• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2003

Chlamydospore formation from mycelia and conidia of Cylindrocarpon destructans isolated from the root rot lesion of the Panax ginseng was investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. Typical chlamydospores were formed only from hyphae but not from conidia on culture media. However, immature chlamydopspore-like cells were formed from microconidia after 12 days of incubation at 20$^{\circ}C$ on Czapek Dox broth (CDB) adjusted to pH 4.0. Chlamydospores were yellowish or reddish brown in color, and produced singly or in chain with the hyphal intercalary or terminal position on potato-dextrose agar, V-8 juice agar and CDB with no addition of nitrogen sources after 16∼20 days of incubation at 20$^{\circ}C$. They were 11.3 to 11.9 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter, having many lumps-like warts on their surface with the length of 1.5 to 1.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

The study, with regard to unsymmetrically inclined backfilled wall, was intended to estimate the lateral earth pressure, develop the equation for lateral earth pressure and eventually identify the mutual behavior, based on the modified Kellogg theory, while changing the width between the walls, wall angle, relative density and wall friction angle. To verify the geostatic pressure obtained from the study, the results in the wake of 62 kinds of model tests performed were compared and evaluated with the behaviors based on theoretical equations. As a result, the wall inclination angle was found to be the factors affecting the earth pressure the most, when both walls were inclined unsymmetrically. And the narrower the backfill space and the larger the wall inclination angle to the horizontal level, the greater the effect of the wall friction. The equation considering the wall friction reaction indicated the value, which was closer to the actually-measured earth pressure, and when the width between the warts was narrow, the arching effect appeared to be great, thereby indicating the difference between the measured earth pressure, theoretically calculated earth pressure and the geostatic pressure proved to be insignificant.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.52
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• pp.331.1-331.17
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• 2018

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is associated with the development of cervical cancer. The purpose of this report is to provide the literature evidences on selecting the HPV vaccine for national immunization program (NIP) in Korea. To complete these tasks, we reviewed domestic and foreign literature on the current status of HPV infection, efficacy and effectiveness of HPV vaccine, safety of vaccine and cost effectiveness analysis of vaccination business. Given that the median age of first sexual intercourse is continuing to fall, this may have serious implications for HPV infection and cervical cancer incidence at the age of 20s. The World Health Organization recommends that the HPV vaccination should be included in the NIP being implemented in each country. Both the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines have a 90% or greater preventive efficacy on cervical intraepithelial lesion 2-3 and cervical cancer by the HPV 16 or HPV 18. In the future, if HPV vaccination rate as part of NIP increases, it is expected that the incidence of HPV infection, genital warts, and cervical precancerous lesions will be decreased in the vaccination age group. Therefore, in order to increase the HPV vaccination rate at this point in Korea, social consensus and efforts such as the introduction and promotion of HPV vaccine to the NIP according to appropriate cost-effectiveness analysis are required.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2021

Background and objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and is responsible for multiple clinical outcomes, including genital warts and cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the well established burden of HPV on both men and women, vaccine uptake among men is critically low in Korea. A preliminary step to combat this issue is to target parents of male adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to assess any change observed in parents' HPV knowledge and attitudes towards male HPV and subsequent willingness to vaccinate their sons following an HPV educational intervention. Methods: On November 14, 2020, a one-time HPV educational session was conducted and parents (n=136) completed self-administered pre-/post-test questionnaires that included previously validated survey items. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate change in HPV-related knowledge, attitudes and intent for HPV vaccination. Results: Following the intervention, participants reported increased scores in HPV and vaccine related knowledge by approximately 4 and 1.5 points, respectively (p<.001). Parents scored higher on perceived benefits of the vaccine, perceived social influence on vaccination decision and perceived severity of diseases caused by HPV infections, whereas lower scores were observed for perceived harm of the vaccine, and difficulties communicating with their sons about sex and HPV vaccination. Following the intervention, those without the intent to vaccinate their sons significantly decreased and those who intended to vaccinate their sons though not in the next six months significantly increased (χ2=33.045, p<.001) Conclusion: Our educational intervention resulted in an increase in HPV-related knowledge with a positive impact on parents' attitudes toward male HPV vaccination. We expect that this study can serve as a pivotal reference to promote the unexplored issue of HPV vaccination among male adolescents in Korea.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

