• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1999

광 패키징에서 광섬유와 광전자소자를 정확히 정렬하기 위한 V-groove의 치수 정밀도에 미치는 마스크 재료와 에칭용액의 영향을 연구하였다. PECVD nitride, LPCVD nitride, thermal oxide($SiO_2$)를 마스크재료로 사용하였고 실리콘을 이방성에칭하는 용액으로 KOH(40wt%)용액과 KOH(40wt%)용액에 IPA를 첨가한 용액을 이용하였다. 마스크재료로는 LPCVD nitride가 가장 좋은 선택적에칭특성을 나타내었으며 사용된 마스크재료 중 thermal oxide가 가장 빠른 속도로 에칭되었다. V-groove의 크기 증가는 마스크충 아래로의 undercutting에 의해 생겼는데 이는 주로 (111)면으로의 에칭 때문이었다. KOH(40wt%)용액에서 (111)면의 에칭속도는 0.034 - 0.037 $\mu\textrm{m}$/min로 마스크재료에 관계없이 거의 일정하였다. IPA를 KOH(40wt%)용액에 첨가하면 (100)면과 (111)면의 에칭속도는 모두 감소하지만 (111)면에 대한 (100)면의 에칭속도비는 증가하였다. 그러므로 이런 용액에서 (111)면으로의 에칭에 의한 undercutting현상은 줄어들었으며 V-groove의 크기를 더 정확하게 조절할 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

To examine the effects of two endophytic algae, Mikrosyphar zosterae (brown alga) and Ulvella ramosa (green alga), on the host Chondrus ocellatus (red alga), culture experiments were conducted. Four treatments were made: endophyte-free (Chondrus only), endophyte-M (Chondrus + Mikrosyphar), endophyte-U (Chondrus + Ulvella), and endophytes-M U (Chondrus + Mikrosyphar + Ulvella). After 3 weeks, the relative growth rates (RGRs) of frond lengths and the number of newly formed bladelets were examined. M. zosterae formed wart-like dots on C. ocellatus fronds, whereas U. ramosa made dark spots. The RGRs of frond lengths of C. ocellatus were significantly greater in the endophyte-free and endophyte-M treatment groups than in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M U treatment groups, indicating that the growth of host C. ocellatus was inhibited more by the green endophyte U. ramosa than the brown endophyte M. zosterae. The number of newly produced bladelets was greater in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M U groups than in the endophyte-free and endophyte-M treatment groups. These results indicate that the two endophytes inhibit growth of the host C. ocellatus. The negative effects of U. ramosa on C. ocellatus growth were more severe than those caused by M. zosterae. Furthermore, U. ramosa destroyed the apical meristems of C. ocellatus, whereas M. zosterae did not. On the other hand, C. ocellatus showed compensatory growth in the form of lateral branch production as U. ramosa attacked its apical meristems.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean Medicine treatment mainly withGwakhyanjeonggisangamibangand moxibustion on Verruca Vulgaris. Methods : All the patients were treated with herbal formula, including Gwakhyanjeonggisangamibangand moxibustion on wart lesions. Additional treatments such as acupuncture and cupping therapy applied selectively to patients. Photographs of lesions were used to evaluate the changes in symptoms. Results : Judging by photographs, most of patients' lesions were disappeared after the treatments in all cases. Depending on the severity and duration of the symptoms, the treatment period were different in each case: about 3 weeks, 19 weeks, and 30 weeks, respectively. Conclusions : This study shows thatGwakhyanjeonggisangamibangand moxibustion combined with other Korean Medicine treatments was effective to treat Verruca Vulgaris.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2011

