• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of polysaccharide-based Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. S. pneumoniae vaccine was administrated subcutaneously each dose level of high (560 ${\mu}g$/rat), medium (280 ${\mu}g$/rat) and low (140 ${\mu}g$/rat) on days 0, 14, 28. The rats were observed for 2 weeks or 4 weeks after the final injection. During this test, there were no significant dose-dependent changes in body weight, water and food consumption. In urinalysis and serum chemistry, dose-related changes were not detected. In hematology, the percent of neutrophils and lymphocytes in white blood cells were changed significantly. According to the measurement of organ weight, only spleen weight was significantly increased in all groups of administration compared to the control group. In the histopathological examination, an antigen-deposit, vacuolated macrophages, infiltrated inflammatory cells and a formation of granulation tissue were observed at the site of an administration. These results are considered as an outcome by immune responses through a vaccination. Consequently, the results of this study demonstrated that S. pneumoniae vaccine has no toxicity when it was administrated subcutaneously three times in 2-week interval at a high dose of 560 ${\mu}g$/rat.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2002

GIS(Geographic Information System; 지리정보시스템)를 이용한 폐광지역의 지반침하 분석에 있어 효율적인 데이터베이스 구축 및 DBMS(Database Management System; 데이터베이스 관리시스템)의 이용이 요구된다. 이를 위해 폐광지역의 지반침하 분석에 있어 효율적인 분석이 가능하도록 그에 적합한 데이터 구조와 분석방법을 모색하였다. 지반침하 관리시 요구되는 갱도위치, 지하수위, 침하 실측치, 침하 균열 등과 같은 공간 정보에 대한 적합한 모델을 설정하고 데이터베이스를 구축하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.179-182
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• 1995

Although air, water, and noise pollutions have been widely recognized, electromagnetic forces(EMF) hazard has been rarely recognized as a pollution and very little studies has been done in this country. Thus, in this study electromagnetic forces radiated by various home appliances, once machines, and communication equipments were measured and so were several places radiating strong EMF such as subway stations and electric substations. Among the home appliances microwave oven senates lots of magnetic field and microwaves, and electric mattress does strong magnetic field. In video game room strong magnetic and considerable electric fields were measured. It was observed strong magnetic field inside of electric powered train and very strong magnetic and electric fields on some platforms. Hand-phone and car-phone radiate very hazardous level of microwaves to brain and that they rapidly come into wide use. In this study data base for various electric machines and places radiating strong EMFs were constructed and could be used for future epidemiological studies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

Classification and analysis are improved factors for the realtime automation system. In the field of agriculture, the cultivation of different paddy crop depends on the atmosphere and the soil nature. We need to analyze the moisture level in the area to predict the type of paddy that can be cultivated. For this process, Ensemble Modulation Pattern system and Block Probability Neural Network based classification models are used to analyze the moisture and temperature of land area. The dataset consists of the collections of moisture and temperature at various data samples for a land. The Ensemble Modulation Pattern based feature analysis method, the extract of the moisture and temperature in various day patterns are analyzed and framed as the pattern for given dataset. Then from that, an improved neural network architecture based on the block probability analysis are used to classify the data pattern to predict the class of paddy crop according to the features of dataset. From that classification result, the measurement of data represents the type of paddy according to the weather condition and other features. This type of classification model assists where to plant the crop and also prevents the damage to crop due to the excess of water or excess of temperature. The result analysis presents the comparison result of proposed work with the other state-of-art methods of data classification.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.978-983
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• 1999