The skin is the body's first line of defense against external infection. When a skin disease strikes, the skin's protective role is compromised, necessitating quick diagnosis and treatment. Recently, as artificial intelligence has advanced, research for technical applications has been done in a variety of sectors, including dermatology, to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and obtain quick treatment using artificial intelligence. Although previous studies have diagnosed skin diseases with low incidence, this paper proposes a method to classify common illnesses such as warts and corns using a convolutional neural network. The data set used consists of 3 classes and 2,515 images, but there is a problem of lack of training data and class imbalance. We analyzed the performance using a deep metric loss function and a cross-entropy loss function to train the model. When comparing that in terms of accuracy, recall, F1 score, and accuracy, the former performed better.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.6.1-6
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• 1982

Papilloma is the common benign tumor of the larynx and the incidence of its malignant change was variable. The authors recently experienced 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx which were considered to be transformed from laryngeal papilloma. Case 1. A 58 year old male patient visited O.P.D. of Department of Otolaryngology of Busan National University Hospital, because of hoarseness for 3 years on May 13th, 1980. At that time, local finding of indirect laryngoscopy revealed whitish hypertrophic papillomatous mass on both vocal cords and anterior commissure, and dirty gray white pseudomembrane on left aryepiglottic fold, and the result of biopsy was squamous cell papilloma. So the laryngeal papilloma was removed under suspension laryngoscopy and then he had no specific treatment in spite of being recommended 5-FU topical spray. On March 5th, 1981, he visited O.P.D. again because of progressive exacerbation of hoarseness with mild dyspnea and histopathological finding was revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Seven days later from that day, he visited emergency room due to severe dyspnea, and emergency tracheostomy was performed on sitting position. On April 7th 1981, total laryngectomy was performed successfully and postoperative irradiation therapy was recommended. Case 2. A 47 year old male patient visited our O.P.D. because of hoarseness for 5 years on Sep. 27, 1978. At that time, local finding of indirect laryngoscopy revealed papillomatous mass on left vocal cord and left ventricle and result of biopsy was squamous cell papilloma. So he had been treated with 11 times removal of papilloma, topical spray of 5-Fu and estrogen for 3 years, but the papilloma had been recurred. On Sep. 9th, 1981, he visited O.P.D. because of severe dyspnea and emergency tracheostomy and biopsy was performed. The result of biopsy was squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and total laryngectomy was performed successfully.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.575-578
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• 2017

Here we describe the histological lesion of a viral fibro-papilloma in a hedgehog. After surgical removal from maxilla, the solitary swollen mass was round to oval, yellowish with rough surface and measuring $6{\times}3{\times}2mm$ approximately. The tumor mass was submitted to the laboratory of pathology, college of veterinary medicine, Kyungpook National University for pathological diagnosis. Pathological examination of the tumor was established, the tumor was described grossly and sample was trimmed, sectioned and routinely prepared for histopathological evaluation. The tumor mass was diagnosed as viral fibro-papilloma, as the histological picture showed characteristic features of warts caused by papillomaviruses. The tumor characterized by thickening of the stratum spinosum (acanthosis) and basale, koilocytosis, intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in keratinocytes and fibrosis of submucosa. Further, viral inclusion bodies were demonstrated by Machiavello stain giving red color to the nuclei. No lymphocytes that responsible for regression of the wart could be detected, suggesting the poor possibility of spontaneous regression of the tumor. Papillomatosis is a disease of young animals, but in our case the infected Hedgehog was 5 years old, that maybe due to an impaired immune system, which is also shown by absence of lymphocytes. To the best knowledge of the author, this case presents the first report of viral fibropapillomatosis in Hedgehog.