• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the impacts of different soil water potentials on environmental soil properties related to the moisture injury of Korean raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.). Soil water potential in the plastic film house plots was differentiated from -5 to -40 kPa. Soils in the plots contained 5.6% of plant available water. Increasing soil water contents based on the changes in water potential increased soil pH and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ content and decreased exchangeable $K^+$ and total N contents. It also declined soil organic matter content at 9 days after water treatments. Relationship between water potential and soil water content was given as an exponential equation, y = 96.534 - 20.28In(x). In particular, when the water potential was higher than -20 kPa (27.5% of soil moisture content), it decreased chlorophyll content in the raspberry leaves, inhibited N uptake by the plant, and increased phosphorus content with increasing days after water treatment. Also, as the 7 days after water treatment at higher than -20 kPa of water potential, the root activity of the plant was significantly decreased, and trunk (top)/root (T/R) ratio of the plant markedly declined until 9 days after water supply. Carbohydrate contents in the raspberry plant leaves and roots at dormant stage were the lowest at -5 and -10 kPa of water potential plots, and it may cause winter injury to the plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 2017

This study developed the prototype of the system and implemented its main functions, which is the intelligent integrated agricultural water management information system and service (IaWAMISS). The developed system was designed to be able to collect, process and analyze the agricultural water information of spatially dispersed reservoirs in whole country and spatial geographic information distributed in various systems of other organizations. The system, IaWAMISS, is also possible to provide the reproduced information services in each reservoir and space units, such as agricultural water demand and supply analysis and drought prediction, to the people, experts, and policy makers. This study defined the 6 step modules to develop the system, which are to design the components of intelligent integrated information system, to derive the utilization contents of existing systems, to design the new development elements for IaWAMISS, to design the reservoir information system can be used by managers of city and county, to designate the monitoring reservoirs managed by city and county, and finally to prepare the sharing system between organizations with the existing information systems. In order to implement the prototype of the system, this study shows the results for three important functions of the system: spatial integration of reservoirs' information, data link integration between the existing systems, and intelligent analysis program development to assist decision support for agricultural water management. For the spatial integration with the reservoir water information of the Korea Rural Community Corporation, this study get IaWAMISS to receive the real-time reservoir storage information from the measurement facility installed in the municipal management reservoir. The data link integration connecting databases of the existing systems, was implemented by integrating the meteorological information of the Korea Meteorological Administration with IaWAMISS, so that the rainfall forecast data could be derived and used. For the implementation of the intelligent analysis program, this study also showed the results of analysis and prediction of agricultural water demand and supply amount, estimation of Palmer drought index, analysis of flood risk area in typhoon course region, and analysis of the storage status of reservoirs related to each storm. This study confirmed the possibility and efficiency of an useful system development through the prototype design and implementation of IaWAMISS. By solving the preliminary 6 step modules presented in this study, it is possible not only to efficiently manage water by spatial unit, but also to provide the service of information and to enhance the relevant policy and national understanding to the people.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_2
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• pp.1119-1137
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• 2017

This study assessed the water provisioning and climate mitigation ecosystem services of the urban forest in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The ecosystem service assessment is conducted based on natural function, natural function and population, and natural function and the beneficiary of the ecosystem service. Then, the impact of climate change on ecosystem services is analyzed to figure out the sensitivity of the impact on the beneficiary when the natural function of forest destroys under climate change. Gyeonggi-do has higher function-based water provisioning ecosystem service than Seoul. And population-based water provisioning ecosystem service appears to be higher in the densely populated area. On the other hand, beneficiary-based water provisioning ecosystem service by applying both natural water supply function and beneficiary distribution appears different with the result of population-based water provisioning service assessment. In other words, regions with high beneficiary population show higher ecosystem service than those with a low beneficiary population even though they have the same water storage function. In addition, climate change has a negative impact on the water provisioning ecosystem service. Under climate change, water provisioning service is expected to decrease by 26%. For climate mitigation service, regions close to the forest seem to have a low temperature, which indicates their high climate mitigation service. The center of the city with high beneficiary population shows high beneficiary-based ecosystem service. The climate change impacts the forest growth to decrease which affect the beneficiary-based climate mitigation ecosystem service to decrease by 33%. From this study, we conclude that beneficiary-based function and ecosystem service assessment is needed as well as the supply-based classification of forest function suggested by Korea Forest Service. In addition, we suggest that not only supply-based function classification and ecosystem service assessment but also beneficiary-based function classification and ecosystem service assessment is needed for managing the urban forest, which has been destroyed by climate change. This will contribute to revaluing cases where a forest with low natural function but high beneficiary-based ecosystem service, which is not considered under the current forest function-based assessment system. Moreover, this could assist in developing a suitable management plan for the urban forest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