Background: Complement activation with transpulmonary leukocyte sequestration is considered a main mediator leading to ischemia-reperfusion lung(I-R) injury. We studied the role of leukocytes in the formation of I-R injury in ovine cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) model with a membrane oxygenator. Material and Method: Five sheep were used. CPB circuitry consisted of a roller pump(American Optical Corp., Greenwich, CT, USA) and a membrane oxygenator(UNIVOX-IC, Bentley, Baxter Health Corp, Irvine, CA, USA). The CPB time was fixed at 120 min. Ten minutes after the start of CPB, total CPB was established. Thereafter a total CPB of 100 min was performed, followed by another 10 min of partial CPB. The CPB was discontinued and the animals were fully recovered. For measuring left and right atrial leukocyte counts, blood samples were taken before thoracotomy, 5 min and 109 in after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. C3a was measured before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. Plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) was checked before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. One to two grams of lung tissue were taken for water content measurement before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. Lung biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. Result: Of 5 animals, 4 survived the experimental procedures. Of these, 3 animals survived on a long-term basis. No significant differences in transpulmonary gradients of leukocyte were found and no significant complement activation was expressed by C3a levels. MDA level did not show significant changes related to lung reperfusion despite an increase after the start of CPB. On both light and electron microscopic examinations, mild to moderate acute lung change was observed. Interstitial edema, leakage of erythrocytes into the alveolar space and endothelial cell swelling were the main findings. Water content of the lung showed a slight increase after the start of CPB, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ischemia-repersusion lung injury may not be from complement activation-leukocyte sequestration but from another source of oxygen free radicals related to CPB.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent living condition improvements, changes in dietary habits, and reductions in physical activity are contributing to an increase in metabolic syndrome symptoms including diabetes and obesity. Through such societal developments, humankind is continuously exposed to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, and the number of the victims is increasing. This study investigated Cordyceps militaris water extract (CMW)-induced glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and the effect of CMW treatment on glucose metabolism. MATERIALS/METHODS: Colorimetric assay kits were used to determine the glucokinase (GK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities, glucose uptake, and glycogen content. Either RT-PCR or western blot analysis was performed for quantitation of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha ($HNF-1{\alpha}$), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, GK, PDH, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK-3{\beta}$) expression levels. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of acarbose and CMW were evaluated by absorbance measurement. RESULTS: CMW induced glucose uptake in HepG2 cells by increasing GLUT2 through $HNF-1{\alpha}$ expression stimulation. Glucose in the cells increased the CMW-induced phosphorylation of AMPK. In turn, glycolysis was stimulated, and glyconeogenesis was inhibited. Furthermore, by studying the mechanism of action of PI3k, Akt, and $GSK-3{\beta}$, and measuring glycogen content, the study confirmed that the glucose was stored in the liver as glycogen. Finally, CMW resulted in a higher level of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity than that from acarbose. CONCLUSION: CMW induced the uptake of glucose into HepG2 cells, as well, it induced metabolism of the absorbed glucose. It is concluded that CMW is a candidate or potential use in diabetes prevention and treatment.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 원자력 및 핵의학 분야용 Total RMS(Radiation Monitoring System)를 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 Stack Monitor, Area Monitor, Water(Liquid) Monitor 등을 하나의 시스템으로 확장 및 제어할 수 있는 장비로 각 방사선 검출기에서 측정된 신호를 통합 모니터링 할 수 있다. 제안하는 시스템은 해당 방사선을 검출하는 Sensor Module, 방사선 검출 위치에 인접한 곳에서 방사선량을 디스플레이 하는 Display Unit, 검출된 방사선량이 위험 수준에 도달시 경보를 알리는 Alarm Unit, 각 모니터링에서 측정된 방사선량들을 취합하고 저장하여 원격 감시 시스템에 내용을 전달하는 Main Hub, 원격지에서 측정된 방사선량 상태를 일목요연하게 디스플레이 하는 RMS Monitoring Unit 등으로 구성된다. 제안된 원자력 및 핵의학 분야용 Total RMS의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 공인시험기관에서 실험한 결과, 측정 불확도가 8.5%이하로 측정되어 국제 표준인 ${\pm}15%$ 이하에서 정상동작 됨이 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2002

Heavy metal concentration/distribution in sediments and bivalves from the tidal flats in Saemankeum coastal area, western Korea, were investigated, Among 6 sampling sites, S2, S5 and S6 showed the higher levels of Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd contamination and S1 did the higher level of Pb contamination than other sites, while S-4 showed the lowest levels of these metal contamination. Overally, the levels of Zn, Cu and Pb concentrations in Sinonovacula constricta were estimated to be relatively high. The shell lengths of the collected mussels were linearly related to their dry weights of the whole soft parts, but the mussels collected from S3 were in a poor nutrition, resulting in the distinctively high levels of metal concentrations in the body. It was shown that in S. constricta, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn are distributed equally into the whole soft parts or a little more into the flesh, after absorption, while Fe, Cd, Pb and Mn are transferred more into the non-flesh parts than into the flesh parts. In S. constricta, the heavy metal concentrations in the flesh increase with those in the whole soft parts. The bioaccumulation factors(heavy metal concentration in S. constricta/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined metals, Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. constricta, followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr, Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

USN 기술은 주변 환경과 주어진 상황에 대한 자동 인지를 통해 사용자에게 최적의 서비스를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 능동형 RF시스템을 개발하여 성능을 측정하고 수질센서와 일체형으로 결합함으로써 센서를 통해 얻어진 온도와 pH 정보를 사용하여 실내/외 환경변화를 감지하여 오염정도를 파악하도록 시스템을 구현하였다. 태그의 소형화를 위하여 내장형 Print-on-PCB 안테나를 장착하였다. 능동형 RFID 기능을 구현하기 위하여 TI사의 RF 트랜시버 CC2510 칩셋을 사용하였다. 실제 위치결정은 임의의 위치에 대해서 능동형 태그와 능동형 리더에 의해 얻어진 RSSI값을 사용하였다. Labview를 사용한 운용 프로그램으로 성능평가를 하여 오차를 구하였다. 10개의 임의의 위치에 대하여 측정을 한 결과 평균 X축 1.69m, Y축 1.66m의 오차를 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시스템은 물류, 환경오염 측정 또는 미아방지 등의 다양한 분야에 적용 가능하다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.965-973
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 산업용 가스전소자연순환보일러를 모델로 선정하여 이 모델에 영향을 주는 인자에 대하여 동적 해석을 하였다. 수위와 압력을 연결한 자연순환 보일러의 제어를 위한 총괄적인 블록 선도를 제시하였고, 이 선도를 토대로 전산프로 그램을 개발하고 계산치와 실제 측정치를 비교, 검토하여 이론 해석상의 모순이 없음 을 확증하였다. 연구결과를 산업용 자연순환 gas 보일러의 설계에 응용하도록 하여 보일러의 동특성을 제시하고 이것에 의한 전제어시스템의 신속하고 정확한 설계치를 제시하여 응용사용토록 하여 무엇보다도 전보일러시스템의 안전운전과 경제성(제작비 및 가동비)을 제고하는데 있다. 본 논문을 제1부, 제2부로 나누어 발표해야 하므로 제1부는 결론을 포함시키지 못하며 제2부에서 결론을 제시하겠으니 참조하여 주시기 바랍니다.