• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2019

In this study, the characteristics of watershed and pollution source were investigated in SoOakcheon located in the upper stream of Daecheong Lake. The Dimension Index method was applied to index various watershed and pollution source data. The influence factors of each pollutant source were derived through correlation analysis between selected index and water quality monitoring data. BOD and COD were significantly influenced by population density and land area ratio, T-N by CN and rice area ratio, and T-P by population density and land area ratio, respectively. The discharge load is often used to establish non-point source countermeasures, but there is a difference between the water load and the water load in the lake or river. Therefore, in order to manage non-point pollution efficiently, it is necessary to analyze influential factors with high correlation with water quality and to manage the relevant factors with priority.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted for 3 years from August 1996 to August 1999 in order to elucidate and evaluate seasonal variations of marine water quality and trophic state in Mokpo harbour of Korea. Compared the seasonal seawater qualities of Mokpo harbour with the OECD standards of trophic classification in parameters such as Secchi depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, the trophic level of seawater in Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in mesotrophic or eutrophic state through all 4 seasons and to be in eutrophic state, particularly In summer. The estimation of pollution index by eutrophication showed the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour to deteriorate and fall under the regular grades through all 4 seasons, although the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be equivalent to the second or third class of the Korean seawater quality standards in view of COD values. The results of eutrophication index estimation showed the high potentiality of red tide occurrence In Mokpo harbour, particularly in summer or fall. In the light of the average atomic ratio of N/P in seawater, the limiting nutrient factor against the growth of phytoplankton was concluded to be phosphorus rather than nitrogen in Mokpo Harbour.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.721-724
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• 2006

Among many sources of soil and water pollution, former mining regions also play an important role in distribution and scope of pollution. In response, KMRC has made an investigation into the status mine hazard at the abandoned metalliferous mine area in Korea. In this study, we analyzed distribution of mine hazards at abandoned metalliferous mines using GIS. We considered the distribution of mine hazards and its magnitude for each abandoned mine and displayed the mine hazard index (MHI) using GIS. We divided the MHI value for each mine into 5 classes, and displayed the first class as smallest point symbol and the last class as biggest point symbol. The biggest symbol shows the most serious status of mine hazards. This GIS function was included in the AMGIS system KMRS are running, and it would be helpful to make decision of reclamation priority at abandoned metalliferous mine area.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.61-80
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• 2011

Through concentrated investments in environmental regulations centered around BOD, which is a biodegradable matter index, and basic environmental infrastructures, national BOD pollution level has continuously improved. Nonetheless, limitations of BOD management system has become evident through nation-wide stagnation and/or increases of refractory organic matters, such as COD, at main drinking water sources, and the need for a new index, which can easily indicate different environmental conditions, has increased. Therefore, this study suggests a new organic management index for a proper management of surface water. $COD_{Cr}$ and TOC were examined as candidates for surface water quality management index, and it was found that TOC was more appropriate than $COD_{Cr}$ as an organic matter management index. Through this study, it was found that TOC possesses following qualities: a more representative index; international acceptability; monitoring program is easier; better availability of analysis techniques; better accuracy and precision of analysis; less time required for analysis; ease of operation; management of disinfection byproducts; connection with present policies; existence of foreign and domestic application case studies; and correlation with water ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.114-127
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• 2021