Resilience is the capacity to maintain essential services under a range of circumstances from normal to extreme. It is achieved through the ability of assets, networks, systems and management to anticipate, absorb and recover from disturbance. It requires adaptive capacity in respect of current and future risks and uncertainties as well as experience to date. The agricultural infrastructures with high resilience can not only reduce the size of the disaster relatively, but also minimize the loss by reducing the time required for recovery. This study aims to evaluate the most suitable drought countermeasures with the analysis of various resilience indices by predicting future agricultural water shortage under land use and climate change scenarios for agricultural areas in Jeju Island. The results showed that the permanent countermeasure is suitable than the temporary countermeasures as drought size and the cost required for recovery increase. Wide-area water supply system, which is a kind of water grid system, is identified as the most advantageous among countermeasures. It is recommended to evaluate the capability of agricultural infrastructure against drought with the various Resilience Indices for reliable assessment of long-term effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2021

Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) is a decision-making process taking into account the environmental impact, economic and social impact of policies, plans, and programs at the higher stage prior to the project plan for promoting sustainable development. In this study, we analyzed the process and criteria for selecting appropriate alternatives when establishing development plan in SEA. First, the criteria for estimating changes in ecosystem services following the implementation of development project of industrial complex were presented. Second, alternative evaluations were conducted through an analysis of ecosystem service scenarios to explore suitable alternatives in Anseong. As a result, the environmental quality of selected area as the existing project site deteriorated according to the implementation of the project, and the dimensional reduction technique confirmed that the change in ecosystem service factors in project area was the optimal location. In addition, the results of the scenario assessment to explore suitable alternatives in Anseong City showed that the existing site had large capacity in terms of water quality control services (scenario 1), scenario 2 in terms of preconditioning services, and scenario 3 in terms of water supply services. The guidance of Ecosystem service assessment is expected to be available in decision-making of large-scale strategies (e.g., SEA) and projects by presenting more quantitative criteria for determining the adequacy and location feasibility of development plans and policy plans. This is expected to require various support, including legislation and revision of related laws, believed to be supported by advanced research.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2322-2324
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• 2002

Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO) operates nine hydroelectric power stations on the Han River, Nakdong River, Geum River & Seomjin River Areas. KOWACO will take the lead in improving the efficiency of water resources supply in this parer, KOWACO Generation Intergrated Operating System(GIOS) project will improve the generating plant, hydraulic structures, switchgear, and station controls, alarms and services for unmanned remote controlled operation by modern intergraed SCADA system. Mordern SCADA is used to cover all computer systems designed to perform the following main functions: - to collect data from industrial plant devices. - to process and perform calculations on the collected. - to present collected and derived data on displays on. - to accept commands entered by human operators and act on them such as sending control commands to plant devices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop nursing practice guidelines for water treatment system used in hemodialysis and to evaluate the guidelines by applying them in practice. Method: The first draft for the guidelines was developed based on advice and recommendations obtained from procedure review of critical literature. The draft was modified through evaluation by an expert group and pilot application to practice. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using the AGREE instrument (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Results: For the pilot test using the draft guidelines, 144 samples were collected from the water treatment system and hemodialysis machines. Results showed no bacteria. Endotoxin tests and chemical tests passed the criteria. After revision of the draft guidelines and additions to the draft guidelines, the final draft was confirmed. The quality of the final draft was evaluated by 4 experts using the AGREE instrument. The mean standard score was 76.9% for the 19 items. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines developed in this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for water treatment systems used in hemodialysis. In addition, the results of the research can contribute to improving care services.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2021

