• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.4 s.29
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

In this study, thirteen villages in Chonnam province were selected as case study sites and the spatial distribution of the facilities in the villages was examined to provide basic information fur the establishment of rural plans. According to the questionnaire survey, various problem such as environmental pollution, position, scene, management etc. was brought owing to cattle shed, and dissension was more or less seen by scale of facilities, management of facilities and waste, regional factor(stock farming management condition, life style and attitude of inhabitants) and topographical factor (height, position physical aspect of a mountain, distance with water resources etc.) etc.. The facilities could be classified into 6 types based on the their spatial locations: 1) Type 1, facilities located at the waterside; 2) Type 2, facilities located at the entrance of village; 3) Type 3 facilities, scattered in the residential area: 4) Type 4 facilities, collectivized in village; 5) Type 5 facilities, adjoining village; and 6) Type 6 facilities, scattered irregularly inside and outside of village. Based on the classification, possible implementations for the reduction of environmental impacts were suggested. The results of this study could be used as an example of study on the distribution, classification, and rearrangement of environment-impacting facilities in rural areas for improvement of their roles in providing amenity resources.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

As a reinforced fabric, asbestos has been utilized as a fire-resistant material as it has a superior flexural stiffness and heat resistance up to $1500^{\circ}C$. However, due to its harmfulness, its use has been prohibited recently and the even the installed asbestos materials are being repaired or supplemented if there is a concern about flying. Asbestos is mainly used for construction panels as a reinforced fabric and coating materials to ensure the fire-resistance of steel frames. Asbestos was used as fire-resistant materials for steel frames until 1991 and then prohibited as Act on Industrial Safety and Health limits the concentration of asbestos in the air. Classified as a designated waste according to Act on Waste Control, asbestos must be buried if there is no possibility of flying (panel-type materials) or cement-solidified and then buried if there is a possibility of flying (spray coating material) In general, it is required that a new waste landfill include a certain landfill facility for designated waste, but in reality there is an absolute storage of landfill facilities for designated waste as they only install facilities of the size required by the regulations. This could result in the 2nd environmental pollution as they cannot process asbestos wastes which will be generated in large volume in the future. This study explores a method that melts asbestos wastes at $700^{\circ}C$ rather than cement-solidifying the waste asbestos from construction sites, especially asbestos-containing spray coating. The study results showed that there was no change in the composition and shape even though asbestos wastes was melted at $1300^{\circ}C$, but there was a change for the specimen which was process in advance for low temperature melting and then melt at $900^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The integrated solid waste management for Seoul Metropolitan city can be established on the basis of the following hierarchy of priorities: 1. Efforts for source reduction should be propelled by both government and citizens to achieve the effects of resource conservation. The adequate production and consumption which are environmentally amenable and sustainable can be induced by the reasonable imposition of deposit money for waste treatment to one-time use products. To accomplish source reduction effectively, the induction of legal and institutional regulation of producer and consumer participation is requisite. 2. For resource recovery, wastes generated should be recycled as far as practicable. Community residents are responsible to separate discharge, the authorities concerned have responsibility of separate collection, and recycling industry should be assissted through tax reduction and financing. Resource separation facilities can be constructed at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site for wastes not separately collected due to some unavoidable circumstances. 3. Garbage should be composted. Garbage is uneconomical for incineration, because it has high moisture content and low calorie, thus there is no reason for the incineration of garbage even though garbage is classified into combustibles. Composting facilities can be located at sites which are not densely populated and easily accessible to transportation, for example, Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site. Compost produced can be managed by the authorities for the use of fertilizer to a green tract of suburban land and farms. 4. Nonhazardous combustible wastes not recyclable can be utilized for thermal recovery at the incinerators which are completely equipped with pollution control devices. According to the trend of local autonomy and the equity principle of local autonomous entities, incineration facilities of minimal capacity required can be constructed at each districts of Seoul Metropolitan city which have organized local assembly. In case of Yangcheon district, the economically combustible waste quantity is about 260 tons/day which exceeds 150 tons/day, the incineration capacity of existing facility. But, from now on, waste quantity can be reduced substantially by the intensive efforts of citizens for source reduction and recycling and the institutional support of administrative organizations. Especially, it is indispensable for the government to constitute institutional and technological bases that can recycle paper and plastics form 43% of waste generated. A good time for constructing of incineration facilities for municipal solid waste can be postponed to the time that pollution control technologies of domestic enterprises are fully developed to satisfy the standards of air pollution prevention, because the life expectancy of Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site is about 25 years. Within this period, institutional improvements and technological advancements can be attained, while the air qual. ity of Seoul Metropolitan city can be ameliorated to the level to afford incineration facilities. 5. For final disposal, incombustibles and ash are landfilled sanitarily at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.E
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

To help idntify the potential sources of volatile organic sulfur compounds within the continental environment, we have conducted preliminary measurements of dimethylsulfide(DMS) during field campains held from three reference sites. These sampling sites were located within a waste reclamation facility in Won Ju City, Kang Won Province. The results of our measurements showed that DMS levels spanned over 1 to 55 pptv with a mean and 1 standard deviation(1SD) of 12 and 18 pptv(N=13). In a comparison of the data derived from the strongest sources, i.e., oceanic environment, the DMS levels in thre reclamation facility were jpronouncingly low with high day-to-night concentration ratios. It was noted that a significant difference in DMS levels between daytime and nighttime periods was mainly driven by a few exceptional data measured during daytime. Despite limitations of our measurement data in deriving meaningful interpretations of spatiotemporal distributions of DMS in inland facilities, the existence of extraordinary trends, i.e., especially "lower-than-expectedL" DMS values, can be explained in terms of mixed effects of several factors. Most importantly, we can infer that the rates of DMS production and of its destruction in the study site are at or near steady-state condition. Another possibility is that DMS is not adequate enough to explain the generally malordorous environment of reclamation sites, of particular in Won Ju area.n Ju area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2004

