In this manuscript, $35m^3/d$ NF unit was designed and applied for surface water treatment of the River Nile water. Intake of Embaba drinking water treatment plant was selected to install that unit at since; it has the lowest water quality index value through the examined 6 sites in greater Cairo area. The optimized operating conditions were feed and permeate flow, 40 and $7m^3/d$, feed pressure 2.68 bar and flux rate $37.7l/m^2h$. The permeate water was drinkable according to Egyptian Ministerial decree 458/2007 for the tested parameters (physic-chemical, heavy metals, organic, algal, bacteriological and parasitological). Single and double sand filters were used as pretreatment for NF membranes but continuous clogging for sand filters moved us to use UF membrane as pretreatment for NF membrane.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.1155-1163
• /
• 2016

The treatment efficiencies of domestic sewage treatment processes were analysed and assessed to suggest and design a suitable technology for coal seam gas (CSG) water treatment. Two sewage treatment plants (S and G in Busan) were selected. The former operates with standard activated sludge and modified Ludzak Ettinger processes while the later uses the combination of $A_2/O$ and gravity fiber filtration. For both plants, the concentrations of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P were about 5.0, 19.0, 5.0, 11.0 and 1.0 ppm, respectively, which satisfy the discharge standards. Therefore, although sewage treatment processes seems to be applicable for CSG water treatment, additional processes to remove total dissolved solids and ionic compounds (i.e. bicarbonate) need to be introduced to produce fit-for-purpose water resources for beneficial use (in accordance with Water ACT 2013). This, for the CSG treatment process design, it is necessary to align the operating conditions with merging methods of combinable unit technology obtained from sewage treatment processes.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2022

Models for water treatment processes include simulation, i.e., modelling of water quality, flow hydraulics, process controls and design. Water treatment processes are inherently dynamic because of the large variations in the influent water flow rate, concentration and composition. Moreover, these variations are to a large extent not possible to control. Mathematical models and computer simulations are essential to describe, predict and control the complicated interactions of the water treatment processes. An accurate description of such systems can therefore result in highly complex models, which may not be very useful from a practical, operational point of view. The main objective is to combine knowledge of the process dynamics with mathematical methods for processes estimation and identification. Good modelling practice is way to obtain this objective and to improve water treatment processes(its understanding, design, control and performance- efficiency). By synthesize of existing knowledge and experience on good modelling practices and principles the aim is to help address the critical strategic gaps and weaknessesin water treatment models application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 1993

A new treatment system for animal waste water has been developed as an alternative to the activated sludge process. It consists of two treatments; one is operated with 7 tanks, and the other is soil and plant cultivation bed. Aerobic microorganisms are added to the influent water in the tanks where the water is aerated so that the microbes utilize the pollutants, while sedimentation removes the indigestible solids. In the secondary treatment the water, which has already received a primary treatment, is filtered through soil where it also receives treatment by soil organisms. In addition there is transpiration of water and absorption of minerals by plants. In the primary treatment BOD, SS, coliforms (E. coli), TP and total bacteria were removed 79-99%, but COD and TN were removed only 58% and 36%, respectively. In the secondary treatment removal of nutrients proceeded further, and 93-99% of pollutants were removed. The treated waters met the quality standard of discharge water in Japan except for TN, which was in too great a concentration to meet discharge standards. This problem requires further study.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07d
• /
• pp.2254-2258
• /
• 2003

In recent years, the case to install small water treatment facility to every local area has increased. A key issue in the successful implementation of the control systems for the water treatment plants is the choice of control architecture. Within the framework of distributed control system(DCS), this paper presents a new development of intelligent control module and its novel application to open control architecture for water treatment plants. This control system so called NCS(Network Based Control System) with standard networks system with LonTalks protocol of ANSI/EIA 709.1, regulatory control function and information dispatch function has suitable functionality to operate these distributed water treatment facility effectively. This paper describes the case where NCS is applied for the filters system in water treatment facility of Heong Sung area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.239-250
• /
• 2020

In this study, effects of five raw water quality parameters (turbidity, odor compounds caused by algae, filter clogging caused by algae, pH increase caused by algae, and organic matter) on improvements and operations costs of typical water treatment plant (WTP) were estimated. The raw water quality parameters were assumed the worst possible conditions based on the past data and costs were subsequently estimated. Results showed that new water treatment facilities were needed, such as a selective intake system, an advanced water treatment processes, a dual media filter, a carbonation facility, and a re-chlorination facility depending on water quality. Furthermore, changes needed to be made in WTP operations, such as adding powered activated carbon, increasing the injection of chlorine, adding coagulation aid, increasing the discharge of backwashed water, and increasing the operation time of dewatering facilities. Such findings showed that to reliably produce high-quality tap water and reduce water treatment costs, continuous improvements to the quality of water sources are needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1314-1317
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) application on scalder and chiller water on Campylobacter contamination, four different treatments under three different water conditions including hard scalder water ($55^{\circ}C$), soft scalder water ($45^{\circ}C$) and chiller water, were applied as follows: i) a control treatment with no salt and no electric treatment, ii) a PEF only treatment, iii) a PEF treatment with 0.5% salt water, and iv) a PEF treatment with 1% salt water treatment. The use of PEF in hard scalding water showed an effect of reducing Campylobacter when compared to the control during the 200 s timeframe. With the addition of salt, the intervention caused at least 5.81 log CFU/ml reduction of Campylobacter counts after 200 s of PEF exposure. Similar effects were observed under soft scalding conditions. Campylobacter reductions were evident under chilling conditions with up to 2.00 log for PEF only, 5.77 log for PEF+0.5% salt and 2.69 log for PEF+1% salt treatment in water. Therefore, the current PEF setting for the scalder and chiller water can be successfully used to reduce pathogenic loads of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses, and further research may be necessary to apply it in the poultry processing industry.