• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to improve sustainable clothes care by comparing household washer's standard course and quick course. Detergency at each course was classified by laundry weight, detergent concentration, and soils. Also, fabric damage from each course was compared. Washing experiments were carried out using two types of washing machines and three types of detergents. Using the standard soiled fabrics of EMPA 108 set, detergency was compared by laundry weight, soil, and detergent concentration. Additionally, fabric damage was evaluated using the mechanical action of MA-40. The results of the research were as follows. First, a standard course, having more working time exhibited better detergency than a quick course. However, the detergency deviation under 6kg laundry weight was as low as 9.0%. Second, detergency by the type of soil was more effective in standard course than in a quick course, but hydrophilic protein soils had a small detergency deviation at 7.6%. Moreover, hydrophobic oil, complex, and particulate soils had a higher deviation at 19.7% Third, fabric damage was in proportion to operating time. Fourth, a quick course showed approximately 80% detergency regardless of the type of detergent. in the case of using 50% of the recommended allowance by the detergent manufacturer. In conclusion, reducing the operating washing time and detergent concentration is in accordance with increasing sustainability, in the case of washing with lightly soiled fabrics under 6kg of laundry weight.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effect of washing with water and detergent on the vitamin C content in strawberry and perilla leaf. Vitamin C was extracted with the solution of metaphosphoric acid and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). There was no significant difference of vitamin C content between the washing with distilled water and tap water. Three available detergents reduced the vitamin C content of samples to 92.5%, 92.2% and 78.5%, respectively. The content of vitamin C in samples was decreased by increasing the concentration of detergent and washing time.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권30호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

The objective of experimental study is to apply simultaneous measurement by PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)to high_speed flow characteristics within Ginseng washing machine. Three different kinds of flow rate(15,20,27 $\ell$/min)are selected as experimental conditions. Optimized cross correlation identification to obtain velocity vectors is implemented by direct calculation of correlation coefficients. Instantaneous velocity distribution, time-mean velocity distribution and velocity profiles are represented quantitatively at the full-scale region for the deeper understanding of the flow characteristics in Ginseng washing machine.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1659-1668
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19 확산 속에서 손 씻기 교육 프로그램 적용이 지적장애 아동들의 손 씻기 빈도와 방법에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 연구대상은 지적장애 아동 14명이며, 시각적 영상 자료를 활용한 손 씻기 교육에 참여하였다. 손 씻기 교육 프로그램은 소개, 이론교육, 실습으로 구성되었으며, 매주 2회로 16회기, 총 8주간 실시하였다. 손 씻기 이론교육은 손 씻기 중요성과 적응증, 올바른 손 씻기 단계와 방법, 손 씻기 도구 사용방법, 그리고 손 소독제 특성을 포함한 손 소독제 사용방법, 손 씻기로 인한 피부 손상 예방으로 구성되었다. 손 씻기 평가는 손 씻기 빈도와 방법 관찰 기록지를 활용하여 실시되었다. 손 씻기 빈도는 일상생활의 일과 중에서 손을 씻는 빈도를 평가하였으며, 일별, 월별 빈도를 분석하였다. 손 씻는 방법은 손 씻는 도구사용, 시간, 부위, 손 씻은 후 건조방법으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 손 씻기 교육 프로그램 적용 후 대상자들의 손 씻는 빈도가 증가하였고, 손 씻는 방법도 향상되었다. 코로나-19 확산 속에서 적극적인 감염예방 방법으로 손 씻기는 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구결과를 토대로, 지적장애 아동들의 손 씻기 빈도를 증가시키고, 손 씻기 방법을 향상시키기 위해서 손 씩기 교육의 적용을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2000

A study on the removal of Pb ion from Pb-contaminated soil was carried out using ex-site extraction process. Tartaric acid (TA) and iminodiacetic acid sodium salt(IDA) as a washing agent were evaluated as a function of concentration reaction time mixing ratio of washing agent and recycling of washing agent. TA showed a better extraction performance than IDA. The optimum washing condition of TA and IDA were in the ratio of 1:15 and 1:20 between soil and acid solution during 1 hr reaction. The total concentrations of Pb ion by TA and IDA at three repeated extraction were 368.8 ppm and 267.5 ppm respectively. The recovery of Pb ion from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide form the precipitation of lead hydroxide and lead sulfide and optimum amounts of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide were 7 g/$\ell$ for the TA washing solution and 4 g/$\ell$, 5g/$\ell$ for the IDA washing solution respectively. The efficiency of recycle for TA and IDA washing solution were 78.8% , 95.1%, and 89.2%, 96.6% at third extractions under $Na_2S$ and $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2012

