• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1154-1161
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• 2006

하수 및 상수 처리장에서 발생되는 탈수케이크의 감량화와 재활용 가능한 물질로 생산하기 위한 방안으로 공기건조장치를 구축하였다. 80 m/sec의 공기속도와 30 $m^3/min$의 공기유량, 그리고 공기온도 $40^{\circ}C$로 운전되는 공기건조장치에 함수율 80 wt%이상의 탈수 케이크를 공급하여 건조하였다. 공기 건조장치는 Air Ejector에 의한 고속유동장과 사이클론에 의한 선회 유동장으로 구성되어 있는데, 투입된 탈수 케이크는 선회 유동장에서 1차 파쇄되고 선회 유동장에서 입자간의 충돌효과에 의해 성형되어 최종 구형의 건조분말을 생산한다. 함수율 82.5 wt%인 하수슬러지를 1.0 kg/min의 양으로 탈수 케이크를 공급하여 평균 함수율 62.3 wt%, 평균 입경 2.4 mm인 건조분말을 회수하였다. 이때 수분제거율은 0.1 $H_2O{\Delta}kg/min{\cdot}DS$ kg, 공기소모량은 170 $m^3/DS$ kg로 분석되었다. 동일 조건에서 상수 슬러지를 공기건조하였을 때 함수율은 47.5 wt%로 감소하였으며 평균 입경은 2.1 mm 그리고 수분 제거율은 $H_2O{\Delta}kg/min{\cdot}DS$ kg으로 증가하였으며 공기소모량은 180 $m^3/DS\;kg$로 증가하였다. 즉 본 기술은 하수 슬러지에 비하여 상수 슬러지의 탈수 케이크를 건조할 때 효율적이며 열을 가하지 않고 공기만으로 건조하여 수분을 감량시키기 때문에 경제적인 슬러지 처리 방법으로 평가된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

Objectives of this study were to investigate influencing factors of detention time, particle size distribution, and filter medium characteristics for waterworks sludge dewatering. The stepped pressure filtration was carried out with lab scale apparatus and the filter press pilot test for dewatering was conducted at the water treatment plant. Effects of filter medium and polymer dose were examined through observing water content and dewatering velocity and cyclic dewatering rate with filter press pilot test. Relationships among detention time, particle size distribution and filtration resistance were analyzed. Prolongation of sludge detention time was found to cause blinding phenomenon in cake and filter medium and to decrease dewatering process efficiency. The average specific resistance increased according to detention time. In pilot test of dewatering for thickened sludge with Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% filter media, dewatering velocities were 0.92 and $0.93kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}hr$ according to 0.1% polymer dose of dried solids weight base. And cyclic dewatering rates were 2.45 and $2.50kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}cycle$ cycle for the Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% media. Dewatering velocity of polymer dosed sludge was observed to be higher than that of non-polymer sludge.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

The effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the reduction of waterworks sludge were investigated in this study. Sludge treated by peroxidation $H_2O_2$ oxidation) was dewatered using a pressure filter at 3atm. It was observed that $H_2O_2$ treatment at the acidic condition significantly reduce both cake water content and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), indicating the enhancement of dewaterability and filterability. The filterability by hydrogen peroxide treatment at pH 3.5 was better than acidic treatment and became comparable with polymer conditioning. The sludge filterability evaluated by SRF was optimal at a dose 2ml $H_2O_2$/sludge($0.02g\;H_2O_2/gTS$) after adjusting of pH to 3.5. The $H_2O_2$ oxidation at pH 3.5 also produced even more dewatered cake when compared with polymer conditioning. The reduction rate of sludge mass at an optimal condition showed 34% compared with untreated sludge. The effects of peroxidation on sludge properties including zeta potential, bound water and particle size were also evaluated. Peroxidation at the acidic condition reduced both bound water and zeta potential. By $H_2O_2$ combined with sulfuric acid leached iron caused Fenton's reaction, which showed a potential to significantly reduce the amount of solids mass and to produce more compact cake with higher filterability.

• 수도
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• 제23권5호통권80호
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• pp.82-86
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• 1996

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Air drying technology was developed as an equipment for reducing of moisture content from wastewater treatment and waterworks sludge cake and reproducing it by reusable matter. Advantage of cyclone type pneumatic dehydrator is simple and excellent drying performance. The air drying equipment was composed to the air ejector which made high-speed fluid field, and cyclone which made circling fluid field. Dewatered cake was crushed at the high-speed zone as first step, and formed with dried powder of sphere shape by the collision between particles at the circling fluid zone. In this study, a CFD analysis has been performed to predict air-sludge particles flow in cyclone and ejector of pneumatic dehydrator. The computational results showed typical Rankine vortex structure which was frequently found in swirling flow phenomena. And the conical type wedge in lower part of a cyclone prevented accumulation of the sludge particles in the cyclone. Therefore, this technology was effective in drying of dehydrated cake of waterworks sludge.

• 수도
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• 통권19호
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• pp.2-8
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• 1979

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

Water treatment processes produce sludges resulting from water clarification. Sludge production amount increases each year and its treatment and disposal is growing to social problems according to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfill site through the lime treatment. Compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ or more is recommended for soil cover material in municipal landfilling site. Compression and shear strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. Solidification effect of the modified sludge was observed through the scanning electron microscope. Extraction tests for hazardous components in sludges revealed that extraction levels of cadmium, copper, and lead were below the regulated criteria. When adding 10% calcium hydroxide to water treatment plant sludges, the modified sludges can reach material properties for cover soil after 28 days solidification reaction.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2000

Sludge production from water treatment plants is increasing each year because water resources deterioration is proceeding and water supply facilities are growing due to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfilling site through the lime treatment and other alternatives. The compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ is necessary for the dozer operation on soft son cover material at municipal landfilling site. Modified sludge was experimentally produced in this study with lime, bentonite, loess, and activated loess dosing. X-ray diffraction patterns of the limed water treatment plant sludge confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate and ettringite. Unconfined compression strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. When adding 20-30% activated loess to water treatment plant sludges. the modified sludges could reach the compression strength for cover soil after 7 days solidification reaction, but decrease of compression strength was intentioned in 28 days reaction period. Solidification effect of the modified sludge with activated loess was observed through the scanning electron microscope.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.407-411
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• 2011

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) wes enriched using sludge in wastewater treatment. The microbial community of activated sludge and enriched MFC were analyzed by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacteroidetes group were pre-dominant in activated sludge by FISH. ${\alpha}$ group, ${\gamma}$ group and Acintobacter group were dominant and they were similar to distribution. The average value of 10 peak of MFC is 0.44C. When MFC wase enriched by sludge, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Plantomycetes group increased 70% and 60%, respectively. In results of 16S rDNA sequencing, Sphiringomonas sp. was comprised in ${\alpha}$ proteobacteria and Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp. were comprised in ${\gamma}$ proteobacteria and Chryseobacterium sp. was comprised in Flavobacteria were isolated from sludge.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2008

Statistical analysis technique was applied to operating parameters and removal efficiency data sets obtained from advanced wastewater treatment plant during 1 year. Through factor analysis three factors derived varimax rotation were selected each plant. Three components explained 96%, 87% of the total variance of the process, respectively. The components on $A_2O$ Plant were identified in the following order : 1) Shortening the SRT during high-flow period, 2) Keeping biomass high on winter 3) factor was related to DO. On DNR plant, we defined them as follows: factor 1, Prolonged the SRT during high-flow period; factor 2 was related to sludge return; factor 3, Influent BOD during low-DO period. This technique was believed to assist operators in identifying priorities to improve operation efficiency.