For the safe management of nuclear facilities, including a radioactive waste repository, data about the facility site and the surrounding environment must be collected and managed systematically. This is particularly true for a radwaste repository, which has to be institutionally controlled for a long period after closure. The objectives of this study are (1) to establish a systematical management plan for information about a radwaste repository site and its environment, and (2) to design a database management program for this information, based on the Relative Database Management System (RDBMS). The spatial data are designed by the geodatabase, which is a new object, based on the RDBMS, to manage spatial information related to the database. To meet this requirement, a new program called 'Site Information and Total Environmental data management System (SITES)' is being developed. The scope that produced from the first step of the present study for development of the SITES is introduced. The database is designed to combine spatial and attribute data, and is designed for the establishment of the Geographic Information System (GIS). The hardware and software systems are designed with consideration given to the total data management of the items within the radioactive environment.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

In this study, we intend to present the uncontrolled landfill maintenance plans by diversely reviewing the operating conditions of landfill and environmental effects and economical issues resulted from the operation of landfill for the purpose of suggesting the optimal maintenance plans applicable to the uncontrolled landfill and unused landfill located in Korea. We perform the basic and precise surveys against three landfill sites showing the biggest problem out of 8 unsanitary landfills sites located in Y County. We compare and review the treatment plans prepared and operated by the N Landfill. The compared and reviewed results show that the local stabilization plan is more effective than the excavation and transfer treatment plan when considering the economic efficiency only. However, the excavation and transfer treatment plan is valid when considering the diverse elements. The G Landfill is operated with separated into living waste landfill section and construction waste landfill section. However, some landfill gas collection bores or holes are installed in its living waste landfill section, which has not been used for about 20 years, as a part of follow-up control. The element causing the environmental damage is considerably reduced in its living waste landfill section. However, the effort to keep the follow-up control through the local stabilization work is required. The landfill is under processing in the construction waste landfill section. However, most of buried wastes are the inorganic wastes such as waste materials and concrete, so the maintenance plan focused on the use of top land by installing the local stabilization facilities is considered as an effective plan. The landfill is under processing in the K Landfill. It seems to be difficult to maintain this landfill through the local stabilization. The excavation and transfer treatment plan to completely remove the potential environmental pollution source is considered as the valid plan.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The numerical analysis of groundwater flow is indispensable for predicting problems associated with water resource development, civil works, environmental hazards, and nuclear power plant construction. Korea lacks public regulatory procedures and guidelines for groundwater flow modeling, especially in nuclear facility sites, which makes adequate evaluation difficult. Feasible step-by-step guidelines are also unavailable. Consequently, reports on groundwater flow modeling have low-grade quality and often present controversial opinions. Additionally, without public guidelines, maintaining consistency in reviewing reports and enforcing laws is more challenging. In this study, the guidelines for groundwater flow modeling were reviewed for three countries - the United States (Documenting Groundwater Modeling at Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Substances), Canada (Guidelines for Groundwater Modelling to Assess Impacts of Proposed Natural Resource Development Activities), and Australia (Australian Groundwater Modelling Guidelines), with the aim of developing groundwater flow modeling regulatory guidelines that can be applied to nuclear facilities in Korea, in accordance with the Groundwater Act, Environmental Impact Assessment Act, and the Nuclear Safety Act.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

With the economic development of Korea, sewage treatment facilities and waste food treatment facilities have been steadily increased. These facilities have positive effects such as the conservation of the water resources quality and waste food recycling while they also affect the neighborhood life with severe odor problems. Therefore, it was first collected sludge samples from 5 sewage treatment facilities and 5 waste food treatment facilities where the amounts of waste produced from above sites are relatively immense in Busan and estimate the $H_2S$ emission rates. Then it was selected 1 sample which has the highest emission rate of $H_2S$. Using flux chamber and GC/FPD analyses, it was tried to quantify the emitted amount of sulfonic gas concentration under anoxic condition. The sludge sample obtained from Noksan sewage treatment facility has the highest emission rate of $H_2S$. This sample contained 156.18 mg/kg $H_2S$. The odor compounds were analyzed using GC/FPD and the concentrations were converted to odor quotient. Among odor compounds the ratio of $CH_3SH$ (methylmercaptan) for the total odor quotient was 47.3% and considered to be the main odor compound in the sample.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2012

For the last decade the amount of waste has rapidly been increased in South Korea and many waste landfills have been built according to government guidelines specifying required systems such as landfill liner, leachate collecting facilities, final cover system, etc. This effort has led the recently constructed landfills to be under well managed sanitary condition. In a meanwhile closed waste-landfill sites in the past before the adoption of the government guidelines exits under unsanitary condition. In these cases untreated leachate flew out to the surroundings due to the absence of liner and leachate collecting facilities and caused groundwater and soils to be contaminated. Waste generated odor and gas also brought civil complaints. Because environmental influences bring serious problems nearby sites, it is required to have unsanitary waste-landfills to be appropriately treated and managed. A study to evaluate environmental influence and contamination level of surroundings nearby and on the unsanitary landfills is necessary before the establishment of "Management guide of closed landfill site." This paper presents an environmental evaluation for the closed site, Doil-dong landfill, according to "Closed landfill management regulation" by Ministry of Environment. "D" landfill, located in Pyeongtaek city, has possobility to contaminate surrounding surfacewater and groundwater by leakage of leachate. The in-situ stabilization carried out to build the DMW(deep soil mixing cutoff wall) wall and drainage systems.