• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.303-312
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• 2022

The natural hydrology and geological conditions of Xintian County was investigated, the development law of regional karst fissures was studied, the groundwater was collected and tested through a large-scale collection of groundwater to obtain the change law of chemical characteristics and water quality characteristics of groundwater, and the water quality evaluation was carried out for the regional karst groundwater in this paper. The results show that, the whole area is dominated by carbonate rock distribution areas, and the distribution of water systems is relatively developed. The strata are distributed from the Lower Paleozoic Cambrian to the Cenozoic Quaternary, and contain multiple first-order folds. The regional karst dynamic action is strong, and many tunnels or caves of different scales were shown, which are conducive to the enrichment of groundwater. Karst groundwater is neutral and alkaline water, the water is clear and transparent with good taste, and meets the national drinking water hygiene standards. The content of toxic trace elements and fluoride in the water source is generally lower than the limit value specified by the national standard and the accumulated toxic heavy metals is never found. The overall water quality is of good quality and suitable for the development and utilization of various purposes.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.336-350
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• 2013

This paper proposes a mathematical modeling-based approach for assessing disaster effects and selecting suitable mitigation alternatives to provide humanitarian relief (HR) supplies, shelter, rescue services, and long-term services after a disaster event. Mitigation steps, such as arrangement of shelter and providing HR items (food, water, medicine, etc.) are the immediate requirements after a disaster. Since governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) providing humanitarian aid need to know the requirements of relief supplies and resources for collecting relief supplies, organizing and initiating mitigation steps, a quick assessment of the requirements is the precondition for effective disaster management. Based on satellite images from weather forecasting channels, an area/dimension of the disaster-affected zones and the extent of the overall damage may often be obtained. The proposed approach then estimates the requirements for HR supplies, supporting resources, and rescue services using the census and other government data. It then determines reliable transportation routes, optimum collection and distribution centers, alternatives for resource support, rescue services, and long-term help needed for the disaster-affected zones. A numerical example illustrates the applicability of the model in disaster mitigation planning.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.710-721
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prepare an environment that can provide high-quality 119 rescue services by analyzing the causes of casualties at the water rescue and suggesting improvement plans to prevent them. Method: 5 major cases were analyzed among firefighters' casualty accidents during rescue activities related to the water over the past 10 years for case study. And the causes of the accidents were analyzed in terms of 4 values (Man, Machine, Media, Management) through the 4M analysis technique. Result: ① man: the main causes are lack of awareness of on-site safety, etc ② machine: the problem of the absence of the equipment itself, etc ③ media: the lack of information on the rescue site and the poor rescue environment conditions, ④ management : the main causes were the absence and inadequacy of the response manual for each rescue site, Conclusion: ① man: knowledge of SOP and reinforcement of education and training, etc. ② machine: there are measures such as the introduction of equipment suitable for the changing rescue site, ③media: providing sufficient information about the rescue activity environment and conducting regular road training, ④ management: policy suggestions such as establishment and dissemination of on-site safety management plans and manuals were derived.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

This study is to reduce the rate of drowning accident by using of buoyancy bag. People are exposed to the high risk of drowning accident when they have water leisure activities due to the lack of safety mind-set and shortage of safety products. In case of drowning accident, the rescue action is normally depending on the other people's assistance. Therefore, rescue activities which relyn the people doesn't improve the ratio of survival in the drowning accidents. The submarine specialists should use the buoyancy products to rescue the people in the drowning accident. The citizen can carry portable buoyancy product in the automobile as well as by hands anywhere and anytime. It will be effective rescue tool to save his/her life in the emergency. In addition, it will contribute to rescue other's life because it can be used immediately. There are 3 positive characteristics on the buoyancy bag. First, it is convenience. Documents and other stuffs can be kept in the bag. Second is safety. The material of buoyancy is placed in the inner of the bag. It is possible to float the person whose weight is 90 kg. Lastly, it is durability. It can be used long-term because the outer of the bag is made of anti-water material and anti-water zipper. As a result of performance analysis, it is evident that the buoyancy bag can be used to rescue the people in the drowning accident as a indirect rescue tool compared with the current other rescue products. It is recommended that the design of outer box and performance of buoyancy are required to be improved in order to contribute more to rescue people in the accident.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.590-602
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to prevent asphyxiation of firefighters during confined space rescue. The specific purpose was to identify the magnitude of the problem, identify the cause of the accidents, and suggest measures to ensure safety of confined space rescues. Methods: We collected data from National Fallen Firefighters Memorial, press releases, and other sources In order to identify the current situation of asphyxiation incidents among firefighters from 1945 to 2019. In addition, an incident investigation was conducted for each case, and the processes, causes, and control measures of the incidents were described as a narrative data entry. Results: Over the past 73 years, eight incidents involving firefighter in Korea have occurred. In these incidents, five firefighters were killed, and eight were injured. The confined spaces incidents occurred were water supply tanks, wastewater treatment tanks, pickling pits, septic tanks, and more. The causes were three cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning, one of oxygen deficiency, one of carbon monoxide poisoning, and three unclassifiable asphyxiations. The people in need were all workers in various industries. Conclusions: The number of firefighters' deaths and injuries during rescues in confined spaces was severe and the risks have not been completely eliminated. By establishing and implementing a precise incident investigation system, according control measures should be initiatedin order to prevent a recurrence of the same type of disaster and reflected in the SOP. In particular, due to the high risk of occurrence at workplaces, cooperation between fire and rescue authority and relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the KOSHA should be strengthened.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2022