The distribution of arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans (AGXs) and O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) in warts and the warty layer of tracheids in normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated. Under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observation, warts and the warty layer of delignified NW and CW tracheids were degraded by xylanase treatment, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain high amounts of AGXs. However, the effect of xylanase was not observed in NW and CW tracheids before delignification, suggesting that AGXs in warts and the warty layer may be encrusted with lignin. After ${\beta}$-mannanase treatment, no noticeable changes were observed in warts and the warty layer of NW tracheids, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain either no or very few GGMs. Similar results to FE-SEM observations were also observed with immunogold labeling. AGX labeling was observed in warts and the warty layer of NW and CW tracheids, while GGM labeling was not detected. NW tracheids showed a much stronger density of AGX labeling than did CW tracheids in warts and the warty layer, indicating differences in the chemical compositions of warts and the warty layer between NW and CW tracheids.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.269-288
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• 1996

Coicis Semen is one of the oriental medicine that has been used for the treatment of the diseases such as pulmonary abscess, periappendicular abscess and wart since ancient times. However, the mechanism of the action of the drug is not well studied. This study was done to investigate the effects of Coicis Semen on the host defence mechanism. Effects of Coicis Semen on the immune responses were analysed by measuring the contact hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin, hemolysin and rosette formation, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen intermidiates production. As the results, water extract of Coicis Semen administration enhanced the antibodies (hemagglutinin and hemolysin) formation and the appearance of rosette forming cells of the spleen. Also Coicis Semen increased the allogeneic immune response in the mouse, showed cytotoxic activity against human leukemia cell line(K562) and decreased the contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflurobenzene. Also administration of Coicis Senlen slightly increased NK cell activity and enhanced the production of such reactive oxygen intermediates as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from the macrophages in vivo and in vitro. The above results demonstrate that Coicis Semen has enhancing effects on cellular and humoral immune responses against disease.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1984

A total of 466 foremilk from dairy farms in Chonnam district was examined for the subclinical mastitis over a period of one year, using a method of the electrical conductivities(EC); absolute conductivity(AC) and differential conductivity(DC) and quarter difference value(QD), in relation to the California mastitis test(CMT) and the direct somatic cell count(DSCC). The compatibility and efficiency rating between the EC values and the other screening tests was conducted. Obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. A linear relationship was found between the EC values and the CMT scores and direct somatic cell counts and it was found that electrical conductivity measurements were comparable with other screening tests for diagnosing animals with mastitis. 2. Compatibilities between the EC and CMT were 70.4% in AC, 74.6% in DC and 70.7% in QD, and that of the EC and DSCC were 53.0% in AC, 63.1% in DC and 53.2% in QD. On the other hand, relative efficiency ratings of Postle's equation between EC and CMT were 37.3% in AC, 26.5% in DC and 13.6% in QD, and that of the EC and DSCC were 33.1% in AC, 20.2% in DC and 11.9% in QD. 3. In the foremilk samples collected from damaged quarters determined by EC, the false positive rate wart higher than the false negative rate, and consequently tests of EC produced lower compatibility or efficiency rating scores. These tendencies suggested that any factors other than the mastitic condition influencing the EC values might be existed.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effects of Mahaengeuigam-tang and Trichloroacetic acid(TCA) on hand warts. Exfoliation, such as TCA is a method developed from traditional medicine and used to treat hyperkeratosis skin in this patient. Methods : A patient with Verruca Vulgaris was treated with herbal medicine, including Mahaengeuigam-tang and application of TCA on wart lesions. Changes in lesions were evaluated by photographs. Results : After 3 months of treatment, The patient's lesions showed complete clearance. There are no adverse effects and no relapse of Verruca Vulgaris after 57 days of last treatment. Conclusions : According to the result, Mahaengeuigam-tang and External treatment such as TCA developed from traditional medicine can be effective for Verruca Vulgaris.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2004