Water pollution in the lower reaches of the Namhan River is getting worse due to drought and a decrease in water quantity due to climatic changes and hence is affecting the water quality of Paldang Lake. Accordingly, we have used a water quality index (WQI) and statistical analysis in this study to identify the characteristics of the water quality in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, the main causes of water pollution, and tributaries that need priority management. Typically, 10 items (WT, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC) were used as the water quality factors for the statistical analysis, and the matrix of data was set as 324 × 10·1. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and T-P with a high statistical significance (r=0.700, p<0.01). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the main factors affecting the change in water quality were T-P and organic substances introduced into the water by rainfall. Based on the Mann-Kendall test, a statistically significant increase in pH was observed in SH-1, DL, SH-2, CM, and BH, along with an increase in WQI in SH-2 and SM. BH was identified as a tributary that needs priority management in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, with a "Somewhat poor" (IV) grade in T-P, "Fair" grade in WQI, and "Marginal" grade in summer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate non-point sources (NPS) pollution and prioritize management areas affected by NPS pollution in the Saemangeum Watershed. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) technique was selected to prioritize sub-watersheds for effectively managing NPS pollution in this study areas. Generation properties of NPS pollution, discharge properties of NPS pollution, and runoff properties of NPS pollution were selected and set for AHP. Weighted descriptors including indicators like numbers of livestock, land- and livestock-system loads, rainfall, and impervious area ratio were generalized from 0 to 1 and multiply each index based on screened 17 survey data. The results were visualized as maps which enable resource managers to identify sub-watersheds for effective improving water quality. The sub-watersheds located in Gongdeok-Myeon, Yongji-Myeon, Hwangsan-Myeon of Gimje-Si were selected for managing NPS pollution control areas. This result presented that these sub-watershed are more affected by the pollution from livestock-system than from land-system. The finding from this study can be used to screen sub-watersheds that need further assessment by managers and decision-makers within the study area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural fields at the abandoned metal mines has been serious problems in Korea. In order to manage heavy metal pollution in surface water and soil, numerous remediation strategies have been established. Therefore, main purpose of this research was to examine feasibility of ecological toxicity assessment for establishing management strategy in heavy metal polluted agricultural fields. Heavy metal concentration in surface water and soil was monitored along with ecotoxicity experiment with Daphnia magna and Eisenia fetida. Result showed that high toxicity was observed in heavily polluted agricultural field with heavy metals. In case of mortality of Daphnia magna (85%) and Eisenia fetida (6.7%), the highest ratio was observed when heavy metal concentration in surface and soil was high. Calculated ecotoxicity index (EI) ranged 0.06-0.30 and the highest EI was observed in heavily polluted sites among 5 abandoned metal mines. Overall, ecological toxicity assessment is necessary to evaluate heavy metal pollution in agricultural fields near at the abandoned metal mines along with chemical concentration analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

Particle materials sink in bottom and dissolved inorganic substances release from sediment and many kinds of materials continuously exchange in sediment and water column as well as transfer and transformation in sediment. The study of sediment quality means the state of sediment pollution relation of the water quality, sediment biota, materials fluxes between sediment and water column, transformation of materials in sediment is being important in recent. The state of sediment quality imply that the history of water pollution for long time, because the sediment quality does not change temporally. The sediment quality of bottom water can be used as a good indicator of pollution at present and in future. The major index of sediment qualities are the content of nutrients and hazard materials such as metals, Ignition Loss (IL), Total Sulfur (TS), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), sediment COD, color, odor and the release of nutrients from sediment. However, there are some arguments between researchers about compare to estimation of sediment quality and sampling and analysis of sediment. In this study, I will introduce the method of sediment sampling, analyzing and estimating of the sediment pollution.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

This paper suggests a hierarchial method to select the target sites for the nonpoint source pollution management considering factors which reflect the interrelationships of significant outflow characteristics of nonpoint source pollution at given sites. The factors consist of land slope, delivery distance to the outlet, effective rainfall, impervious area ratio and soil loss. The weight of each factor was calculated by an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) algorithm and the resulting influencing index was defined from the sum of the product of each factor and its computed weight value. The higher index reflect the proposed target sites for nonpoint source pollution management. The proposed method was applied to the Baran HP#6 watershed, located southwest from Suwon city. The Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Source(AGNPS) model was also applied to identify sites contributing significantly to the nonpoint source pollution loads from the watershed. The spatial correlation between the two results for sites was analyzed using Moran's I values. The I values were $0.38{\sim}0.45$ for total nitrogen(T-N), and $0.15{\sim}0.22$ for total phosphorus(T-P), respectively. The results showed that two independent estimates for sites within the test water-shed were highly correlated, and that the proposed hierarchial method may be applied to select the target sites for nonpoint source pollution management.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2022

This study was conducted to assess the geochemical contamination degree of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in the soil and water samples from an abandoned gold mine. Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were carried out to assess the geochemical contamination degree of the soil samples. Variations of sulfate and heavy metals concentration in water samples were determined to identify the geochemical distribution with respect to the distance from the mine tailing dam. Geochemical pollution indices indicated significant contaminated with As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soil samples that areas close to the mine tailing dam, while, Sb showed similar indices in all soil samples. These results indicated that the As, Cd, Pb, and Zn dispersion has occurred via anthropogenic sources, such as mining activities. In terms of water samples, anomalies in the concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, and SO₄^2- was determined at specific area, in addition, the concentrations of the elements gradually decreased with distance. This result implies the heavy metals distribution in water has carried out by the weathering of sulfide minerals in the mine tailing and soil. The study area has been conducted the remediation of contaminated soil in the past, however, the geochemical dispersion of heavy metals was supposed to be occurred from the potential contamination source. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the soil and water is necessary after the completion of remediation.