Minimization of human casualties in disaster situations is of paramount importance. In particular, if a marine disaster occurs, it can be directly connected to human casualties, so prompt action is needed. In the event of a marine disaster, the route and location of movement should be identified and life tubes should be used to float on the water. This paper designs and proposes an emergency IoT notification system that can quickly rescue drowning people. The maritime emergency IoT notification system consists of four main types. First, an emergency IoT device that detects the expansion of the life tube and delivers location and situation information to the emergency IoT notification server. Second, an emergency IoT web server that manages emergency information and provides notification. Third, a database server that stores and manages emergency IoT notification information. And finally, an emergency notification app that can receive and respond to emergency notification information. The emergency IoT device consists of a TPMS(Tube Pressure Monitoring System) device that checks the pressure value of the TPMS in real time and sends it to the IoT device, and an IoT device that sends the rescuer's voice information and emergency information to the emergency IoT server. Emergency information is delivered using the MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol, and voice information is delivered to the IoT server as HTTP FormData.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.141-149
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• 2006

Ubiquitous computing environment means the computing environment that has taken its position so closely with the ordinary living so much like air or water. In building up the U-Korea, one of the important issues is the social issue from the drasticincrease of senior population. The contemporary society has its distinct trend in increase of senior household following the nuclear family orientation, increase of working parents with the advancement of women in society, unable to support seniors for long distance or short distance of business trip and other reasons that the need of senior welfare has been ever more felt. Accordingly, the Ministry of Government Affairs and Home Administration has developed the wireless paging system to make prompt response system for 119 Rescue when the single senior is encountered with emergency situation that is has been widely provided for the socially neglected people such as single senior, the disabled persons and others. Currently, the wireless paging system is operated as the sub-system for emergency rescue informationsystem, but due to the lack of reliability of product, problems of terminal portable transmitter, receptor and others, rejection of beneficiary and lack of knowledge in use, insufficient management and supervision of managing officers, the efficiency has been declined that there is a need of development for the system. Therefore, this study proposes the context aware information structure of the subject of ubiquitous wireless paging system required forthe development of the wireless paging system model of ubiquitous environment that improved the problems of currently operated wireless paging system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

In general, life jackets are worn by people in critical situations on the water to rise to the surface without falling into water, and life jackets simply serve to prevent sinking, but do not actively help rescue disaster areas in critical situations early. In order to solve this problem, a device that automatically generates a distress signal in an emergency situation was developed. When the survivor is in hand for a while, the distress signal generator is automatically separated from the life jacket, allowing information such as location values and other information to be transmitted wirelessly and a rescue signal using LED light. As a result of the experiment, when submerged in water, the life jacket and the distress signal generator were automatically separated, and the result of wireless transmission of the coordinate value of the location received by the GPS was confirmed. By using this, the location of the distress or missing person can be identified, which can be quickly replaced in case of an emergency

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2015

This study aims to prepare countermeasures to prevent and minimize drowning accident in inland waters by examining the current status of inland water safety management in Korea and diagnosing the defects. The defects in current inland water safety management is analyzed in four aspects. First is the legal defect that includes the absence of legislation that directs the inland water safety management. Second is the instructional defect such as the absence of educational program for prevention of inland water accidents and lack of professional water rescue experts. Third is cooperation defect such as dispersed reporting system and lack of private-public partnership in accident response. Fourth is the defect of emergency response ability, professionalism and accident response skills due to the dispersion and overlaps of safety management systems. In order to improve these defects, this study finds the countermeasures based on the survey of water sports professions and users and its analysis as follows: legislation of '(tentatively named) special act for water safety management in inland waters' is suggested in the legal aspects. A development of inland waters safety education program and training of water accident experts are suggested in the instructional aspects. Integrated operational system for water accident management, activation of safety network and re-establishment of private-public partnership are suggested in the cooperation aspects. Systematic and efficient inland water safety management plans such as enhancement of accident response skills and expertise and integrated inland water safety management with fire department-centered system were suggested in the aspects of emergency response ability.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2010

Such as disaster rescue in deep water, undersea exploration and monitering for environmental pollution, many applications require the acoustic communication for high data rate over underwater acoustic channel. As underwater channel is very complex and is time-varying, conventional single carrier communication has good performance. In this paper, An adaptive OFDM system is analyzed for high data rate and reliability and rubust service over UWA channels. Through the adaptive system, we show threshold switching for an adaptive algorithm.