현대사회는 정보화 사회로 모든 사람들이 빠르고 정확한 정보를 필요로 하고 있으며 이러한 정보를 신속히 받아들여 생활에 활용하기를 원한다. 또한 현실의 한정된 공간과 시간에 구애받지 않고 보다 자유로이 상상의 세계를 현실과 같이 경험하고자 한다. 디자인은 '무'에서 '유'를 만들어내는 창조적인 행위로써 '가상'(Virtual)적인 의미를 내포하고 있다. 따라서 디자인은 상상 속에 존재하는 형태나 이미지를 실제로 재현하기 위한 '가상의 현실화'(Reality of Virtuality)작업이라 말할 수 있다. 디자인 분야는 과거로부터 현재까지 컴퓨터 응용 방법들이 많이 활용되었다. 컴퓨터의 발전과 함께 디자인 과정 또한 시간적으로나 방법적으로 간편화되었고 또한 효율적으로 발전하였는데 이러한 의미에서 컴퓨터는 디자인에 지대한 영향을 미치는 하드웨어임에는 틀림이 없다. 이번 연구는 환경디자인(Environmental Design)에 적용되고 있는 컴퓨터 활용 방법에 대해 알아보고 단순한 활용에서 적극적이고 체계적인 방법으로의 모색을 통해 현실감(Presence)을 극대화하여 이를 설계에 적극적으로 도입하는 방안에 대하여 연구하고자 한다. 현재 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 가상현실 시스템(Virtual Reality System)을 환경디자인(Environmental Design)분야에 폭 넓게 활용하여 수준 높은 설계를 제공하고 모의실험을 통한 현실감의 극대화를 도출하고자 하며 앞으로 가상현실 시스템(Virtual Reality System)과 같은 다양한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 기법들이 환경디자인에 적극적으로 도입될 전망이다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

이성질체에 따른 폴리이미드 박막의 잔류응력 영향과 모폴로지와의 상관관계가 조사되었다. 이를 위해, Poly(phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-PDA)와 poly (oxydiphenylene biphenyltetracar-boximide) (BPDA-ODA)를 여러 다른 diamine인 1, 3-phenylene diamine (1, 3-PDA), 1.4-phenylene diamine (1,4-PDA)과 3.4'-oxydiphenylene diamine (3,4'-ODA) , 4,4'-oxydiphenylene diamine (4.4'-ODA)으로부터 제조하였다. 이들 박막에 대하여, Thin Film Stress Analyzer (TFSA)를 이용하여 공정온도 (25~$400^{\circ}C$)하에서 전구체의 열적 이미드화에 따라 실시간으로 폴리이미드 박막의 잔류응력 거동을 측정하였다. 폴리이미드 박막의 잔류응력은 면 방향 배향성과 사슬 질서도가 우수한 BPDA-1,4-PDA가 7MPa로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 BPDA-1,3-PDA, BPDA-3,4'-ODA, BPDA-4,4'-ODA의 경우 40~50Mpa 범위에 있었다. 이성질체에 따른 폴리이미드 박막의 잔류응력은 모폴로지 (사슬 강직도, 질서도, 배향성) 변화 및 유리전이 거동과 관련된 사슬 운동성을 이용하여 분석되었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method in the case studies on warts in Korea, to identify trends in herbal medicines and herbal prescriptions according to the characteristics of individual patients and to systematically analyze concurrent therapies. Methods : Domestic databases (OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KTKP, KISS, KISTI, KISTI) were used to search for case studies related to the herbal medicine treatment of warts. There was no restriction on the time of publication. A total of 9 papers were selected. Results : A total of 13 prescriptions were presented 23 times in 18 cases. Among them, bojungikgi-tang gamibang(補中益氣湯加減方) was the most frequently prescribed. Gwakhyangjeonggi-san gamibang(藿香正氣散加減方) and Damsoeun-tang gagam were the next most frequently prescribed. 69 herbs were used in a total of 13 prescriptions. Herbs were commonly classified as heat-clearing medicine(淸熱藥), exterior-releasing medicine(解表藥), and tonifying and replenishing medicine(補益藥) in descending order. The herbs used more than 6 times included Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草) (10 times), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), and Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) (6 times). Concurrent therapies were performed except for 1 study, and they were acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, external agents, and cupping therapy. Conclusions : This is the first study to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method for warts in case studies performed in Korea. We hope that this study would give helpful information about the treatment of warts in clinical practices.