중금속 및 유류 오염토양 정화를 위해 효율적인 토양세척법과 공정 선정을 목적으로 최적의 오염정화 설계인자를 제시하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 분석항목은 구리, 납, 아연을 포함하는 중금속 항목과 총석유계탄화수소(TPH)인 유류 항목에 대해 흡광광도법(absorptiometric analysis), 기체크로마토그래피(gas chromatography)법을 이용하여 단계별로 분석하였다. 실험방법은 최적 세척용매(washing solution) 결정시험, 최적 세척시간(washing time) 도출시험, 최적 진탕비(dilution ratio) 결정시험 등을 통해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 계면활성제(surfactant) 첨가량별 중금속 용출영향 분석시험, 미생물 및 과산화수소 주입시험 순으로 실시하였다. 실험결과에서 세척용매인 염산 0.1 mole, 체류시간 1시간, 진탕비 1 : 3 조건에서 오염물질의 저감효과가 우수하게 나타났으며, 이들 조건을 적용하였을 때 1%의 계면활성제를 세척 용매에 첨가하였을 경우 추가적인 오염물질의 농도저감 효과를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 미생물과 과산화수소 주입에 따른 추가적인 TPH 농도 저감이 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.300-303
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• 1999

For the fast dry of the aqueous tape, the process which water was replaced by organic solvent was proposed. So-called, it was the solvent washing dry, Three organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) were selected for the washing solvent. The weight loss of the washed tapes was measured to evaluate the dry rate of the tapes and dried tapes were examined the generation of the cracks with the variations of the organic solvent and the washing time. Methanol, ethanol, and acetone were all available organic solvents for this method. The tapes washed in methanol, ethanol, and acetone were dried rapidly for twenty minutes. After thirty minutes, the weight losses were not any more. The solvent of the lower surface tension can decreases the crack of dried tape. If solvent substitutes water completely, though it was fast dried, crack can be eliminated. The tape casting system was designed for the solvent washing dry and prepared. An homogeneous tape was established by continuous tape casting process.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-179
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was done to evaluate the attitude and practice of hand-washing by student nurses. Method: The subjects of the study were 463 senior and junior undergraduate student nurses and RN-BSN students. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers Data were collected from Oct. 16 to Dec. 20. 2001. and analysed by SPSS/WIN. General characteristics. attitude and practice were analyzed by frequency and percentage and differences in attitude and practice according to grade and practice setting were analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test or ANOVA. Result: 1) The mean frequency of hand-washing was 6.63. Senior students washed more frequently than junior students. 2) The reasons for non-compliance were 'not being accustomed', 'forgetting', and 'not accessible'. 3) The mean time for hand-washing was 23.79 sec., less than the stated appropriate time of 42 18 sec. 4) 90% of the students washed their hands 'after contacting excretions and contaminated items' and few washed 'before giving care to the client'. 5) Most students washed hands rotationally rubbing with soap and water. 6) While washing, they removed their rings more often than their watches. 7) Soap bar (52.8%) and paper towel (69.6%) were most frequently used as decontaminating agent and drying method, but detergent solution (74.2%) and paper towels (60%) were considered as the most appropriate agent and method. 8) Hand-washing was perceived important generally 'to protect from cross-infection'. 'to protect one-self' and 'the most cost effective'. 9) All students responded nurses should practice 'hand-washing.'

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Various infectious diseases have threatened swine industries in Korea. One of the major risk factors of disease spread is livestock transport vehicle. For this reason, all abattoirs are required by law to have vehicle washing and disinfection facilities. However, detailed guidelines for cleaning and disinfection procedures were not provided. So in this study, assessment by visual observation was conducted to evaluate how well the cleaning and disinfection procedures of livestock transport vehicles have been performed in four different abattoirs in Jeonbuk, Korea. The observation included length of car washing time, the number of washing bay, type of washperson, type of disinfectant application, length of disinfection time, and compliance of driver's hygienic procedure. Every vehicle in all abattoirs conducted washing and disinfection procedure. However, there were procedural differences for each abattoirs and defects in the washing and disinfection procedures. In addition to that, the compliance of driver's hygienic procedure was not sufficient. Hence, detailed manuals on washing and disinfection procedures for involved people are required and it is necessary to establish an inspection and evaluation system.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

Functional properties are available with sputtering. But sputtering treatment alone cannot got a good fastness performance to washing, rubbing and light. This research was objected to investigate optimum condition by sputtering on polyester through various processing conditions such as ion current and treatment time, and then various resin treated onto metal coated polyester fabrics in order to increase washing fastness of metal membrane. As the results, the optimum conditions revealed 1500 mA of ion current, 2 min of treatment time in sputter, and suitable resin concentrations were 2% of o.w.s (on the weight of solution) in resin treatment. Therefore, we could get enhanced anti-static effect and flex stiffness as well as washing fastness in sputtered polyester fabric with various resin treatment, for example, melamine and polyurethane.