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) remote soil moisture control system including soil sensing, automatic water supply chain, and remote alarming system was established on reclaimed land and operated stably. The system was operated using river water around the reclaimed land without fertilizer. On applying this system to control soil moisture, the kenaf germination rate was improved up to two times. Kenaf biomass was 4,748 kg/10a and was higher than that of untreated soil moisture management. When the nutritious liquid fertilizer was used, kenaf yield reached 8,390 kg/10a, which was lower than 10,848 kg/10a of the non-reclaimed land treated with standard chemical fertilizers. As the soil moisture was managed stably through the ICT remote soil moisture control system, the quality of the kenaf crop was improved, resulting in a 7% increase in dry weight, and a 11.5% increase in plant hardness. The estimated kenaf yield was 5,039 kg/10a when 800 tonnes of water were supplied by the ICT remote soil moisture control system with the stream water around Saemangeum reclaimed land without chemical fertilizers and organic matter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2023

Smart water cities (SWC) are urban municipalities that utilizes modern innovations in managing and preserving the urban water cycle in the city; with the purpose of securing sustainability and improving the quality of life of the urban population. Understanding the different urban water characteristics and management strategies of cities situate a baseline in the development of evaluation scheme in determining whether the city is smart and sustainable. This research herein aims to develop measurements and evaluation for SWC Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and set up a unified global standard and certification scheme. The assessment for SWC is performed in technical, as well as governance and prospective aspects. KPI measurements under Technical Pillar assess the cities' use of technologies in providing sufficient water supply, monitoring water quality, strengthening disaster resilience, minimizing hazard vulnerability, and maintaining and protecting the urban water ecosystem. Governance and Prospective Pillar on the other hand, evaluates the social, economic and administrative systems set in place to manage the water resources, delivering water services to different levels of society. The performance assessment is composed of a variety of procedures performed in a quantitative and qualitative manner, such as computations through established equations, interviews with authorities in charge, field survey inspections, etc. The developed SWC KPI measurements are used to evaluate the urban water management practices for Busan Eco Delta city, a Semulmeori waterfront area in Gangseo district, Busan. The evaluation and scoring process was presented and established, serving as the basis for the application of the smart water city certification all over the world. The established guideline will be used to analyze future cities, providing integrated and comprehensive information on the status of their urban water cycle, gathering new techniques and proposing solutions for smarter measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.211-211
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• 2020

The concept of virtual water has been largely applied in the study of regional, national, and global water flows with particular emphasis on water scarcity. Despite water traditionally being managed locally, certain global forces influence the local water resource scarcity/availability and hence virtual water exchanges worldwide. It is therefore of necessity that the significant forces be examined to understand the relationship between available water in a region and the variability and trends in environmental, social, and economic factors that are of utmost importance in the formulation of water resources management policies. This study therefore reviewed recent literature from 2003 - 2019 to determine the significant indicators of virtual water trade at different spatiotemporal levels. The study examined and compared the major approaches to virtual water trade flows accounting, and also identified and discussed policy implications and future research options concerning the analysis of virtual water trade. Available information has shown that virtual water trade is significantly influenced by economic (GDP, Demand-Supply of goods and services), geographical (Distance), institutional (population) and environmental (water availability, arable land, precipitation) factors. Reports further show that the selection of a given approach for virtual water trade flows accounting will depend on the scope of the study, the available datasets, and other research preferences. Accordingly, this study suggests that the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches to virtual water trade, taking into consideration the spatial and temporal variations in water resources availability and the complexity of environmental and socioeconomic factors will be pivotal for establishing the basis for the conservation of water resources worldwide.